碳包覆CaSnO3纳米纤维作为高性能锂离子电池负极材料

采用静电纺丝技术制备出CaSnO3纳米纤维(CaSnO3 NFs)并作为模板,再经表面原位聚合酚醛树脂和碳化处理制得碳包覆CaSnO3纳米纤维(CaSnO3@C NFs)。使用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对材料的物相组成、形貌和微观结构进行了表征,通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗谱研究了碳包覆及碳化温度对CaSnO3 NFs负极材料电化学性能的影响。结果显示,碳包覆改性使CaSnO3 NFs的电化学性能得到较大程度的提高,而且随着碳化温度的升高,CaSnO3@C NFs复合电极的比容量先增加后下降,600℃碳化获得的CaSnO3@C NFs?600复合材料具有最好的电化学性能。在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下,CaSnO3@C NFs?600电极的首圈放电比容量达到1102.2 mAh·g^-1,充放电循环100圈后比容量为548.8 mAh·g^-1,当电流密度提高到2 A·g^-1时,其比容量仍保持在333.5 mAh·g^-1。     

惰性盐辅助合成介孔石墨化碳片及其电容性能

以惰性盐KCl为模板、硝酸镍为金属催化剂镍源、葡萄糖为碳源,通过碳化处理制备了介孔石墨化碳片。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和比表面测试仪对介孔石墨化碳片进行了表征。探讨了碳片形成的机理,采用三电极测试体系研究了介孔石墨化碳片电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,10 g KCl制备的碳片比表面积最大(989 m2·g-1),在6 mol·L-1KOH电解液中,当电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时,比电容达到180 F·g-1;当电流密度达到10 A·g-1时,比电容维持在148 F·g-1,显示了电极具有较好的倍率性能;在10 A·g-1条件下,2 000次循环充放电测试后电容没有发生衰减,展示了在超级电容器方面的应用潜力。     

用于高性能钠离子电容器的高氮掺杂多孔碳纳米纤维的简易合成

选择合适的生物质材料是获得功能碳材料的有效途径之一。通过柠檬酸钾和三聚氰胺一步热解法制备了高氮掺杂多孔碳纳米纤维(NPCF)。在电流密度为0.1和1.0 A·g^-1时,NPCF电极的容量分别为218和140 mAh·g^-1。同时,具有NPCF阳极的钠离子电容器(SIC)在1.0 A·g^-1下表现出优异的倍率性能和超长的使用寿命,可循环超过2 500次。     

熔盐锌热法制备三维多孔碳用于高性能钾离子电池负极材料

采用熔盐锌热法,以蔗糖为前驱体成功制备了三维多孔碳材料,并将其用作钾离子电池负极材料。所制备的三维多孔碳具有大量相互贯通的孔道,有效地缓解了电极在充放电循环过程中的体积效应,提高了电解液对电极的浸润性,缩短了钾离子的扩散路径,从而展现出优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能。三维多孔碳电极在0.5 A·g-1的电流密度下,经过2500次循环后仍展现174.6 mAh·g-1的比容量,甚至在4.4 A·g-1的高倍率下容量仍保持在170 mAh·g-1。     

YF3包覆Li(Li0.22Ni0.17Mn0.61)O2正极材料的性能

富锂层状氧化物作为锂离子电池正极材料具有高比容量优势.采用草酸盐共沉淀法制备Li(Li0.22Ni0.17Mn0.61)O2,并用YF3包覆电极.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱分析(EDS)表征材料结构、观察材料形貌.结果表明,材料颗粒尺寸在100～200 nm范围,YF3包覆不会改变材料结构和形貌.电化学恒流充放电测试表明,YF3包覆Li(Li0.22Ni0.17Mn0.61)O2电极的比容量,尤其倍率比容量明显提高.60 mA·g-1电流密度下包覆电极材料30周循环后其比容量保持在220 mAh·g-1以上,1500 mA·g-1电流密度下其比容量仍可达150 mAh·g-1.电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明,YF3包覆电极电荷转移电阻和扩散阻抗均明显降低,有利于电化学性能改善.     

