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1.
C18固相萃取膜适宜处理大体积地下水样现场采样而且易于运输、贮存。利用C18固相膜萃取以及GC/MS联用的方法对地下水中痕量半挥发性有机污染物进行了萃取以及定性、定量分析。优化了固相膜萃取的地下水采样量和浓缩体积。有机氯农药和多环芳烃的平均回收率分别为85%~110.1%、90.3%~115.1%;方法检出限达到10^-9g/L;相对标准偏差均小于15%。本方法用于北京地区地下水中的有机污染物分析,并给出地下水样C18固相膜萃取的GC/MS测定结果。  相似文献   

2.
农产品质量安全事关民生福祉,近年来受到了政府和消费者越来越多的关注,建立农产品中农药、兽药、重金属和真菌毒素等污染物高效、快速和灵敏的分离分析新方法,对于保障农产品质量安全具有重要的意义。农产品基质复杂,污染物浓度低,采取适当的样品前处理对农产品中的污染物进行富集净化是非常重要的。固相萃取是目前应用最多的样品前处理技术,其核心吸附剂决定了萃取的选择性和萃取效率。近年来,越来越多的新型材料被用作固相萃取的吸附剂,结合多种萃取模式(固相微萃取、分散固相萃取、磁性固相萃取等),大大提高了目标物的萃取效率、萃取选择性和分析通量。纳米材料具有大的比表面积,对痕量目标物亲和力强,将其作为固相萃取的吸附剂,极大地改善了分析技术的选择性和灵敏度,已经成为农产品中痕量化合物预富集技术的优先选择。本文概述了磁性材料、碳基材料、金属和金属氧化物材料、金属有机骨架材料、有机共价骨架材料等纳米材料的吸附特性,因具有比表面积大、吸附容量高、结构可设计等众多优点,良好的稳定性和优异的物理化学性能使其非常适合作为农产品安全分析中污染物富集净化的吸附剂,结合色谱、光谱、质谱等检测技术,所开发的分析方法成功应用于多种农产...  相似文献   

3.
魏嘉勋  陈文 《化学通报》2022,85(3):331-340,296
全氟辛烷磺酸及其盐(PFOS)广泛应用于纺织品、皮革、家具等上千种工业和日用生活用品的生产中,由于具有多脏器毒性,被列为继多氯联苯、有机氯农药和二噁英之后的又一种新型持久性有机污染物。因此,PFOS的准确监测对环境PFOS污染的预警预报具有重要的意义。PFOS在样品中含量低,因此样品前处理技术是准确分析的关键。本文对目前应用于水样中PFOS分析的前处理技术如液-液萃取、固相萃取、磁性固相萃取、毛细管整体柱固相萃取和固相微萃取进行了概述,并对它们的特点进行了评述,重点阐述了固相微萃取技术的研究进展,并对近年应用于环境水样前处理PFOS固相微萃取剂的研究进展进行了综述,对新型萃取剂的研究提出展望。  相似文献   

4.
磁固相萃取技术是近年来不断发展的一种基于磁性纳米吸附材料的新型样品前处理技术。与传统吸附剂相比,磁性纳米材料凭借其粒径小、比表面积大、表面易功能化、独特的磁学性质、易于操控和再生、环境友好度高等诸多优点,在有效分离富集复杂基质中的痕量目标物方面展示了诱人的应用前景。近年来,磁固相萃取技术在农药残留检测领域取得了迅速发展。介绍了磁固相萃取技术,综述了近5年来碳材料、有机小分子、离子液体、高分子、无机氧化物、金属有机框架材料、多孔有机材料等功能化的磁性纳米材料的合成策略、在农药残留检测中的应用以及其与分析物之间吸附机理,并展望了其发展方向。  相似文献   

5.
碳纳米管在样品前处理中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张素玲  杜卓  李攻科 《化学通报》2011,74(3):201-208
碳纳米管是一维碳基纳米材料,具有独特的管状结构、良好的化学稳定性、热稳定性和高比表面积.近年来,碳纳米管在有机小分子、金属离子和生物大分子分离富集方面得到了广泛的应用.本文综述了碳纳米管及功能化碳纳米管在固相萃取、固相微萃取、中空纤维膜保护固相微萃取和液膜萃取等样品前处理技术中的应用.  相似文献   

