二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸催化剂。以二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸为催化剂,环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,用正交实验法研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,在n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.4,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.8%,带水剂环己烷12 mL,反应时间45 min的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达84.93%。     

钨硅酸的制备及其在催化合成缩酮(醛)中的应用

本文探讨了钨硅酸的制备方法，以合成环己酮1，2-内二醇缩酮为例验证钨硅酸的催化活性，并探讨了合成其它缩酮（醛）的适宜条件，得到的收率分别为：环己酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮85．5％、环己酮乙二醇缩酮89．6％、丁酮乙二醇缩酮79．5％、丁醛乙二醇缩醛89．1％、丁醛1，2丙二醇缩醛81．5％。     

MnSAPO-34催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用气相转移法(VPT)合成了杂原子Mn取代的MnSAPO-34(CHA结构)分子筛.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,Mn2+进入到分子筛的骨架中.将该催化剂用于环己酮和1,2-丙二醇的缩酮反应,n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.1,分水剂环己烷用量为...     

H4 SiW12 O40 /C催化合成丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以丁酮和1，2-丙二醇为原料，活性炭负载硅钨酸（H4SiW12O40／C）为催化剂，催化合成了丁酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮。正交试验筛选出最佳反应条件为：丁酮200mmol，n（丁酮）：n（1，2-丙二醇）=1．0：1．4，ω（催化剂）=1．2％（以反应物质量计），反应时间1h。在此最佳反应条件下，丁酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达71．13％。     

碘催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩醛

研究了单质碘催化环已酮与1，2-丙二醇的缩醛化反应，考察了反应时间、醇酮摩尔比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量等因素对环已酮乙二醇缩醛收率的影响。结果表明，在回流条件下，醇酮摩尔比为1．3，催化剂用量为52mg(约占反应体系总摩尔数的0．007％)，带水剂环己烷用量为8mL，反应40min后缩醛收率可达79．2％。     

磷钨酸镧催化合成缩醛(酮)的研究

以磷钨酸镧为催化剂催化合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛、苯甲醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛及环己酮乙二醇缩酮.较系统研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、催化剂重复使用性能等因素对反应的影响.结果表明:在醛(酮)/二元醇(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇)=1.0:1.5(mol/mol),催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,环己烷为带水剂,在反应温度86～96℃条件下,反应时间2.0h,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛收率为78.5%,苯甲醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛收率为76.1%,环己酮乙二醇缩酮收率为79.5%.     

漆酚缩甲醛钕聚合物催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以环己酮和乙二醇为原料，漆酚缩甲醛钕聚合物为催化剂合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮。实验结果表明：在环己酮100mmol，n(环己酮)：n(乙二醇)=1：1，漆酚缩甲醛钕聚合物3．0g，环己烷7．5mL，回流反应1．0h，目标化合物的收率达74％。     

钛基固体超强酸对环己酮乙二醇缩酮催化反应的特性

合成S042-/TiO2、SO42-/TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)、SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2三种不同的固体超强酸,以环己酮乙二醇缩酮为探针反应,发现550℃下焙烧的SO4 2-/TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)催化活性最好.并以SO42-/TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)为催化剂,考察反应温度、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应物配比和带水剂对缩酮化反应转化率和选择性的影响.结果表明,反应温度为110～125℃、催化剂用量占反应物料总质量的0.5%、环己酮和乙二醇物质的量比为1:1.5、反应时间为1 h、环己烷为带水剂时,环己酮的转化率达95.2%,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的选择性98.7%,催化剂的重复使用效果好.     

硫酸镓催化法合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以环己酮和乙二醇为原料,硫酸镓为催化剂,在微波辐射和无溶剂条件下,合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮．探讨了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、微波功率和辐射时间对产品收率的影响．结果表明,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的最佳合成条件为：n（环己酮）：n（乙二醇）=1：3,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2．0％,微波功率为375W,辐射时间为20min．在此条件下,缩酮收率可达96．3％,说明硫酸镓是一种合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的优良催化剂．     

2-卤乙基-2-(6＇-甲氧基-2＇-萘基)-4-甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷重排合成外消旋体萘普生

以溴化铜或氯化铜为卤化剂，6－甲基氧基－2－丙酰基萘经羰基α－卤化，1，2－丙二醇缩酮化，醋酸锌或氧化锌催化重排和水解等反应合成外消旋体萘生，总收率为85％－90．4％，（以6－甲氧基－2－丙酰基萘计），一锅法重排合成外消旋体萘普生，不需分离中间体，操作简便，收率高，以氯化铜为卤化剂，氯化锌为催化剂的重排合成工艺较佳。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.