固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中5种抗组胺药物残留

建立了固相萃取/高效液相色谱(SPE/HPLC)测定化妆品中5种抗组胺药物(多西拉敏、曲吡那敏、溴苯那敏、苯海拉明、氯苯沙明)残留的分析方法。试样经三氯乙酸溶液超声提取,PCX柱净化后,以甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲溶液为流动相,经C18柱分离后进行HPLC检测。5种抗组胺药物在5.0～100 mg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,线性系数均大于0.999。在5.0、10.0、25.0 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为92%～108%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.1%～4.2%,检出限为0.5～1.0 mg/L。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好、定量准确。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定枸杞酒中11种PDE-5抑制剂和4种α-受体阻断剂

建立了基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对枸杞酒中11种PDE-5抑制剂和4种α-受体阻断剂的快速筛查方法。样本经1%甲酸-甲醇提取,超声波水浴20 min助提,以Hypersil GOLD C18为分离柱,0.1%甲酸-水/甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,以超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪在多反应监测模式（MRM）下分析。采用该方法,15种违禁药物可以在10 min分析完毕,各组分离子色谱图峰形良好,保留时间在2.21～7.76 min之间。各组分质量浓度在5～100μg/L线性范围内相关系数均大于0.99,检出限为32.5～60.6μg/kg,定量限为97.5～157.5μg/kg,在80、40、20μg/kg三个加标水平下15种违禁药物回收率为78.8%～118.8%,相对标准偏差均小于10%(n=6)。该方法具有操作简便、分析快速、基质干扰小等优点,适用于枸杞酒中多种壮阳类违禁药物的筛查。     

气相色谱-质谱联用测定化妆品中硫酸二甲酯与硫酸二乙酯

建立了同时测定化妆品中硫酸二甲酯和硫酸二乙酯的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法。样品经溶剂提取后采用GC-MS测定,外标法定量。水基类、乳液类、膏霜类、啫喱类和粉类化妆品的方法检出限均为1.5 mg/kg,定量下限均为5.0 mg/kg;蜡基类化妆品的检出限为3.0 mg/kg,定量下限为10.0 mg/kg;油状化妆品的方法检出限为5.0 mg/kg,定量下限为16.0 mg/kg。目标物在0.25~20.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,硫酸二甲酯的平均回收率为83.8%~104.7%,相对标准偏差为2.7%~8.2%;硫酸二乙酯的平均回收率为84.7%~104.8%,相对标准偏差为3.5%~8.7%。方法前处理简单,灵敏度高,可满足水基类、乳液类、膏霜类、啫喱类、粉类和油状化妆品中硫酸二甲酯和硫酸二乙酯的检测要求。     

离子色谱法同时测定化妆品中的铵和6种烷基胺

建立同时测定化妆品中铵和6种烷基胺的离子色谱(IC)分析方法。优化了色谱条件和样品前处理方法,样品经100 mmol/L乙酸-20%(v/v)乙腈溶液浸提,固相萃取(SPE)柱去除阴离子、中和氢离子后进样测定。考察了提取溶液的pH、有机溶剂和共存离子对测定结果的影响。分析方法的线性范围为0.3～15 mg/L,检出限为2.1～7.9 mg/kg,定量限为7～26 mg/kg。采用建立的分析方法测定了清洗、柔肤、祛斑、防晒、烫发、染发和育发类化妆品的加标回收率的范围在80.2%～109.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)的范围为0.5%～3.1%。方法选择性好,灵敏度高,抗干扰强,用于实际样品测定结果准确。     

实时直接分析电离质谱法快速检测化妆品中的3种成分

建立用于化妆品中违禁成分尿刊酸(URA)、准用防晒剂甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯(EHMC)、丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷(B-MDM)快速检测的快速检测方法。 采用实时直接分析(DART)离子源结合四极杆飞行时间质谱(Q-TOF MS),在正离子模式下,采用Full scan扫描方式,将化妆品样品直接置于离子化区域内进行快速定性分析。 在定量分析时,采用筛网模块进样,对实验参数进行系统优化,测得3种成分的定量范围在25～1000 mg/L之间,线性关系良好(r＞0.99),该方法的最低检出限(S/N=3)为7.5 mg/L,最小定量限(S/N=10)为25 mg/L,方法回收率在96.7%～109.2%之间,精密度RSD(n=6)为3.59%～11.23%。 该方法操作简单、快捷高效、环保绿色,可广泛应用于化妆品中化妆品中违禁防晒剂及添加剂的快速筛查与定量检测。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中的呋喃妥因和呋喃唑酮

