超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱快速筛查蔬菜中18种农药残留

建立蔬菜中18种农药残留的超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)快速筛查方法。样品经1%乙酸乙腈提取,QuEChERS法净化,经C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 1.8μm)分离,以乙腈与含0.1%甲酸的2 mmoL/L甲酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,UPLC-Q-TOF MS检测,建立18种农药的一级精确质量数据库以及二级谱图库,通过化合物的精确质量数、保留时间定性确证,外标法定量。18种农药均能准确定性,且在1.0～200.0μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9908),各组分检出限范围为0.0006～0.005 mg/kg,回收率范围为73.56%～103.2%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)范围为0.23%～9.85%。该方法快速、简便、准确,可用于蔬菜中18种农药残留的快速筛查。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱用于化妆品中18种非甾体抗炎药筛查和测定

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF MS）快速筛查和测定化妆品中18种非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）的方法。样品采用60%乙腈水溶液超声提取,以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(100mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,0.1%甲酸水和0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱。在ESI正离子扫描模式下,采用Target MS/MS模式采集化合物的质谱信息构建筛查数据库,以保留时间、一级母离子精确质量数、同位素丰度比和二级子离子谱库匹配进行快速筛查,以基质匹配外标法进行定量分析。结果表明18种化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）均大于0.99;检出限为0.001～0.050μg/g,定量下限为0.004～0.150μg/g。低、中、高3个加标水平下,膏霜及水剂两种化妆品基质的平均回收率为70.7%～116%,日内相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为0.70%～7.5%,日间RSD(n=3)为3.0%～14%。该方法前处理简单高效、准确度好、分析速度快,筛查结果准确,可用于化妆品中非甾体抗炎药的定性确证和定量分析,为化妆品风险识别提供技术手段。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱结合内标法快速检测毛发中15种毒品及代谢物

建立了毛发中15种毒品及其代谢物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速确证与内标定量分析方法。向洗净的毛发样品中加入甲醇研磨提取,研磨液经过滤后,以5 mmol/L NH_4Ac-0.1%甲酸水溶液及甲醇作为流动相,经Phenomenex Kinetex Biphenyl色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6μm)分离,采用分段多反应监测(sMRM)-信息依赖性采集(IDA)-增强离子扫描(EPI)模式,结合EPI谱库检索确证定性结果,运用内标法定量分析。毛发中15种毒品及代谢物在0.05～5.0 ng/mg质量浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.995;各化合物检出限范围为0.5～10 ng/g;低、中、高浓度的加标回收率为89.2%～117.5%;相对标准偏差为1.5%～7.1%。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查保健食品中10种雄性激素类非法添加物

建立了快速筛查保健食品中10种雄性激素类非法添加物的高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q-TOF MS)法。样品经直接超声或液液萃取,C_(18)色谱柱(3.0 mm×150 mm,1.8μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸溶液(含10 mmol/L乙酸铵)-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液梯度洗脱,采用HPLC-Q-TOF MS检测。构建10种雄性激素的一级精确质量数据库和二级谱库,通过化合物的精确质量数、保留时间、同位素比值、二级谱图等信息对检测结果进行自动检索,实现对实际样品快速准确的定性分析。结果表明,10种雄性激素在2～500 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.999,在固体基质、液体基质和油性基质中的检出限为0.01～0.06 mg/kg,定量下限为0.03～0.2 mg/kg,平均回收率为74.3%～113%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%～7.7%。该方法利用自建标准谱库检索实现快速筛查,样品前处理方法简单,具有专属性好、快速、灵敏、高效等优点,适用于缓解体力疲劳类保健食品中非法添加物的快速筛查和识别。     

超高效液相色谱-高分辨率质谱法筛查化妆品中12种糖皮质激素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱快速筛查和确证化妆品中可能添加的12种糖皮质激素的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,用Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。以正离子全扫描模式得到糖皮质激素的精确质量数,与理论精确质量数对比,精确度偏差小于2×10-6。建立了筛查列表,并将12种糖皮质激素物质的二级质谱数据库加入确证条件中,实现了对12种糖皮质激素类物质的快速筛查。检出限为1~2μg/kg,定量下限为3~5μg/kg;加标水平为10,20,40μg/kg时,回收率为78.3%~112.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~11.2%。该方法可作为化妆品中非法添加糖皮质激素成分的高通量筛选和确认检测方法。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱快速筛查与确证生鲜牛乳中80种抗生素和激素