网格结构SnO2纤维的制备及其储锂性能

采用静电纺丝技术由不同浓度纺丝液制备了SnO_2-PVP纤维,并分别在氩气和空气中煅烧后获得SnO_2纤维和SnO_2-C纤维。物化性能表征表明所合成的SnO_2纤维及SnO_2-C纤维具有特殊的网格结构,存在较多空隙能有效缓冲SnO_2充放电过程中剧烈的体积变化,因而样品具有比SnO_2纳米颗粒更好的储锂性能。SnO_2-C纤维中含有较多的C具有较好的倍率性能,但放电容量较低。SnO_2纤维具有较高的放电容量,同时具有较好的循环稳定性。在电流密度为0.4、0.8、1.6、2.4和4 A·g-1,10次循环后放电容量分别达到1 372、832、685、642和599 mAh·g~(-1),且当电流密度回落至0.4 A·g-1时放电容量可恢复到1 113 mAh·g-1;另外在电流密度1.6 A·g-1下充放电200次后纤维的放电容量仍可达到613 mAh·g~(-1)、库伦效率接近100%,表现出极好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。     

高性能锂离子电池用N掺杂C-Sn交联纳米纤维自支撑电极的理性设计（英文）

为了提高碳材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的比容量,将氮掺杂的碳纤维与高容量的Sn进行复合。通过静电纺丝及低温碳化制备了均匀镶嵌Sn纳米颗粒的氮掺杂碳纳米纤维(C-Sn)复合膜。该复合膜直接用作自支撑锂离子电池负极时表现出较好的电化学性能,Sn的引入显著提高了碳纳米纤维膜的电化学性能。碳均匀包覆Sn后形成的纤维结构可以促进离子电子的传导,并能有效缓冲Sn纳米粒子在循环过程中的体积变化,从而有效抑制粉化与团聚。Sn含量约为25.6%的CSn-2电极具有最高的比容量和更优异的倍率性能。电化学测试结果表明,在2A·g^-1的电流密度下,充放电循环1000圈后充电(放电)比容量为412.7(413.5)mAh·g^-1。密度泛函理论(DFT)计算结果表明,N掺杂非晶碳与锂具有良好的亲和性,有利于将合金化反应之后形成的Sn_xLi_y合金锚定在碳表面,进而缓解了充放电过程中的Sn的体积变化。本文为高性能储锂材料的设计提供了一种切实可行的策略。     

Mn、Mg共掺杂Ni(OH)2的电化学性能

采用缓冲溶液法制备复合掺杂Mn、Mg的正极材料Ni0.82Mn0.18-xMgx(OH)2(x=0.06、0.09、0.12)。采用XRD、XPS和SEM等测试表征材料的晶体结构、锰价态和形貌,采用循环伏安和恒流充放电测试研究Mn、Mg不同掺杂比例对氢氧化镍电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Mn、Mg掺杂样品均为β相,晶粒细化;Ni0.82Mn0.09Mg0.09(OH)2样品具有优异的电极反应可逆性和充放电性能,100 mA·g^-1电流密度下的放电比容量(290.6 mAh·g^-1)优于商用β-Ni(OH)2(281.1 mAh·g^-1);且500 mA·g^-1电流密度下循环30圈后,Ni0.82Mn0.09Mg0.09(OH)2的放电比容量未见衰减,其循环稳定性优于商用β-Ni(OH)2。     

锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12的半固相法制备及碳包覆改性

由半固相法制得锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12,并研究了Li4Ti5O12的碳包覆改性.采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及HRTEM观察和分析产物的相结构与形貌.采用恒流充放电、循环伏安法和交流阻抗技术测试了材料的电化学性质.结果表明,Li4Ti5O12因颗粒团聚电化学性能严重下降,该电极在0.1C和0.5C首周期放电容量分别为121.7和87.6 mAh·g-1;碳包覆Li4Ti5O12/C材料呈球形分布,能抑制颗粒团聚,该电极倍率<0.5C时的放电比容量大于180 mAh·g-1,超过Li4Ti5O12的理论放电比容量(175 mAh·g-1);在1C、5C和10C倍率下,其容量仍保持在136、79.9和58.3 mAh·g-1,碳包覆改性材料具有优异的循环寿命和高倍率性能.     

