镉试剂2B分光光度法测定地质样品中痕量铊

１引言 铊属高毒元素,且有积蓄性,列为优先监测的对象之一。在铊的分光光度分析法中,用得最普遍的是萃取光度法。大量使用有毒的有机溶剂将污染环境和损害健康。因此,水相胶束增溶分光光度法测定铭的研究日益增加。镉试剂及其衍生物作为铊的显色剂已有报道,但未见使用镉试剂２Ｂ的详文。本文详细研究了在Ｔｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００存在下,镉试剂２Ｂ与铊的显色反应。聚胺酯泡沫塑料对铊有很好的吸附性能,已用于原子吸收等方法测定铭,本文用于分离富集铊。建立了一个在水相体系快速、准确测定痕量铊的方法,成功地用于测定地质样品中…     

萃取-原子吸收分光光度法测定硫化矿中铟和铊

原子吸收分光光度法测定铟及铊文献上曾有过一些报导。由于矿石中铟及铊的含量都较低,因而在测定前必须事先进行萃取富集。本文主要是研究了铟及铊的萃取富集及其测定条件,并制定了硫化矿中同时测定铟及铊的方法。实验部分 (一)仪器及主要试剂原子吸收分光光度计:WFD-Y型,10厘米乙炔-空气燃烧器。铟、铊空心阴极灯均由我所自制,制作方法参阅文献〔4〕。铟标准溶液:由光谱纯金属铟配制,每毫升含铟25微克。铊标准溶液:由硝酸铊配制,每毫升相当于25微克铊。     

阳极溶出伏安法测定土壤中的铊

<正> 铊是一种有毒稀散元素,它在自然环境中含量甚微。通常用于测定的方法有荧光法,分光光度法、中子活化法、原子吸收光谱法、悬汞电极阳极溶出伏安法等。但这些方法如中子活化法不易推广,其它各方法用于环境污染监测灵敏度还不够。玻璃碳汞膜电极阳极溶出法可以达到较高灵敏度,这种方法已经用来测定海水、尿中的铊,但测定土壤中的铊尚未见有文献资料报道。我们试验了在不同介质中铊的阳     

酚藏花红在分析化学上的应用之三——萃取分光光度法测定微量铊的研究

作者在研究应用醌亚胺类碱性染料——酚藏花红(Phenosafranine,C.I.№.50200)萃取分光光度法测定汞和金的基础上,发现溴铊酸或氯铊酸络阴离子与酚藏花红阳离子在硫酸介质中形成红色的离子缔合物,易为混合溶剂环已烷+丁酮(3+2)所萃取,在529nm处有最大吸收,可用来萃取比色测定微量铊。本文较详细地研究了萃取比色的主要条件,其它离子的干扰情况,并将此法应用于烟灰和岩石矿物中的微量铊的分析,获得较满意的结果。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定多金属矿中铟和铊

正稀散元素铟和铊在自然界中含量并不稀少,但较为分散,常伴生在磁铁矿、硫化矿、多金属矿、煤、铝土等矿床中,很少富集形成单矿物[1]。测定稀散元素铟和铊的含量,对开发利用矿产资源及综合评价具有重要的作用[2-4]。测定铟和铊的传统方法有极谱法、分光光度法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法、原子吸收光谱法等[5-6]。由于铟和铊的含量较低,这些方法通常需要将样品分离、富集、萃取等过程繁琐,分析效率偏低。近年来     

甲基绿分光光度法测定高氯废水中的铊

在0.08 mol/L氢溴酸介质中,Tl Br4–和甲基绿形成稳定的蓝紫色缔合物,该缔合物被乙酸异戊脂萃取后用分光光度法测定高氯废水中的铊。在最佳吸收波长590 nm处,铊的质量浓度在0~5μg/(10 mL)范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998 7,检出限为0.005 3μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.99%~3.38%(n=6),样品加标回收率为96.55%~98.04%。该方法操作简单,可应用于高氯废水中铊的测定。     

