用荧光熄灭法监测苦参碱氧化苦参碱的血药浓度

用自制ＭＡＡ荧光试剂，对兔体中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱进行２４ｈ监测，检出限分别为１．４１×１０＾－１１ｇ／ｍＬ和４．５×１０＾－１２ｇ／ｍＬ，血中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的肖度在１０＾－９－１０＾－８７ｇ／ｍＬ之间，该法快速，灵敏，效果良好。     

用MAA荧光猝灭法研究苦参碱和氧化苦参碱药物代谢动力学

用乙酸（β－二羟基－α－甲基）乙烯酯（MAA）荧光法对苦参碱1氧化苦参碱在单味药、单体药和复方药中药物代谢这进行了对比研究,有兔的血药浓度计算了苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的药物代谢动力学参数,实验结果提示苦参碱、氧化苦参碱在方药中的吸收代谢较好。     

山豆根中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的胶束毛细管电泳法测定

用胶束毛细管电泳法（MECC）测定山豆根中的苦参碱及氧化苦参碱的含量，以盐酸麻黄碱作内标物，20mmol/L硼砂缓冲溶液（含30mmol/L十二烷基硫酸纳，体积分数40％甲醇）作电解质（pH=9.35），于208nm紫外检测，山豆根提取液中有效成分都获得基线分离；定量分析表明，苦参碱的质量浓度在0．08－0．52g/L、氧化苦参碱质量浓度在0．03－0．44g/L其峰面积与质量浓度呈线性关系（r分别为0．9987和0．9976）；此外，还讨论了不同缓冲液浓度、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）浓度及甲醇含量对2种有效成分迁移行为的影响。     

反相液相色谱法测定苦参中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱

建立反相液相色谱法测定苦参中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱含量的方法。提取溶剂为乙醇,选择C18色谱柱,以甲醇–水–三乙胺溶液(55∶45∶0.2)为流动相,流量为0.8 mL/min,紫外检测器波长为210 nm。苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的质量浓度在10~200 mg/L范围内均与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限分别为0.05,0.1 mg/L。苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的加标回收率分别为98.47%,97.89%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.32%,1.08%(n=6)。该方法操作简便,干扰少,灵敏度高。     

13位取代苦参碱衍生物抗癌活性的定量构效关系研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法计算了13个13位取代苦参碱衍生物的电子结构,研究了化合物结构与抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2抗癌活性的定量构效关系(QSAR).结果表明:(1)13位取代的苦参碱类衍生物的最低空轨道能ELUMO越低,最低空轨道与最高占据轨道的能隙ΔE越小,化合物抗癌活性越高;(2)分子的能量Etotal、面积S以及体积V越大,其极化度P越大,活性越大;(3)分子的油水分配系数logP越大,活性越大,即分子的疏水性增大活性增强.综合得到了显著性较好的QSAR方程:-lgIC50=97.008-11.759ΔE+818.602QC2-2.132×10-4Etotal,可用于预测该类衍生物抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2的活性并进行分子设计.     

新型苦参碱肟酯类化合物的合成

利用生物活性因子拼接法将活性基团肟酯引入植物源活性化合物苦参碱中对其结构进行修饰,以苦参碱为原料,与亚硝酸叔丁酯反应制得关键中间体肟(2);2与苯甲酰氯类化合物经酯化反应合成了8个新型的苦参碱肟酯类化合物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS表征。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定苦豆子及其制剂中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱

建立了用反相高效液相色谱法测定苦豆子及其制剂中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的方法。为苦豆子及其制剂的质量评价提供了一种方法。     

液相微萃取/后萃取-高效液相色谱法测定氧化苦参碱和苦参碱

建立了液相微萃取/后萃取-高效液相色谱法测定中药苦参、复方苦参注射液中氧化苦参碱和苦参碱含量的方法。利用自制的微萃取装置,选择异丙醇为萃取有机溶剂,2.00 mL NaOH(pH9)为供相,HCl(pH4)为接受相,聚丙烯腈纤维的长度为10 cm,搅拌速度为1500 r/min,萃取时间为30 min。萃取完成后,经高效液相色谱仪分析,测得氧化苦参碱和苦参碱线性范围分别为11~437 mg/L和10~433 mg/L;检出限均为1.0mg/L;相对标准偏差分别小于9.4%和6.7%。复方苦参注射液中氧化苦参碱和苦参碱的平均回收率分别为83.0%~116.1%和108.8%~117.8%;苦参药材中氧化苦参碱的平均回收率为104.3%~114.7%。本方法有机溶剂用量少,可有效去除复杂机体的干扰,测得结果满意。     

