Co@SiO2核壳式纳米粒子的合成、性质表征及在细胞分离和细胞芯片上的应用

合成了Co@SiO2核壳式纳米粒子, 并采用透射电镜(TEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对其形状、尺寸、荧光及磁特性进行了表征, 探讨了其在细胞分离和细胞芯片上的应用和原理.     

金纳米粒子的细胞毒性

金纳米粒子(Au NPs)是构建用于诊断和治疗的纳米药物/探针的理想纳米材料之一,因此研究Au NPs与细胞的相互作用具有重要意义。本文详细分析了金纳米簇(Au NCs)、球形金纳米粒子A(Au NPss)、金纳米球壳(Au NSs)和金纳米棒(Au NRs)等不同形貌的Au NPs对不同细胞模型的细胞毒性;讨论了Au NPs的理化性质(大小、形状、化学功能和表面电荷)对其细胞毒性的影响。总结了Au NP细胞毒性研究遇到的挑战并提出相应解决方法。     

修复前后Vero细胞调控草酸钙晶体生长的差异

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和流式细胞仪等多种方法研究了降解大豆多糖(SPS)对损伤的非洲绿猴肾上皮细胞(Vero)的修复作用;研究了修复前后Vero调控草酸钙(CaOxa)晶体形成的差异。经H2O2氧化损伤的Vero在被SPS修复后,其细胞活力、细胞外SOD活性及细胞内线粒体膜电位均增加,细胞形态逐渐恢复到接近正常细胞。在诱导草酸钙(CaOxa)晶体生长过程中,修复细胞可以减少棱角尖锐的一水草酸钙(COM)晶体生成,诱导更多的二水草酸钙(COD)晶体。三种状态Vero诱导的晶体尺寸从小到大顺序为:正常细胞<修复细胞<损伤细胞。本文结果表明,降解大豆多糖可以修复受损伤的Vero细胞,降低肾结石形成的危险性,提示SPS有可能是一种潜在的绿色防石药物。     

AFM研究蝙蝠葛碱对daudi细胞毒性的影响

利用原子力显微镜、CCK-8实验和流式细胞术研究了蝙蝠葛碱(dauricine)对B细胞淋巴瘤daudi细胞的细胞毒性。蝙蝠葛碱能显著抑制daudi细胞的增殖。CCK-8实验表明,细胞存活率与蝙蝠葛碱浓度存在时间依赖和剂量依赖关系。经10～50μmol/L的蝙蝠葛碱作用24 h后,daudi细胞存活率从(89.8±4.3)%降至(11.2±3.2)%;48 h后,存活率从(68.9±2.6)%降至(2.5±0.5)%。流式细胞术表明蝙蝠葛碱处理dau-di细胞24 h后,凋亡率从5.2%增至28.2%(60μmol/L)。AFM数据显示对照组细胞呈圆形,表面较光滑。经蝙蝠葛碱处理后,daudi细胞坍塌,超微结构显示细胞表面粗糙、凹凸不平。此外,经不同浓度蝙蝠葛碱作用的daudi细胞,其线粒体膜电位随着药物浓度的加大而降低。蝙蝠葛碱能显著抑制daudi细胞生长增殖。     

幼鼠Sertoli细胞分泌一种刺激Leydig细胞合成雄激素的因子

本文利用幼鼠Sertoli和Leydig细胞单独或一起培养的方法研究了Sertoli细胞对Leydig细胞的局部影响。结果发现:(1)FSH和LH都能刺激胚胎和幼鼠的睾丸细胞雄激素的生物合成,最大的刺激作用是在生后3—5天;(2)幼鼠Sertoli细胞在FSH作用下分泌一种(些)物质,它能直接(只在幼龄期)或与LH协同刺激Leydig细胞雄激素的合成;(3)Sertoli刺激因子不是类固醇或其他小分子化合物,可能是一种热不稳定的多肽。这种因子可能对幼鼠Leydig细胞向成鼠Leydig细胞的分化和激素合成能力的转化过程中起重要作用。     