废弃生物质水葫芦多孔碳用于锂离子和钠离子电池负极的研究

水葫芦作为一种廉价的生物质资源,对其进行物理、化学处理后得到疏松多孔的碳材料。将该碳材料用于锂离子电池负极时,在1000 mA g~(-1)的电流密度下循环100次可逆容量保持在283 mAh g~(-1),即使在10 A g~(-1)的电流密度下,可逆容量仍高达125 mAh g~(-1),表现出较好的倍率性能。用作钠离子电池负极时,在100 mA g~(-1)的电流密度下可逆容量达到145 mAh g~(-1),在1000 mA g~(-1)下循环100次可逆容量依然可以保持在123 mAh g~(-1)。该电极材料优异的电化学性能可归因于其疏松多孔的结构,这有利于活性材料与电解液充分接触,同时为锂/钠离子存储提供更多的位点,并且有利于离子的快速传输。     

基于不同前驱体制备的硬碳负极材料的储锂性能

以聚丙烯腈、石油沥青和花生壳为前驱体,在1200℃下碳化制备三种不同的硬碳材料。通过扫描电子显微、X射线衍射、氮气吸附/脱附测试和拉曼光谱等方法探究不同前驱体所制备的硬碳材料的表面形貌和物相结构。通过恒流充放电测试考察了这三种硬碳负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,花生壳基硬碳的初始放电比容量最高,但首圈库仑效率最低,石油沥青基硬碳的首圈库仑效率最高但是比容量最低,聚丙烯腈基硬碳具有较高的循环比容量和稳定性。     

Sulfur-doped CMK-5 with expanded lattice for high-performance lithium ion batteries

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials are very attractive for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high specific surface areas, open pore structures, and abundant active sites. However, heteroatom-doped porous carbon with very high surface area and large pore volume are highly desirable but still remain a big challenge. Herein, we reported a sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon (CMK-5-S) with nanotubes array structure, ultrahigh specific surface area (1390 m²/g), large pore volume (1.8 cm³/g), bimodal pore size distribution (2.9 and 4.6 nm), and high sulfur content (2.5 at%). The CMK-5-S used as an anode material for LIBs displays high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and highly cycling stability. The initial reversible specific capacity at 0.1 A/g is as high as 1580 mAh/g and simultaneously up to 701 mAh/g at 1 A/g even after 500 cycles. Further analysis reveals that the excellent electrochemical storage performances is attributed to its unique structures as well as the expanded lattice by sulfur-doping.     

Electrospun Hierarchical CaCo2O4 Nanofibers with Excellent Lithium Storage Properties

Hierarchical CaCo₂O₄ nanofibers (denoted as CCO‐NFs) with a unique hierarchical structure have been prepared by a facile electrospinning method and subsequent calcination in air. The as‐prepared CCO‐NFs are composed of well‐defined ultrathin nanoplates that arrange themselves in an oriented manner to form one‐dimensional (1D) hierarchical structures. The controllable formation process and possible formation mechanism are also discussed. Moreover, as a demonstration of the functional properties of such hierarchical architecture, the 1D hierarchical CCO‐NFs were investigated as materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) anode; they not only delivers a high reversible capacity of 650 mAh g^?1 at a current of 100 mA g^?1 and with 99.6 % capacity retention over 60 cycles, but they also show excellent rate capability with respect to counterpart nanoplates‐in‐nanofibers and nanoplates. The high specific surface areas as well as the unique feature of hierarchical structures are probably responsible for the enhanced electrochemical performance. Considering their facile preparation and good lithium storage properties, 1D hierarchical CCO‐NFs will hold promise in practical LIBs.     

长寿命高镍无钴锂离子正极材料的制备

通过调整不同配锂量、不同焙烧温度以及包覆改性对高镍无钴二元材料性能的影响因素进行了研究。对不同原样和其改性后的材料进行了X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析和首次充放电性能和倍率性能、循环性能等电化学性能测试。其中过锂量(质量分数)为5%,焙烧温度为820℃的材料性能优异,其首次放电比容量为171.6 mAh·g^-1,1C和3C的放电比容量分别为147.8、129.8 mAh·g^-1。对材料进行锰化合物(质量分数1.0%)包覆处理后,材料的残碱量下降明显,加工性能优异,倍率性能得到明显改善,1C和3C的放电比容量分别提升为156.5、141.8 mAh·g^-1。2Ah软包电池常温循环830周容量保持率为80%,高温循环345周容量保持率为80%。     

Bismuth Nanoparticles Embedded in Carbon Spheres as Anode Materials for Sodium/Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as an attractive alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for large‐scale commercial applications, because of the abundant terrestrial reserves of sodium. Exporting suitable anode materials is the key to the development of SIBs and LIBs. In this contribution, we report on the fabrication of Bi@C microspheres using aerosol spray pyrolysis technique. When used as SIBs anode materials, the Bi@C microsphere delivered a high capacity of 123.5 mAh g^?1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g^?1. The rate performance is also impressive (specific capacities of 299, 252, 192, 141, and 90 mAh g^?1 are obtained under current densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 A g^?1, respectively). Furthermore, the Bi@C microsphere also proved to be suitable LIB anode materials. The excellent electrochemical performance for both SIBs and LIBs can attributed to the Bi@C microsphere structure with Bi nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in carbon spheres.     