6.
研究了用C18固相膜萃取法(SPE)富集大量地下水样中半挥发性有机污染物,试验中以有机氯药(OCP's)及多环芳(PAH's)作为试验对象的现场采样富集,并以气相色谱-质谱法完成其定性及定量测定.对SPE的多项参数,诸如萃取率、检出限及测定限以及准确度和精密度均作了测试.在与液-液萃取(LLE)所作的对比试验所得到的结果表明:SPE法的回收率为79.1%~103.7%(OCP's)和72.4%~119.2%(PAH's);相对标准偏差为6.4%~16.7%(OCP's)和3.4%~20.2%(PAH's).SPE法之优于LLE法主要在于分析过程快速,有机溶剂使用量大大减少,方法更适合于大量水样中有机污染物的现场取样处理.  相似文献   

7.
样品分析是环境污染物研究和控制的基础,到目前为止,环境样品前处理仍是环境样品分析的瓶颈问题,其中,针对复杂环境基质中的痕量污染物开发高效率和高选择性的吸附材料是样品前处理的关键和研究热点。微孔有机聚合物、有序介孔硅材料、金属有机骨架聚合物、分子印迹聚合物、碳纳米管和石墨烯等新材料具有骨架密度低、比表面积大、孔尺寸可调控、表面可修饰、化学和物理性质稳定等优点,在样品前处理领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。该文对近年来这些新型纳米材料在固相萃取、分散固相萃取、固相微萃取、磁固相萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取和基质固相分散萃取等样品前处理领域的最新研究进展做了简要评述,为更好地开发新型纳米材料在复杂和痕量样品前处理中的应用提供了参考。  相似文献   

8.
舒斌  李海普 《化学通报》2014,77(5):396-400
固相微萃取是一种具有高灵敏度、回收率和重复性等优点的前处理技术,广泛应用于水中痕量污染物的处理,本文从固相微萃取装置、基本原理及其在水样污染物检测的中应用展开介绍,并以固相微萃取作为主题检索词,利用ISI Web of Knowledge中Web of Science引文数据库,对1998年到2012年间的相关文献进行计量分析。结果表明,固相微萃取主要应用于水样前处理,杀虫剂是主要的富集对象,气相、液相色谱以及质谱是常使用的检测器。  相似文献   

9.
固相微萃取是一种具有高灵敏度、回收率和重复性等优点的前处理技术,广泛应用于水中痕量污染物的处理。本文从固相微萃取装置、基本原理及其在水样污染物检测的中应用展开介绍,并以固相微萃取作为主题检索词,利用ISI Web of Knowledge中Web of Science引文数据库,对1998年到2012年间的相关文献进行计量分析。检索分析结果表明,固相微萃取主要应用于水样前处理,杀虫剂和多环芳香烃是主要的富集对象,气相、液相色谱及质谱是常使用的检测仪器。  相似文献   

10.
固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水样中20种有机氯农药   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
建立了用固相萃取小柱提取和净化、GC/MS定性定量同时测定水样中20种有机氯农药的方法.方法采用OasisHLB固相萃取小柱萃取富集水样,二氯甲烷洗脱,加入菲-d10作为内标,利用GC/MS进行定性定量,步骤简便,线性响应良好,干扰小,方法检出限为0.21~0.72 ng/L(按水样1L计),加标回收率为64.8%~ 122%,RSD为1.2%~11.0%.成功利用该方法对广西实际河水样品进行了检测.结果表明方法可以同时满足环境水样中20种痕量有机氯农药的测定.  相似文献   

11.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(14):1971-1979
In this paper, bamboo charcoal was successfully developed for the solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of six organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. After the bamboo charcoal was pretreated and packed in the solid-phase extraction cartridge, the organophosphorus pesticides in water samples were carried out the solid-phase extraction. To establish a perfect solid-phase extraction procedure, the experimental conditions including the eluent, eluent volume, pH of the sample, flow rate of the sample, and loading volume of the sample were all investigated. When 100 mL water samples in the pH range of 6–7 were loaded with the flow rate of 2.5 mL · min?1 and then eluted with 10 mL acetonitrile, the proposed extraction method was validated by the recovery, correlation coefficient (R2), repeatability (RSD, n = 7) and LODs, which were 69.6–93.4%, 0.9982–0.9998, 2.9–5.6%, and 0.08–1.04 µg · L?1, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of the tap, snow, and river water samples demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed SPE method for real water samples. Based on the aforementioned factors, it could be concluded that bamboo charcoal was a good solid-phase extraction adsorbent, and this proposed solid-phase extraction method was suitable for the effective enrichment and determination of the organophosphorus pesticides in water samples.  相似文献   