酿酒酵母凋亡细胞的毛细管电泳行为研究

用醋酸诱导酿酒酵母(saccharomyces cerevisiae)作为细胞凋亡过程,用扫描电镜和流式细胞术两种检测技术确证其细胞凋亡特征：用800mmol／L乙酸诱导21h后的细胞在电镜图上出现明显表面皱缩、细胞壁内陷;流式细胞图上出现典型凋亡峰——亚二倍体峰。详细探讨其高效毛细管电泳的行为,发现凋亡细胞在300nm处的强吸收峰消失;凋亡细胞核在220nm处,12～18min之间出现了一个新的分离峰。研究表明,毛细管电泳非常适于对细胞凋亡过程进行动态特征监测。     

基于功能核酸的细胞荧光成像

细胞是生物体基本的结构和功能单元,对活细胞中特定生物组分进行动态分析,将为相关生命活动过程的研究提供重要信息。荧光成像为细胞分析提供了一种操作简单、灵敏度高、可实时监测细胞微观动态分子过程的光学生物成像技术。发展高性能的荧光探针用于活细胞成像已成为研究热点。功能核酸是一类具有特殊化学和生物学功能的寡核苷酸分子,除了天然存在的核酶(Ribozyme)和核糖开关(Riboswitch)之外,还包括通过指数富集的配体系统进化技术(SELEX)筛选获得的核酸适体和脱氧核酶(DNAzyme)。功能核酸由于具有合成简单、免疫原性低、相对分子质量小、化学稳定性高、易于修饰等优点,在生物成像领域受到广泛关注。本文主要综述了基于功能核酸的荧光探针在细胞成像领域中的应用研究,总结了该领域面临的挑战,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

10-羟基喜树碱的光谱性质、抗肿瘤活性及应用于细胞标记研究

通过紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱和红外光谱等方法研究了药物10-羟基喜树碱(HCPT)的光谱性质.采用溴化噻唑蓝四氮唑(MTT)法测定了HCPT对3种肿瘤细胞(HeLa,MCF-7和HT1080)的抗肿瘤活性,其IC50值分别为16.37,16.73和19.24μg/mL.测定了HCPT对正常细胞人胚肾细胞系HEK293T的生长抑制活性,最高抑制率达88.72%,表明正常细胞比3种肿瘤细胞对药物HCPT更敏感.以HeLa细胞为模型,利用Annexin V-FITC细胞凋亡检测试剂盒研究了HCPT的抗肿瘤作用机制,发现几乎所有细胞均同时被Annexin V-FITC和碘化丙啶(PI)染色,细胞膜为绿色,而细胞核为红色,表明HCPT诱导了HeLa细胞的晚期凋亡.通过荧光显微镜观察了HCPT在HeLa细胞中的分布,为其在细胞标记中的应用提供了科学依据.     

硅氧聚合度对细胞毒性的影响

本文采用家兔肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)存活率和细胞过氧化脂质(LPO)值为测定指标,研究了硅氧的聚合度对其细胞毒性的影响。结果表明:各种聚合度的硅氧都有一定的细胞毒性,聚合度愈大,细胞毒性也愈大。胶体SiO_2的粒径增大,其细胞毒性降低。十硅酸盐及粒径小于5nm的硅溶胶的细胞毒性大于α-石英。聚合度小于6的低聚硅酸及其盐、粒径18nm以上的硅溶胶以及硅胶H的毒性皆小于α-石英。本实验细胞存活率降低和过氧化脂质值升高的趋势基本一致,这表明硅氧可能主要与细胞表面膜作用,膜上磷脂等表面活性物质被氧化和变性,从而导致细胞损伤。     

P(HPMA-FMA)荧光探针制备、细胞毒性评估及细胞吞噬示踪检测

以甲基丙烯酰氯、三乙胺和荧光素反应得到荧光素甲基丙烯酸酯(FMA),将其与聚N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺(HPMA)以物质的量之比1∶10混合并通过引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发聚合反应,生成带有荧光探针的聚合物P(HPMA-FMA)。采用台盼蓝排染法评估了该聚合物的细胞毒性,荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪观察和检测了全反式维甲酸(ATRA)诱导HL-60细胞分化过程中,P(HPMA-FMA)被细胞吞噬后的荧光示踪效应。结果表明:P(HPMA-FMA)的细胞毒性极低,当P(HPMA-FMA)的质量浓度为4~16mg/mL时对细胞增殖无影响;当其质量浓度为30μg/mL时即可满足荧光显微镜定性示踪观察和流式细胞术定量检测所需要的荧光强度。     