Pushing Up Lithium Storage through Nanostructured Polyazaacene Analogues as Anode

According to the evidence from both theoretical calculations and experimental findings, conjugated ladder polymers containing large π‐conjugated structure, a high number of nitrogen heteroatoms, and a multiring aromatic system, could be an ideal organic anode candidate for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this report, we demonstrated that the nanostructured polyazaacene analogue poly(1,6‐dihydropyrazino[2,3g]quinoxaline‐2,3,8‐triyl‐7‐(2H)‐ylidene‐7,8‐dimethylidene) (PQL) shows high performance as anode materials in LIBs: high capacity (1750 mAh g^?1, 0.05C), good rate performance (303 mAh g^?1, 5C), and excellent cycle life (1000 cycles), especially at high temperature of 50 °C. Our results suggest nanostructured conjugated ladder polymers could be alternative electrode materials for the practical application of LIBs.     

A Self‐Standing and Flexible Electrode of Yolk–Shell CoS2 Spheres Encapsulated with Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Flexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have recently attracted increasing attention with the fast development of bendable electronic systems. Herein, a facile and template‐free solvothermal method is presented for the fabrication of hybrid yolk–shell CoS₂ and nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) sheets. The yolk–shell architecture of CoS₂ encapsulated with NG coating is designed for the dual protection of CoS₂ to address the structural and interfacial stability concerns facing the CoS₂ anode. The as‐prepared composite can be assembled into a film, which can be used as a binder‐free and flexible electrode for LIBs that does not require any carbon black conducting additives or current collectors. When evaluating lithium‐storage properties, such a flexible electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 992 mAh g^?1 in the first reversible discharge capacity at a current rate of 100 mA g^?1 and high reversible capacity of 882 mAh g^?1 after 150 cycles with excellent capacity retention of 89.91 %. Furthermore, a reversible capacity as high as 655 mAh g^?1 is still achieved after 50 cycles even at a high rate of 5 C due to the yolk–shell structure and NG coating, which not only provide short Li‐ion and electron pathways, but also accommodate large volume variation.     

碳布负载的缺氧型Na2Ti3O7纳米带阵列作为高性能柔性钠离子电池负极材料

作为锂离子电池的理想替代品,钠离子电池因具有能源储备丰富、成本低廉等优点而受到人们的广泛关注。柔性便携式电子产品的发展亟需柔性储能器件的研制。因此,发展一种廉价、高性能的柔性钠离子电池负极材料成了科研工作者的共同目标。在此项工作中,我们通过简单的水热合成和热还原法发展了一种以柔性碳布为基底,与缺氧型的Na₂Ti₃O₇纳米带(NTO)构成三维阵列结构的新型柔性钠离子电池负极材料。复合材料(R-NTO/CC)的导电性和活性位点得到提高,电化学性能也大幅提升,在200 mA·cm^-2的电流密度下,实现100 mAh·cm^-2的面积比容量,且经过200次循环后仍保留最初电容值的80%。此外,这种电极还具有优良的倍率性能,当电流密度提高到400 mA·cm^-2时,仍保持69.7 mAh·cm^-2的面积比容量,是未引入氧空位材料的三倍之多。这种三维缺氧的电极材料可有效提高载流子浓度,缩短离子传输通道,从而大幅提升电极的电化学性能。此工作为设计合成高储钠性能的新型的负极材料提供了一种实用有效的策略。     

TiO2@MWNTs纳米复合材料的制备及其储锂性能

以TiOSO4为钛源,多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)为载体,溶剂热法制备了多壁碳纳米管/二氧化钛纳米复合材料(TiO2@MWNTs),并利用XRD,SEM,TEM,N2吸附-脱附和TG-DSC等测试手段对合成产物的结构和形貌进行表征,用恒流充放电测试研究TiO2@MWNTs纳米复合材料的储锂性能.N2吸附-脱附曲线和孔径分布曲线证实TiO2@MWNTs存在多级孔道结构以及较大的比表面积.电化学测试结果表明,与纯TiO2颗粒相比,TiO2@MWNTs纳米复合材料具有更好的容量保持率和倍率性能.在1 C倍率下,复合材料的可逆容量为200 mAh?g-1,循环100圈后容量仍达182 mAh?g-1,即使在10 C大倍率下,容量约为100 mAh?g-1左右.