12.
高吭  刘雅珣  柯威  刘凯  倪浏阳  陶涛 《色谱》2020,38(11):1348-1354
公安机关用胶体金尿检法对海洛因滥用者的检测常常受到阿片类镇咳药的干扰,使用传统液-液提取法进行实验室检验,操作效率低,灵敏度不高,无法满足公安机关打击涉毒案件的需要。为此,该研究建立了尿液中吗啡、O 6 -单乙酰吗啡、可待因和乙酰可待因4种阿片类物质的固相萃取和衍生化技术结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)同时检测方法。尿样用磷酸盐缓冲液调节至pH=6后,经MCX固相萃取柱净化,用N -甲基-N -(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺(MSTFA)对吗啡、O 6 -单乙酰吗啡、可待因进行衍生化,供GC-MS检测。考察了上样和洗脱流速、淋洗液中甲酸体积分数、洗脱液中氨水体积分数、3%(v/v)甲酸甲醇淋洗液体积和固相萃取柱吹干时间对萃取效果的影响。确定上样和洗脱流速1.0 mL/min,淋洗液中甲酸体积分数3%,洗脱液中氨水体积分数5%,3%(v/v)甲酸甲醇淋洗液体积1 mL,吹干时间1 min为最佳条件。在此条件下,4种阿片类物质在0.02~0.8 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r 2 ≥0.998),检出限(LOD)为0.0016~0.0039 μg/mL,定量限(LOQ)为0.0054~0.0128 μg/mL,当标准添加水平为0.02、0.1、0.2 μg/mL时,回收率为93.0%~110.3%。该方法结合自动化技术,对固相萃取条件精确控制,操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确,适合尿液中吗啡等4种阿片类物质快速测定,可用于海洛因吸食者的大规模监控,并能准确排除因服用含阿片类镇咳药导致的吗啡胶体金尿检假阳性。  相似文献   

13.
Li J  Cai Y  Shi Y  Mou S  Jiang G 《Talanta》2008,74(4):498-504
Ionic liquid mixed hemimicelles-based solid-phase extraction for the preconcentration of five phthalates in environmental water sample was investigated in this paper. A comparative study on the use of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C(6)mim]Br) and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C(12)mim]Br)-coated silica as sorbents was presented. Owing to having bigger adsorption amounts for analytes [C(12)mim], Br-coated silica was selected as SPE material and the five analytes di-ethyl-phthalate (DEP), di-n-propyl-phthalate (DnPP), di-n-butyl-phthalate (DnBP), di-cyclohexyl-phthalate (DcHP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) can be quantitatively extracted under optimal conditions. The analytes retained on the cartridge were desorbed completely with 3mL methanol (pH 2). Predominant factors influencing the extraction efficiency, such as RTILs concentration, pH value, ionic strength and breakthrough volume were discussed. The proposed method had been applied to determining the five phthalates in four environmental water samples and concentration factor of 600 was achieved easily. Detection limits obtained ranged between 0.12 and 0.17mug/L. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by recovery measurement on spiked samples, and good recovery results (85-107%) with relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of below 6% were achieved.  相似文献   

14.
A simple method has been developed for rapid and selective extraction, preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of beryllium. The extraction is carried out by octadecyl silica cartridge, modified with quinalizarine as a chelating agent. The effect of different parameters, such as sample matrix, flowrates of sample solution and eluent, pH, type and least amount of eluent for elution of Be(+2) ions from cartridge, breakthrough volume and limit of detection, were evaluated. Also, the effects of various cationic and anionic interferences on percent recovery of Be(+2) were studied. Be(+2) was extracted from solution at pH 6-6.6 and was eluted from modified cartridge with 5 ml of 0.5 M HNO(3). Extraction efficiencies >99% were obtained by elution of the cartridges with minimal amount of eluent. A preconcentration factor of 200 and a detection limit of 200 ng per 1000 ml were obtained. The method was applied to the recovery and determination of Be(+2) in different water and alloy samples.  相似文献   

15.
Mixed hemimicelles-based solid-phase extraction was investigated for the preconcentration of five sulfonamides from environmental water samples prior to HPLC-spectrophotometry determination in this paper. A comparative study on the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) coating gamma-alumina or octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTMABr) and OTMABr coating silica as sorbent materials were presented. The five analytes (sulfadiazine (SDA), sulfathiazole (STA), sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX)) were quantitatively adsorbed on OTMABr-gamma-alumina and OTMABr-silica mixed hemimicelles, but OTMABr-gamma-alumina was not adopted because it worked at a high pH (around 10), instead, OTMABr-silica was selected to overcoming the pH restriction. The analytes retained on the cartridge were quantitatively desorbed with suitable amounts of methanol. Factors influencing the extraction efficiency, such as the amount of surfactant, pH of sample and breakthrough volume were discussed. The proposed method had been applied to determining the five sulfonamides in several environmental water samples and concentration factors of 300 and 600 for SDA and other four analytes were achieved, respectively. Detection limits obtained ranged between 0.15 and 0.35microg/L for this five sulfonamides under the optimized conditions. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by recovery measurements on spiked samples, and good recovery results (89-113%) with precision of 3-6% were achieved.  相似文献   