建立了一种同时检测化妆品中呋喃妥因和呋喃唑酮的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。乳液、膏霜、化妆水、散粉、唇膏类等不同类型的化妆品样品由乙腈-甲醇(体积比为1∶1)混合溶液超声提取后进行HPLC分析。采用Kromasil C18色谱柱,以乙腈-0.4%乙酸溶液(体积比为30∶70)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,采用二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长为365 nm;采用外标法定量,呋喃妥因和呋喃唑酮检测的线性范围为0.1～20 mg/L,相关系数为0.9999,最低检出限为1.2 mg/kg;在0.2,1.0,10.0 mg/L加标水平下,平均回收率为88.0%～104.6%,相对标准偏差为0.5%～4.8%。该方法快速准确,可用于化妆品中呋喃妥因和呋喃唑酮的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中的3种苯扎氯铵同系物

建立了采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)同时检测化妆品中3种苯扎氯铵同系物(n-C12H25-C9H13NCl、n-C14H29-C9H13NCl、n-C16H33-C9H13NCl)的方法。采用含0.5%甲酸的甲醇超声提取样品,以CAPCELL PAK SCX色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离,流动相为40 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%三乙胺,pH 4.0)和乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长260 nm,柱温25 ℃,进样量20 μL。该方法的检出限50.0 mg/kg,定量限200.0 mg/kg,线性范围5.0～3000.0 mg/L,加标回收率92.5%～102.1%,相对标准偏差为3.81%～6.66%。结果表明,该方法快速、准确,能够同时测定化妆品中3种苯扎氯铵同系物。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中7种萘二酚类物质

建立了反相高效液相色谱((RP-HPLC))同时测定化妆品中7种萘二酚类物质的分析方法。膏霜类、乳液类和水类样品用95%(v/v)乙醇提取,粉类样品用95%乙醇-0.1%乙酸(3:2, v/v)溶液提取,经离心、过滤后,用C18柱,以甲醇-0.1%乙酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱分离,使用二极管阵列检测器检测,以保留时间定性,并以紫外吸收光谱图辅助定性,外标法定量。结果表明,萘二酚类物质在线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均不低于0.999 0,方法的定量限(以信噪比为10计)为0.5～1.2 mg/kg,添加水平为5.0～50 mg/kg时回收率为84.0%～102%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%～5.7%。该法前处理简单、回收率高、精密度好,适用于非蜡基类化妆品中萘二酚类物质的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的12种紫外吸收剂

建立了高效液相色谱同时测定化妆品中12种紫外吸收剂含量的方法。样品用甲醇提取,高速离心,过滤,以SB-C8柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)为分离色谱柱,甲醇和0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,以311 nm为检测波长进行定性、定量分析。该方法前处理简单、易操作,12种紫外吸收剂分离效果良好;在1.0～500 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数大于0.9995;方法检出限为0.002～0.1 mg/L;实际样品中的加标回收率为97.4%～107.5%,相对标准偏差为1.54%～4.98%。该方法简便、准确,能够满足化妆品中紫外吸收剂的检测要求。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定动物饲料中的大环内酯类和林可胺类抗生素

建立了动物饲料中竹桃霉素、红霉素、吉他霉素、交沙霉素、罗红霉素、泰乐菌素6种大环内酯和林可霉素、克林霉素2种林可胺抗生素的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)检测方法。饲料样品采用甲醇提取,Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集净化,Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,正离子模式扫描,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。实验结果表明,8种药物在1～100 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系。在空白饲料样品中分别添加1、10和100 μg/kg 3个加标水平的8种药物,其平均回收率为68.6%～95.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.9%～11.8%,定量限均为1 μg/kg。结果表明,该方法简便快速、灵敏度高,适用于动物饲料中大环内酯类和林可胺类抗生素的同时检测。     

Gels from a semifluorinated n-alkane in fluorinated solvents as a probe for intermolecular interactions

Diblock semifluorinated n-alkanes can form aggregates and gels in fluorinated solvents. We have investigated the thermal behavior of binary mixtures comprising F(CF₂)₈(CH₂)₁₆H and fluorinated solvents. The solvents were perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorodecalin, and perfluorotributylamine. The phase diagrams were used to calculate the activity coefficients of the two components and the main excess thermodynamic functions. The solubility and self-assembly behavior of F₈H₁₆ in the fluorinated solvents are related to the different solute–solvent dispersion interactions that depend on the polarizabilities and ionization potentials of the interacting species, and on the structural properties of the solvent.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

用廉价的均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)代替部分或全部3,3,′4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐(BPDA),与3,3′-二羟基联苯胺(HAB)进行缩聚,然后脱水酰亚胺化,制备了5种聚酰亚胺(PI)。TGA分析显示,这些PI的DTG曲线为2个峰,可分为生成聚苯并唑(PBO)再发生PBO分解的2个阶段。PI膜在500℃通N2气1 h,所得聚合物膜的DTG曲线仅为1个峰,表明这些PI可充分转变成PBO。用FTIR表征了PI和PBO膜的结构。PBO的耐热性(用失重5%时的温度Td表示)比PI高100~170℃。PMDA-HAB PBO的耐热性高于BPDA-HABPBO。HAB-BPDA-PMDA PBO的耐热性优于二元PBO。当PMDA在二酐单体中所占的摩尔分数为75%时,PBO的Td高达643℃。     