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间高分辨质谱(UHPLC-QTOF MS)技术建立了生鲜牛乳中80种抗生素和激素的快速筛查方法。牛乳样品经含1%乙酸的乙腈溶液提取,采用QuEChERS(Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged and Safe)方法净化。目标药物经Agilent ZORBAX SB C_(18)色谱柱(3. 0 mm×100 mm,1. 8μm)分离,以乙腈-0. 1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,使用Dual AJS ESI源,在正离子模式下进行数据采集,基质匹配标准曲线法定量。结果表明,80种抗生素和激素类药物在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r~2≥0. 990 0),其定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为5～100μg/kg。LOQ加标水平下,80种兽药中23种兽药的回收率为50. 2%～59. 7%,相对标准偏差为1. 1%～13. 0%;其余57种兽药的回收率为61. 7%～119%,相对标准偏差为0. 3%～19. 0%。结合精确分子质量数、保留时间、同位素丰度和二级特征碎片离子对目标化合物进行快速筛查与确证。该方法快速简便、准确、灵敏,适用于牛乳中抗生素和激素类药物残留的高通量筛查与定性鉴定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱筛查确证尿液中磺胺、喹诺酮与四环素抗生素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定尿液中磺胺类、四环素类、喹诺酮类共45种抗生素的检测方法。尿液样品经提取后，采用HLB固相萃取柱（200 mg/6 mL）净化，使用ThermoAccucore RP-MS(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱进行分离，以乙腈-0.02%甲酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱。在正离子扫描模式下（ESI+），以选择反应监测模式（SRM）检测，外标法定量。45种目标化合物在3个加标水平（2.0、5.0、10.0μg/L）下的回收率为78.6%～114%，相对标准偏差为0.60%～18%；方法的检出限为0.1～0.5μg/L，定量下限为0.3～1μg/L。将所建方法用于280个尿液样品中抗生素的检测，均未检测到抗生素残留。所建方法的精密度和准确度高，操作简单便捷，为尿液中抗生素残留的筛查提供了方法支持。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查水产品中28种农药类环境激素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查和分析水产品中28种农药类环境激素的方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,Captiva ND Lipids小柱净化,用Acquity UPLC@BEN C18色谱柱(2.1mm×50 mm,1.7μm)分离,以甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用正、负离子切换同时测定了28种农药类环境激素,大大提高了检测通量。以全扫描模式下提取的保留时间和一级母离子精确质量数以及同位素丰度比,实现对水产品中多种农药类环境激素的快速筛查;以自动触发采集的二级碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。结果表明,目标化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.99;除乙草胺、腐霉利和杀螟硫磷外,其他化合物的检出限不大于10μg/kg,回收率为65.7%~98.9%,相对标准偏差为6.2%~11.3%。该方法简单、准确、快速、可靠,适用于水产品中多种农药类环境激素的高通量快速定性筛查和定量分析。     

高效液相色谱-离子阱飞行时间串联质谱法快速筛查保健食品中非法添加的磷酸二酯酶-5抑制剂及其类似物

采用离子阱飞行时间串联质谱(LC-MS-IT-TOF)技术对保健食品中非法添加的西地那非、他达那非和红地那非等28种磷酸二酯酶-5抑制剂(PDE-5)及其类似物进行快速筛查和确证。建立了此28种化合物的精确分子质量数和多级质谱碎片离子数据库。样品经甲醇超声提取,以C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3.5μm)分离,乙腈-0.1%乙酸为流动相梯度洗脱。结果显示,28种化合物的筛查检出限为0.2~7.0μg/L,定量下限为0.04~1.18 mg/kg(胶囊样品)和0.007~0.235 mg/L(口服液)。以定量下限浓度为加标水平的平均回收率为31.0%~114.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%~14.9%。利用精确质量数匹配和自建标准谱库检索,实现快速筛查;结合保留时间、同位素丰度和多级特征碎片离子对目标化合物进行确证。该方法具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,适用于保健食品中非法添加的磷酸二酯酶-5抑制剂(PDE-5)及其类似物的高通量筛查和定性鉴定。根据裂解规律的归纳总结,还可应用于其未知衍生物及结构类似物的分子式预测和结构推导。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定猪肉中3种β-受体激动剂残留量

建立一种同时测定猪肉中3种β-受体激动剂残留量的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)确证分析方法。样品经β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解、乙酸铵缓冲液提取和MCX固相萃取柱净化,采用Agilent ZorbaxSB-C18(2.1mm×150mm,3.5μm)色谱柱,0.1%的甲酸水溶液、甲醇和乙腈作为流动相进行洗脱,高效液相色谱分离,电喷雾离子源电离,正离子多反应监测模式进行检测,内标法定量。3种药物在0.05～1μg/kg浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r均大于0.999,0.05、0.1、0.5μg/kg3个浓度水平的添加回收率在89.7%～106.7%之间,相对标准偏差为2.4%～8.6%,3种药物的定量限均为0.05μg/kg。方法适用于猪肉中β-受体激动剂残留的确证分析。     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Homo- and copolymerizaton of norbornene and norbornene derivative with Ni- and Pd-based β-ketoiminato complexes and MAO

Neutral nickel(II) and palladium(II) complexes bearing β-ketoiminato ligand have been synthesized. The two complexes have been investigated as catalyst for the polymerization. Using methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a cocatalyst, both complexes produce vinyl-addition polynorbornenes, but palladium(II) complex displays much higher activity up to 8.0 × 10⁷ g/(molPd h). Furthermore, both Ni(II) and Pd(II)/MAO system can efficiently copolymerize norbornene and 5-norbornene-2-yl acetate (NB-OCOMe) in moderate yields and in relatively high molecular weights. The analyses of the product by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra give the verification of vinyl addition copolymer. The copolymers show narrow molecular weight distribution and good solubility in common organic solvents.