毛细管电泳高频电导法测定苦参中的苦参碱和氧化苦参碱

建立了用毛细管电泳高频电导法测定苦参药材中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的方法。对电泳介质的种类、浓度、pH值以及操作电压和进样时间对分离检测的影响进行了研究。缓冲液为2.0mmol LNa2HPO4 1.0mmol LH3PO4 体积分数为25%乙醇(pH6.0),分离电压为16.0kV时可实现较好的分离与检测。苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的线性范围为:25.0～1.00×103μg mL(相关系数分别为0 987和0.999);RSD(n=6)分别为:2.1%和0.70%;检出限分别为10.0和5.00μg mL;回收率分别为92.7%～99.1%和100%～102%。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定苦豆子及其制剂中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱

建立了用反相高效液相色谱法测定苦豆子及其制剂中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的方法。色谱条件：ＯＤＳ柱，甲醇－水－三乙胺，φ（甲醇）＝０．５５，φ（三乙胺）＝０．０００２为流动相，紫外检测波长２１５ｍｍ。为苦豆子及共制剂的质量评价提供了一种方法     

LC-MS characterization of efficacy substances in serum of experimental animals treated with Sophora flavescens extracts

Anti-DHBV (duck hepatitis B virus) activity was found in the aqueous extracts of Sophora flavescens Ait. in vivo. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry was applied to characterize the components in duck serum after oral administration of S. flavescens extract. Oxymatrine (1), sophoranol (2), sophoridine (3) and matrine (4) were identified in the serum. Further research on the four compounds was evaluated for their antiviral activity against HBV (hepatitis B virus) in cell culture. The results suggested that oxymatrine, sophoranol and matrine were the efficacy substances for anti-HBV activity in aqueous extracts of S. flavescens Ait.     

Effects of oxymatrine on proliferation and apoptosis in human hepatoma cells

Oxymatrine, a natural quinolizidine alkaloid, has been known having cytotoxic and chemopreventive effects on various cancer cells. To investigate the possible mechanism of oxymatrine's role on cancer cells, in the present study, we examined further the effects of oxymatrine on the growth, proliferation, apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 and p53 gene in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. Our results show that oxymatrine notably inhibits the growth and proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells and it present a dose-dependence and time-dependence manner within definite reacting dose and time. Oxymatrine block SMMC-7721 cells in G2/M and S phase; prevent cells entering into G0/G1 phase. It results in an obvious accumulation of G2/M and S phase cells while decrease of G0/G1 phase cells. Oxymatrine induce apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells and apoptotic rate amount to about 60% after treatment with 1.0 mg/ml oxymatrine for 48 h. We also find that oxymatrine down-regulate expression of bcl-2 gene while up-regulate expression of p53 gene. These results demonstrate that oxymatrine inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells, and suggest that this effect was mediated probably by a significant cell cycle blockage in G2/M and S phase, down-regulation of bcl-2 and up-regulation of p53.     

取代基对N-H…O=C氢键三聚体中氢键强度的影响

使用MP2方法研究了氢键三聚体中N—H…O=C氢键强度, 探讨了氢键受体分子中不同取代基对N—H…O=C氢键强度的影响. 研究表明, 不同取代基对氢键三聚体中N—H…O=C氢键强度的影响是不同的: 取代基为供电子基团, 氢键键长r(H…O)缩短, 氢键强度增强; 取代基为吸电子基团, 氢键键长r(H…O)伸长, 氢键强度减弱. 自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明, N—H…O=C氢键强度越强, 氢键中氢原子的正电荷越多, 氧原子的负电荷越多, 质子供体和受体分子间的电荷转移越多. 供电子基团使N—H…O=C氢键中氧原子的孤对电子n(O)对N—H的反键轨道滓*(N—H)的二阶相互作用稳定化能增加, 吸电子基团使这种二阶相互作用稳定化能减小. 取代基对与其相近的N—H…O=C氢键影响更大.     