Design and synthesis of novel magnetic core-shell polymeric particles

A novel synthetic strategy was developed for the preparation of magnetic core-shell (MCS) particles consisting of hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) cores with hydrophilic chitosan shells and gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles inside the cores via copolymerization of methyl methacrylate from chitosan in the presence of vinyl-coated gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The magnetic core-shell particles were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, particle size and zeta-potential measurements, vibrating sample magnetometry, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The MCS particles were less than 200 nm in diameter with a narrow size distribution (polydispersity = 1.09) and had a good colloidal stability (critical coagulation concentration = 1.2 M NaCl at pH 6.0). Magnetization study of the particles indicated that they exhibited superparamagnetism at room temperature and had a saturation magnetization of 2.7 A m2/kg. The MCS particles were able to form a continuous film on a glass substrate, where magnetic nanoparticles could evenly disperse throughout the film. Thus, these new materials should be extremely useful in various applications.     

Facile fabrication of core-in-shell particles by the slow removal of the core and its use in the encapsulation of metal nanoparticles

Core-in-shell particles with controllable core size have been fabricated from core-shell particles by means of the controlled core-dissolution method. These cores in inorganic shells were employed as scaffolds for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. After dissolution of the cores, metal nanoparticles embedded in cores were encapsulated into the interior of shell, without any damage or change. This article describes a very simple method for deriving core-in-shell particles with controllable core size and encapsulation of nanoparticles into the interior of shell.     

Fabrication of magnetic core@shell Fe oxide@Au nanoparticles for interfacial bioactivity and bio-separation

The immobilization of proteins on gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles and the subsequent recognition of the targeted proteins provide an effective means for the separation of proteins via application of a magnetic filed. A key challenge is the ability to fabricate such nanoparticles with the desired core-shell nanostructure. In this article, we report findings of the fabrication and characterization of gold-coated iron oxide (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) core@shell nanoparticles (Fe oxide@Au) toward novel functional biomaterials. A hetero-interparticle coalescence strategy has been demonstrated for fabricating Fe oxide@Au nanoparticles that exhibit controllable sizes ranging from 5 to 100 nm and high monodispersity. Composition and surface analyses have proven that the resulting nanoparticles consist of the Fe2O3 core and the Au shell. The magnetically active Fe oxide core and thiolate-active Au shell were shown to be viable for exploiting the Au surface protein-binding reactivity for bioassay and the Fe oxide core magnetism for magnetic bioseparation. These findings are entirely new and could form the basis for fabricating magnetic nanoparticles as biomaterials with tunable size, magnetism, and surface binding properties.     

Biphasic synthesis of Au@SiO2 core-shell particles with stepwise ligand exchange

We report the synthesis of well-dispersed core-shell Au@SiO(2) nanoparticles with minimal extraneous silica particle growth. Agglomeration was suppressed through consecutive exchange of the stabilizing ligands on the gold cores from citrate to L-arginine and finally (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane. The result was a vitreophilic, stable gold suspension that could be coated with silica in a biphasic mixture through controlled hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane under L-arginine catalysis. Unwanted condensation of silica particles without gold cores was limited by slowing the transfer across the liquid-liquid interface and reducing the concentration of the L-arginine catalyst. In-situ dynamic light scattering and optical transmission spectroscopy revealed the growth and dispersion states during synthesis. The resulting core-shell particles were characterized via dynamic light scattering, optical spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Their cores were typically 19 nm in diameter, with a narrow size distribution, and could be coated with a silica shell in multiple steps to yield core-shell particles with diameters up to 40 nm. The approach was sufficiently controllable to allow us to target a shell thickness by choosing appropriate precursor concentrations.     

A bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphine-based synthesis of hollow Pt nanospheres

We report herewith the synthesis of hollow Pt nanospheres by using bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphine to selectively remove the Ag cores of Ag-Pt core-shell nanoparticles. Core-shell Ag-Pt nanoparticles were first obtained by the successive reduction method with a discontinuous Pt shell to allow the BSPP passage. Transmission electron microscopy imaging of the core-shell Ag-Pt nanoparticles before and after BSPP dissolution showed little changes in the particle size, indicating that the removal of the Ag cores had occurred isomorphously. The hollow Pt nanospheres, together with the predecessor Ag-Pt core-shell particles of the same size, were transferred from water to toluene and surface modified by dodecylamine in toluene. This allows the catalytic activities of solid and hollow Pt particles in room temperature methanol oxidation reaction to be compared under conditions of identical particle size and the same surface environment. The measured higher specific activity of the Pt hollow nanospheres could then be attributed unambiguously to the larger specific surface area prevalent in the porous hollow structure.     

Magnetite nanoparticles with tunable gold or silver shell

Fe3O4 nanoparticles with size approximately 13 nm have been prepared successfully in aqueous micellar medium at approximately 80 degrees C. To make Fe3O4 nanoparticles resistant to surface poisoning a new route is developed for coating Fe3O4 nanoparticles with noble metals such as gold or silver as shell. The shell thickness of the core-shell particles becomes tunable through the adjustment of the ratio of the constituents. Thus, the route yields well-defined core-shell structures of size from 18 to 30 nm with varying proportion of Fe3O4 to the noble metal precursor salts. These magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman and temperature-dependent magnetic studies.     

交联核壳结构PBA/PS和PBA/PMMA纳米微球的制备与应用

考察了聚丙烯酸丁酯/聚苯乙烯(PBA/PS)以及聚丙烯酸丁酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PBA/PMMA)交联核壳结构纳米高分子微球的制备方法,并对其在尼龙复合材料中的应用进行了初步研究.结果表明,通过交联剂的引入使粒子核层和壳层内部均形成了高度交联的结构,可以限制亲水性较小的聚苯乙烯(PS)壳层向粒子内部迁移的趋势;制备出的微球平均粒径为40~50 nm,粒径分布很窄.采用饥饿态加料方式加入第二单体不仅可以使微球具有较高的产率和凝胶率,而且可以使其具有更理想的核壳结构和更窄的粒径分布.此外,将合成出的PBA/PMMA核壳粒子对尼龙6基体进行复合的结果表明,由于该微球表面与尼龙6基体之间具有较强的界面相互作用且微球具有较大的形变能力,可以在基体中形成良好的分散,在保持材料强度的同时有效地提高了其刚性和韧性.     

Fabrication of bimodal porous silicate with silicalite-1 core/mesoporous shell structures and synthesis of nonspherical carbon and silica nanocases with hollow core/mesoporous shell structures

In this work, an attempt has been made to modify the shape and nanostructure of core-shell materials, which have been usually generated on the basis of amorphous spherical cores. Novel core-shell silicate particles, each of which consists of a silicalite-1 zeolite crystal core and mesoporous shell (ZCMS), were synthesized for the first time. The ZCMS core-shell particles are unique because they are of pseudohexagonal prismatic shape and have hierarchical porosity of both a uniform microporous core and a mesoporous shell coexisting in a particle framework. The nonspherical bimodal porous core-shell particles were then utilized as templates to fabricate a new carbon replica structure. Interestingly, the pore replication process was carried out only through the mesopores in the shell, and not through the micropores due to the narrower micropore size in the core, resulting in nonspherical carbon nanocases with a hollow core and mesoporous shell (HCMS) structure. Nonspherical silica nanocases with HCMS structure were also generated by replication using the carbon nanocases as templates, which are not possible to synthesize through other synthetic methods. Interestingly, the pseudohexagonal prismatic shape of the zeolite crystals was transferred onto the carbon and silica nanocases.     

链霉亲和素-异硫氰酸荧光素偶联核壳型Fe_3O_4/Au纳米晶的合成及性质

采用改进的Polyol合成法,以PEO-PPO-PEO为表面活性剂制备了链霉亲和素-异硫氰酸荧光素偶联的Fe3O4/Au纳米粒子;利用透射电镜和X射线衍射仪分析证实了Fe3O4/Au的核壳型纳米结构,确定了其粒径和分布;采用紫外-可见吸收光谱仪和荧光光谱仪测定了所制备的纳米粒子的光学活性和荧光特性,并采用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量了其磁化率.结果表明,所制备的Fe3O4/Au纳米粒子具有光学活性和荧光特性,以及优异的磁性.