Determination of inorganic ions in drinking water by ion chromatography

Ion chromatography (IC) is now a well established methodology for the analysis of ionic species. The technique is applicable to the determination of a wide range of solutes in many sample types, although the determination of inorganic ions in drinking water continues to be the most widely used application of ion chromatography. Many regulatory and standard organizations, such as ASTM, AOAC, ISO, and US EPA, have approved methods of analysis based upon IC, most of which have been published within the last 10 years. Recent developments in the field of IC, such as the use of higher capacity columns, larger loop injections, more complex sample preparation and detection schemes, have been incorporated into new approved methods to allow the determination of inorganic contaminants, such as bromate, perchlorate, and chromate, at low μg/l levels in drinking waters. IC appears certain to remain an important technique for drinking water analysis and new methods based on IC will continue to be developed as more inorganic contaminants become regulated at lower limits in the future.     

Removal of sample background buffering ions and myoglobin enrichment via a pH junction created by discontinuous buffers in capillary electrophoresis

Traditional CE sample stacking is ineffective for samples containing a high concentration of salt and/or buffer. We recently reported the use of a discontinuous buffer system for protein enrichment that was applicable to samples containing millimolar concentrations of salt. In this paper, the technique was investigated for samples containing unwanted buffering ions, including TRIS, MES, and phosphate, which are commonly used in biological sample preparation. Using myoglobin as a model protein, the results demonstrated that background buffering ions can be effectively removed or separated from the enriched protein. The key is to use either the acid or the base of the discontinuous buffers to adjust the pH of the sample, such that the net charge of the unwanted buffering ions is near-zero. The successful isolation and enrichment of myoglobin from up to 100 mM TRIS and 50 mM MES was demonstrated. The enrichment factors remained at approximately 200. Removal of phosphate was more challenging because its net charge was anionic in both the acid and the base of the discontinuous buffers. The enrichment was only achievable up to 30 mM of sodium phosphate, the enrichment factors observed were significantly lower, below 50, and the process was delayed due to the higher ionic strength resulted from phosphate. The migration of phosphate during enrichment was studied using a UV-absorbing analogue, phenyl phosphate. In addition, Simul 5.0 was used to simulate the discontinuous buffers in the absence and presence of TRIS and phosphate. The stimulated TRIS and phosphate concentration profiles were generally in agreement with the experimental results. The simulation also provided a better understanding on the effect of phosphate on the formation of the pH junction.     

离子色谱法测定海产品中磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、偏磷酸盐和总磷

建立了离子色谱法测定海产品中磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、偏磷酸盐和总磷的分析方法。样品经100 mmol/L NaOH溶液浸提,固相萃取柱去除有机物、阳离子、中和OH~后用于海产品中磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐和偏磷酸盐的测定;样品经干灰化法消化,固相萃取柱净化后用于总磷测定。考察了提取溶液的pH、有机物和共存离子对测定结果的影响。该方法的线性范围为0.3～60 mg/L,检出限为2.1～2.3 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为1.6%～2.6%。海鱼和虾仁样品中目标物的加标回收率为81.8%～100.0%。该方法选择性好,灵敏度高,用于实际样品测定结果令人满意。     

Separation of selenium species and their sensitive determination in rice samples by ion‐pairing reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry

A highly sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of organic and inorganic selenium species in rice by ion‐pairing reversed‐phase chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry. To achieve a good separation of these species, a comparison between anion‐exchange chromatography and ion‐pairing reversed‐phase chromatography was performed. The results indicated that ion‐pairing reversed‐phase chromatography was more suitable due to better separation and higher sensitivity for all analytes. In this case, a StableBond C18 column proved to be more robust or to have a better resolution than other C18 columns, when 0.5 mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and 10 mM ammonium acetate at pH 5.5 were used as the mobile phase. Moreover, an excellent sensitivity was obtained in terms of interferences by means of tandem mass spectrometry in the hydrogen mode. The detection limits were 0.02–0.12 μg/L, and recoveries of five selenium species were 75–114%, with relative standard deviations ≤ 9.4%. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of rice samples. Compared with previous studies, the proposed method not only gave comparable results when used for measuring selenium‐enriched rice, but it can provide greater sensitivity for the detection of low concentrations of selenium species in rice.     