取代基对N—H…O＝C氢键三聚体中氢键强度的影响

使用MP2方法研究了氢键三聚体中N-H…O=C氢键强度,探讨了氢键受体分子中不同取代基对N-H…O=C氢键强度的影响.研究表明,不同取代基对氢键三聚体中N-H…O=C氢键强度的影响是不同的:取代基为供电子基团,氢键键长r(H…O)缩短,氢键强度增强;取代基为吸电子基团,氢键键长r(H…O)伸长,氢键强度减弱.自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明,N-H…O=C氢键强度越强,氢键中氢原子的正电荷越多,氧原子的负电荷越多,质子供体和受体分子间的电荷转移越多.供电子基团使N-H…O=C氢键中氧原子的孤对电子n(O)对N-H的反键轨道σ~*(N-H)的二阶相互作用稳定化能增加,吸电子基团使这种二阶相互作用稳定化能减小.取代基对与其相近的N-H…O=C氢键影响更大.     

Extraction and identification of matrine‐type alkaloids from Sophora moorcroftiana using double‐templated molecularly imprinted polymers with HPLC–MS/MS

Double‐templated molecularly imprinted polymers with specific recognition of three matrine‐type alkaloids were prepared using matrine and oxymatrine as the template molecules. An approach based on double‐templated molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was then developed to extract and purify matrine, oxymatrine, and sophocarpine from Sophora moorcroftiana in the Tibetan plateau herbs. The polymers were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Their adsorption characteristics were evaluated using adsorption kinetics, isotherms, selectivity, and recycling experiments. This polymer exhibited excellent molecular recognition ability and good selectivity. The obtained polymers as adsorbent was further used for the determination of three matrine‐type alkaloids coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, the recoveries of three matrines spiked at three concentration levels in samples were 73.25–98.42% (n = 5) with a relative standard deviation less than 6.82%. The limits of detection for the method were 9.23–15.42 μg/kg (S/N = 3). This proposed method was assessed to be an effective method for simultaneous extraction, isolation, and identification of matrine, oxymatrine, and sophocarpine from Sophora moorcroftiana.     

苦参生物碱电喷雾质谱分析

用电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-ITMS)研究了苦参碱和氧化苦参碱一级质谱电离规律和二级质谱裂解规律。实验结果显示,苦参碱和氧化苦参碱电喷雾一级质谱中均易产生聚合及加合离子,二级质谱中易产生环逐步裂解碎片离子,即结构相似的苦参碱和氧化苦参碱具有相似的电喷雾质谱行为。苦参碱的特征碎片为m/z148和150,氧化苦参碱的特征碎片为m/z248([M H-17] )、m/z247([M H-18] )以及m/z148、m/z150。对苦参对照药材的甲醇提取物进行了电喷雾质谱分析,由一级质谱的准分子离子及其二级质谱碎裂信息对各已知组分进行了结构认证。     

Simultaneous determination of matrine, sophoridine and oxymatrine in Sophora flavescens Ait. by high performance liquid chromatography

Following a detailed study, a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) has been developed and validated for analysis of three bioactive alkaloids, matrine, sophoridine and oxymatrine, in Sophora flavescens Ait. HPLC separation of the alkaloids was performed on a Kromasil C(18) column and detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 208 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 40 degrees C. A mobile phase composed of 0.01 mol/L KH(2)PO(4) buffer-methanol-triethylamine in the ratios 94:6:0.01 (v/v) was found to be the most suitable for this separation at a fl ow-rate of 1.0 mL/min and enabled the baseline separation of the three analytes free from interferences with isocratic elution. The analysis time was 24 min per injection. The calibration was linear in the range of 0.2-120.0 micro g/mL for matrine, 0.2-115.2 micro g/mL for sophoridine and 0.2-110.4 micro g/mL for oxymatrine, respectively. For assaying Sophora Flavescens Ait. samples, the relative standard deviations were 2.0% for matrine, 2.8% for sophoridine and 1.8% for oxymatrine analysis. The average recoveries of matrine, sophoridine and oxymatrine were 93.9, 95.3 and 93.5% for the Sophora flavescens Ait. samples, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of matrine, sophoridine and oxymatrine in Sophora Flavescens Ait. samples collected in different habitats.     

层析用硅胶G再生的可行性及方法研究

以分离苦豆子中含有的生物碱为研究手段,讨论废弃的层析用硅胶经再生后重复利用的方法,以氯仿、甲醇为洗脱剂,通过改变两种溶剂的混合比例进行洗脱,硅胶经再生使用后分离得到了苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和其它生物碱的单体,鉴于其它生物碱无标准品,故本论文未加以讨论.苦参碱、氧化苦参碱的得率分别为23.6%,46.2%,其单体通过HPLC检测后,含量都达到了95%以上,因此废弃的层析用硅胶是可以经过再生而重复利用的.