16.
A novel sensitive and simple method for rapid and selective extraction, preconcentration and determination of mercury as its 2,2' diamino-4,4' bithiazole (DABTZ) complex by using octadecylsilica cartridges and spectrophotometry is presented. Extraction efficiency and the influence of flow rates of sample solution and eluent, pH, amount of DABTZ, type and least amount of eluent for elution of mercury complex from cartridges, break through volume and limit of detection were evaluated. Also the effects of various cationic and anionic interferences on percent recovery of mercury were studied. Average extraction efficiency > 90% was obtained by elution of the cartridge with minimal amount of solvent in the presence of interferences. A preconcentration factor of 152 and a detection limit of 10.92 ng mL(-1) were obtained. The method was applied to the recovery and determination of mercury in different water samples.  相似文献   

17.
This paper demonstrates, for the first time, that adsorptive potential of bamboo charcoal for solid-phase extraction of phthalate esters was investigated. The four phthalate esters, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), are quantitatively adsorbed on a bamboo charcoal packed cartridge, then the analytes retained on the cartridge are quantitatively desorbed with optimum amounts of acetone. Finally, the analytes in the eluant acetone are determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detectior. Important parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, such as eluant and its volume, flow rate of sample, sample volume, pH, the amount of adsorbent and ionic strength were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 0.35-0.43 microg/L for four phthalate esters. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of rainwater and tap water samples. And satisfactory spiked recoveries were obtained in the range of 75.0-114.2%. All the results indicated that the bamboo charcoal has great potential as a novel adsorbent material for the enrichment and determination of phthalate esters in real environmental water samples.  相似文献   

18.
A solid-phase extraction procedure for Pb(II) and Cd(II) as 2,9 dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline complexes on activated carbon cloth (ACC) has been established. In the determination step, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was used. The optimum conditions for pH, type and volume of eluent, volume of sample solution, flow rates of eluent, sample solution and matrix effect were determined. For quantitative recovery of the analyte ions, refereed optimum values are as follows: amount of ACC, 0.4 g; pH, 6.0 and eluent, 10 mL 3 M HNO3. To test the accuracy of the method, a certified reference material (CRM) analysis and add-recovery methods were performed. The developed method was applied for the determination of the analyte elements in water and vegetable samples.  相似文献   

19.
An improved analytical method for the simultaneous solid-phase extraction of arachidonic acid metabolites in biological samples is described. The major aim of the work was to define the cause of the different recoveries reported in the literature for leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. We used nasal lavages to carry out a comparative study of solid-phase extraction parameters of practical importance in securing good recoveries of leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids from biological samples. We evaluated the influence of the pH of the sample, the pH of the water used to wash the extraction cartridge before elution of the adsorbed analytes, the comparative behaviour of commercially available octadecyl adsorbents and the influence of the concentration-evaporation step on final recoveries. Data thus obtained show that there is no significant difference in results when the samples and the water used to wash the cartridge before analyte elution are adjusted to pH values ranging between 4.0 and 7.4. Below pH 4.0, losses may be significant. Furthermore, recoveries can be very much dependent on the type of solid-phase cartridge material and on the eluent evaporation method, especially with regard to aqueous phase removal.  相似文献   

20.
Optimization of extraction and enrichment parameters of chemical warfare agents and their related chemicals from water are presented using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as solid-phase extractant. Selected analytes were O,O'-dialkyl alkylphosphonates, nerve agent and mustards. Extraction parameters, including sample volume, nature and volume of washing and eluting solvent, were optimized. Recoveries of analytes were determined by GC-MS and ranged from 81 to 104%. A comparison with C(18), hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and active carbon sorbents demonstrated the superiority of MWCNTs for non-toxic analogues of nerve agents. Optimized conditions involve 40?mg MWCNTs as the sorbent, 5.0?mL water as the washing solvent, 3?mL ethyl acetate as the eluent and sample loading of 10?mL water spiked at 0.1?μg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) were achieved down to 1 and 0.05?ng/mL in full scan and selected ion-monitoring modes, respectively.  相似文献   

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