用纸上层析分离分光光度法测定含金(铊)矿石中的锑

目前,测定含金(铊)矿石中的锑,无论是碱性染料法或是碘化钾-罗丹明B(6G)-聚乙烯醇法,都相当程度的受金、铊的干扰,即使加入大量的掩蔽剂也无法消除。本文是藉助于纸层析法将金、铊分离,然后用孔雀绿显色分光光度法测定含金(铊)矿石中的锑。经实验表明,在此条件下,金80μg、铊100μg不干扰测定,方法回收率在90％以上,变动系数为5.5％左右,测定范围为0.0x-x.0％。 (一)分析手续称取0.5000g试样于100ml的烧杯中,用水润湿后加盐酸和磷酸混酸(4:1)15Ml,加热煮沸溶解后定     

邻羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯分光光度法测定地质样品中的痕量铊

１引言 铊是稀散元素，在制造电子元器件、化学、玻璃及半导体工业等领域有重要用途。铊也是剧毒元素，其毒性为氧化砷的３倍多。随着铊的使用日益增多，它的环境效应引起了人们的关注，因此铊的分析工作越来越重要。近年来，水相胶束增溶分光光度法测定铊的研究日趋增加。邻羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氯苯（Ｏ－ＨＤＡＡ）曾用于锌、银、镉、镍、钴等的光度分析。本文详细研究了在 Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００存在下，Ｏ－ＨＤＡＡ与铊的高灵敏显色反应。聚胺酯泡沫塑料对铊有很好的吸附性能，本文用于分离富集铊。建立了一个在水相体系中快速、准确…     

原子吸收光度法测定黄铁矿中微量铊的方法改进研究

在已有工作的基础上,重新设定原子吸收光度法测定铊的实验条件,提出低酸度下消除Fe(Ⅲ)的干扰以及在萃取过程不需辅助盐类助萃。方法的灵敏度、稳定性得到了改善,适用于矿石中微量铊的测定。     

低吸光度差示分光光度法测定油品中的铁

将一新的低吸光度差示分光光度法用于油品中铁的测定并与普通分光光度法测定结果的精密度和准确度进行了比较。结果表明，对于低吸光度样品的测定，该法较普通分光光度法准确。同时，该法克服了以前低吸光度差示分光光度法中差示吸光度与样品含量不成线性关系的不足。     

Spectrophotometric determination of micro amounts of cadmium in waste water with cadion and triton X-100

A spectrophotometric method for determination of micro amounts of cadmium in waste water with Cadion and Triton X-100 is described. The interference of foreign ions can be eliminated by masking with an ascorbic acid-Rochelle salt-potassium cyanide-potassium fluoride mixture. After demasking with formalin, cadmium is determined directly in aqueous solution without separation. Beer's law is obeyed for 0-8 mug of Cd in 25 ml of solution. The method is more sensitive than the dithizone method, its apparent molar absorptivity at 480 nm being 1.19 x 10(5) 1. mole(-1). cm(-1). Results obtained by using the proposed method on waste water samples agree well with those obtained by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry.     

Utility of solid phase extraction for spectrophotometric determination of gold in water, jewel and ore samples

A highly sensitive, selective and rapid method for the determination μg L(-1) level of Au(III) based on the rapid reaction of Au(III) with 2,3-dichloro-6-(3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)quinoxaline (DCHNAQ) and the solid phase extraction of the colored complex with a reversed phase polymer-based C18 cartridge have been developed. The DCHNAQ reacted with Au(III) to form a violet complex of a molar ratio 3:1 [DCHNAQ to Au(III)] in the presence of 5.0 M of phosphoric acid solution and Triton X-100 medium. This complex was enriched by the solid phase extraction with a polymer-based C18 cartridge. The enrichment factor of 100 was achieved. The molar absorptivity of the complex is 2.73×10(5) l mol(-1) cm(-1) at 633 nm in the measured solution. The system obeys Beer's law in the range of 0.02-1.30 μg ml(-1), whereas the optimum concentration ranges obtained from Ringbom plot was 0.08-1.24 μg ml(-1). The relative standard deviation for ten replicates sample of 0.6 μg ml(-1) level is 1.28%. The detection and quantification limits, are 6.1 and 19.5 ng ml(-1) in the original sample. This method was applied to the determination of gold in water, jewel and ore samples with good results comparing to the GFAAS method.     