Trace anion determination in concentrated hydrofluoric acid solutions by two-dimensional ion chromatography II. Method performance study with a hydroxide eluent and a low noise suppressor

The two-dimensional ion exclusion chromatography/ion chromatography (ICE-IC) approach is considered to be the method of choice for the determination of trace anions in concentrated hydrofluoric acid (48-50%, w/w). In order to achieve lower detection limits, this method was for the first time used with electrolytically generated and purified hydroxide eluents in combination with a low noise electrochemical suppressor. Compared to carbonate based eluents, the achieved gain in peak height sensitivity for chloride, sulfate, nitrate and phosphate is a factor of 6, 7, 16 and 13, respectively. The instrumental detection limits, based on the background noise, are 2, 0.2, 0.4 and 1.4 microg/kg HF 50% (w/w) for the same anions. Their method detection limits, calculated according to SEMI, are all within the 6-10microg/kg HF 50% (w/w) range and thus at least 10 times lower than the current Tier C grade requirements. The chromatographic run time could be shortened with some 10 min by the use of a relatively fast high-capacity hydroxide selective anion exchange column.     

流动相离子色谱法测定杂多酸中氯与磷酸根离子

探讨了用流动相离子色谱法测定杂多酸中C l-与PO43-的分析条件。通过在淋洗液中加入两性离子3-(N-吗啉)-1-丙磺酸(3-(N-morpholino)propanesu lfon ic ac id,MOPS),调节流动相pH值,找到一种pH 6.98的流动相,同时优化离子对试剂的配比,并加入无机添加剂和有机改进剂,能有效的抑制杂多酸的分解,较精确地测定其中所含阴离子。     

离子色谱法测定蚀刻槽废氢氟酸中的六氟硅酸

建立了一种新的检测蚀刻槽废氢氟酸中六氟硅酸的离子色谱方法。色谱柱为Metrosep A Supp 7阴离子交换柱,流动相为3.2 mmol/L碳酸钠-1.0 mmol/L碳酸氢钠,流速为0.7 m L/min。六氟硅酸经过抑制型电导检测器后进行衍生化反应,在360 nm波长下用紫外检测器检测。六氟硅酸的线性范围为2.4~120 mg/L,相关系数r2大于0.999,定量限为0.24 mg/L,平均加标回收率为97.2%。本方法还可以同时利用电导检测器检测废氢氟酸中的氢氟酸、醋酸、盐酸、硝酸、磷酸和硫酸的含量。该方法快速、准确,适用于蚀刻槽液中六氟硅酸的检测。     

离子色谱法同时测定离子液体中六氟磷酸根及痕量杂阴离子

建立了一种同时测定离子液体中六氟磷酸根(PF~6)和痕量杂阴离子氟、氯、溴(F~,Cl~,Br~)的离子色谱方法(IC)。样品经溶解、稀释、过滤后用Dionex IonPac AS22分离柱(250 mm×4 mm)分离,淋洗液为碳酸盐-乙腈体系(体积比为70:30),流速1.0 mL/min,采用Dionex DS6电导检测器检测,外标法定量。F~,Cl~,Br~和PF~6的线性范围分别为0.5～50 μg/L、10～200 μg/L、10～200 μg/L和0.9～45 mg/L,线性相关系数分别为0.9999,0.9998,0.9999和0.9998,加标回收率为94.5%～100.5%,相对标准偏差为0.63%～1.03%,检出限(以信噪比为3计)分别为0.5 μg/L、2.0 μg/L、5.0 μg/L和0.9 mg/L。该方法用于离子液体中六氟磷酸根和痕量杂阴离子的同时测定,结果令人满意。     

离子色谱法测定饲料添加剂磷酸二氢钠中4种无机阴离子

应用抑制电导检测离子色谱法建立了准确快速测定磷酸二氢钠中无机阴离子含量的分析方法。样品经过简单溶解后即可上机分析,分析时间小于30min。实验结果表明,方法的重现性好、灵敏度高、操作简便易行,还可以推广应用到其他工业原料如磷酸钠、磷酸氢钙及磷酸等的测定。     

毛细管离子色谱分析系统研究进展

离子色谱是目前分析离子型样品的成熟技术,其水相工作介质的特点相对于液相色谱更适合于生物样品的分析。毛细管离子色谱(CIC)由于其节省样品的特点在生物分析方面的优势更为明显。CIC大体上可分为开管型、填充柱型和整体柱型3种类型。本文以填充型CIC几大关键部件技术发展为主线,综述了近年来CIC的研究进展。