Study of the titanium-phenylfluorone complex formed in the presence of Triton X-305 and emulsifier OP

A highly sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of titanium with phenylfluorone (PF) in the presence of Triton X-305 and emulsifier OP has been developed. In acid medium (pH 1.4-2.2) Ti(IV) forms red-violet complexes with PF, Triton X-305 and OP. The complex exhibits maximum absorption at 540 nm. The molar absorptivity is 1.63 x 10(5) 1.mole(-1).cm(-1). The Ti:PF ratio in the complex is 1:2. Beer's law is obeyed in the titanium concentration range 0-0.2 microg/ml in the final solution. Fluoride and EDTA interfere. The method has been used for the rapid direct determination of microamounts of Ti(IV) in soils and cereals with satisfactory results.     

The use of phenylfluorone in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride and Triton X-100 for the spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) in blood serum

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of copper(II) is based on the formation of a blue coloured complex of Cu(II) with 9-phenyl-2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone (PF) in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride (CP) and Triton X-100, has been developed. Optimum concentrations of PF, CP, Triton X-100 and pH ensuring maximum absorbance were defined. The complex Cu(II)-PF-CP-Triton X-100 shows maximum absorbance at 595 nm with a molar absorptivity value of 9.67x10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1). The detection limit of the method is 0.028 mug ml(-1). Beer's law is obeyed for copper concentrations in the range 0.04-0.4 mug ml(-1). The studies of the effect of foreign ions on determination of copper, show that the selectivity of the method is poor. The cations of alkali metals and anions Br(-), Cl(-), I(-), F(-), NO(2)(-), NO(3)(-), CH(3)COO(-), SO(4)(2-), S(2)O(3)(2-), PO(4)(3-), citrates (examined in 1000-fold molar excess over copper) do not affect the determination. All cations forming complexes with PF have an interfering effect. The statistical evaluation of the method was carried out for six determinations using 10 mug of Cu and the following results were obtained: the standard deviation, SD=0.042, the confidence interval mu(95)=10.1+/-0.1 mug Cu. The method has been applied for determination of copper in blood serum.     

Spectrophotometric method for the determination of manganese with phenylfluorone in the presence of Triton X-100 and cetylpyridinium chloride in pharmacological preparations and vegetable fertilizers

A simple and very sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of manganese in pharmacological preparations and vegetable fertilizers is proposed. The method is based on the formation of a blue coloured complex of Mn (II) with 9-phenyl-2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone (PF) in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride (CP) and Triton X-100. Optimum concentrations of PF, CP, Triton X-100 and pH ensuring maximum absorbance were defined. The complex Mn(II)-PF-CP-Triton X-100 shows maximum absorbance at 591 nm with the molar absorptivity value 1.77x10(5 )L mol(-1 )cm(-1). The detection limit of the method is 0.004 microg mL(-1). The Beer's law is obeyed for manganese concentrations in the range 0.02-0.2 microg mL(-1). The effect of foreign ions was elucidated. The statistical evaluation of the method was carried out for six determination using 5 microg Mn and the following results were obtained: standard deviation 0.021, confidence interval 5.05+/-0.05 microg Mn. The method has been applied for the determination of manganese in pharmacological preparations (Biovital, Kinder Biovital) and vegetable fertilizers (Hydrovit 100, Florovit).     

A highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of micro amounts of arsenic

A highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of arsenic, based on the formation of an ion-association complex between arsenoantimonomolybdenum blue and Malachite Green, has been developed. The ion-association complex is soluble in the presence of Triton X-305, so arsenic can be determined directly in aqueous solution. The apparent molar absorptivity for arsenic is 1.13 x 10(5) l.mole(-1).cm(-1) at 640 nm. Beer's law is obeyed for 0-5 mug of arsenic. The lower limit of determination (absorbance = 0.01) is 4 ng ml in the final solution.     

A new method for the determination of the critical micelle concentration of Triton X-100 in the absence and presence of beta-cyclodextrin by resonance Rayleigh scattering technology

A new method for the determination of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Triton X-100 in aqueous solution and beta-cyclodextrin solution by resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) has been developed. The method is based on the measurement of the RRS intensity of different concentration of Triton X-100 in aqueous solution and beta-cyclodextrin solution (6.0 x 10(-4) mol l(-1)). When the RRS intensities were plotted against the concentration of Triton X-100, an inflection point appeared at the Triton X-100 concentration of 5.0 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) in aqueous solution and 1.1 x 10(-3) mol l(-1) in beta-cyclodextrin solution, respectively. These values of concentration corresponded to the CMC of Triton X-100 in aqueous solution and beta-cyclodextrin solution, which also agreed closely with the results reported by surface tension and UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry. Therefore, the present RRS method is very convenient, rapid and accurate and can be used as a new technology for the determination of CMC values of surfactants without any probe. The relationship between the RRS intensity and the concentration, aggregate state and the aggregate molecular size of Triton X-100 has been primarily discussed.     

Studies on spectrophotometric methods of thallium determination

Eight sensitive methods of spectrophotometric determination of thallium have been studied and compared experimentally. The comparative criteria were: molar absorptivity, colour contrast of the basic reaction, working concentration interval and practical determination limit for thallium, precision of the method (the standard deviation), and selectivity. According to these criteria the best methods of extraction-spectrophotometric determination of thallium are those using Brilliant Green, Crystal Violet, Methyl Violet and Rhodamine B. The sensitivity depends very much on the oxidant used for conversion of Tl(I) into Tl(III). The oxidants suitable for each of the recommended methods are discussed.     

Collection of iron(III) from homogeneous aqueous solutions on membrane filters using Chromazurol B with Triton X-100.

A membrane filtration method was examined concerning the effective collection of iron(III) from a homogeneous aqueous solution with Chromazurol B (CAB), one of the triphenylmethane dyes, as a precipitating reagent in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant, polyethylene glycol mono[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]ether (Triton X-100). A formed blue Fe(III)-CAB complex was collected as a precipitate on a membrane filter by filtration under suction from a homogeneous aqueous solution in the pH range over about 2. The original solution was prepared at a concentration ratio of CAB to Fe(III) of to 10, and that of Triton X-100 to CAB of 10 to 100. It was then adjusted to a pH value of between 1.0 and 6.5. A linear relationship (r = 0.999) was obtained between the initial concentration and the found one of Fe(III) in the range of 2.0 x 10(-5) to 4.0 x 10(-4) mol dm(-3) at a fixed concentration ratio of CAB to Fe(III) of 3 and that of Triton X-100 to CAB of 20. This membrane filtration with CAB and Triton X-100 may be utilized for the separation of Fe(III) as a background species.     

Spectrophotometric determination of thallium after its extraction as an ion-pair of the chloro-complex and pyronine G

A sensitive and selective procedure for the spectrophotometric determination of thallium is described. The method is based on the formation of an ion-pair between [TlCl(4)](-) and the pyronine G cation in chloride-containing acid media. The ion-pair is extracted into benzene and permits the determination of as low as 0.3 mug of thallium in a final volume of 25 ml at 530 nm. The system obeys Beer's law in the concentration range 1-14 mug of thallium in a final volume of 25 ml. Potassium iodate was found to be highly effective for the oxidation of Tl(I) to Tl(III) and the presence of excess oxidant does not interfere. The method can be used for the determination of thallium in high purity cadmium, cadmium sponge and rock samples.