HCOO在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算了甲酸根(HCOO)在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附. 计算结果表明, 短桥位是最稳定的吸附位置, 计算的几何参数与以前的实验和计算结果吻合. 吸附热顺序为Cu(110)(-116 kJ·mol-1)>Ag(110)(-57 kJ·mol-1)>Au(110)(-27 kJ·mol-1), 与实验上甲酸根的分解温度相一致. 电子态密度分析表明, 吸附热顺序可以用吸附分子与金属d-带之间的Pauli 排斥来关联, 即排斥作用越大, 吸附越弱. 另外还从计算的吸附热数据以及实验上HCOO的分解温度估算了反应CO2+1/2H2→HCOO的活化能, 其大小顺序为Au(110)>Ag(110)>Cu(110).     

Transition metal complexes of the tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmethyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine. Crystal structures of [CuLCl]ClO4 and [NiL(MeCN)2](ClO4)2

The tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmthyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine has been prepared by reaction of 2-aminemethyl pyridine with acrylonitrile, followed by the reduction of the nitrile groups. Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes of the ligand have been prepared and characterized and the crystal structures of the complexes [CuLCl]ClO₄ and [NiL(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂ determined. The copper complex is five coordinate with approximate square pyramidal stereochemistry with the apical position occupied by a primary amine donor. The nickel complex is octahedral with the pyridine nitrogen donor lying trans to an acetonitrile ligand.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

Magnetism of metal-nitroxide compounds involving bis-chelating imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Coordination compounds based on imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals with transition metal ions and trivalent lanthanide ions are described from the perspective of their magnetic properties.For the transition metal compounds the crystal structures show various metal-nitroxide dimensionalities including mononuclear (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) complexes. The mononuclear complexes were isolated with most metal ions of the first transition series. One copper(II) complex shows a copper(II)-radical ferromagnetic coupling (J = +75 cm⁻¹) while for the other mononuclear compounds, mainly with manganese(II), the metal-radical interactions are antiferromagnetic. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional complexes are manganese(II) compounds which show canting effects leading to weak ferromagnetism.For the trivalent lanthanide ions [La(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III)], three series of mononuclear complexes were obtained in which the metal center is bound to four, two or one nitroxide radicals depending on the counter ions and ancillary ligands. Unexpectedly, in most gadolinium(III) complexes, the Gd(III)-radical interactions were found to be antiferromagnetic in contradiction with other foundings and previous theoretical models. In support to the magnetic studies, the optical properties of the lantanide complexes have also been investigated and are briefly described.     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的近红外荧光染料

聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象的发现为解决传统有机荧光分子在高浓度和聚集形态下存在的荧光猝灭问题提供了最佳方案,并实现了在光电器件、化学传感、生物成像和靶向治疗等众多领域的广泛应用。随着对AIE发光机理研究的不断深入,AIE分子体系得到了极大的扩展。其中,一类具有给体-受体结构的AIE分子能够显著降低分子能隙,使发光分子波长从可见光区(400~700 nm)延伸到近红外(NIR)区(700~1700 nm)。由于NIR发光分子在生物医学领域中的独特优势,其已成为目前AIE研究的热点。随着对NIR分子设计及应用的不断探索,附加不同功能且发光波长更长的AIE分子也被开发出来了,并实现了对生物体特定组织的NIR荧光成像、光声成像、光动力治疗和光热治疗等。本文总结了近年来具有AIE性能的NIR荧光分子的结构及其在生物医学领域的相关应用。     

New Complexes of Ditopic Ligands with “d” and/or “s” Metal Ions

Abstract

The asymmetric compartmental macrocycles containing one N₂O₂ or N₃O₂ Schiff base and one O₂O₃ or O₂O₄ crown-ether like chamber, have been obtained by condensation reaction of the formyl precursors 3,3′-(3-oxapentane-1, 5-diyldioxy) bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or 3,3′-(3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) with ethyl ethylenediamine (H₂L_A, H₂L_C), 1,5-diamino-3-azamethylpentane(H₂L_B, H₂L_D), also in the presence of metal ions as templating agents. These ditopic ligands, with dissimilar coordination sites, have been designed and used for the selective complexation of “d” and/or “s” metal ions, respectively into the Schiff base and the crown ether chamber. The selectivity of these processes strongly depends on the size and on the donor atom sets of the sites. The possibility to obtain mononuclear M(L)·nH₂O (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺), Mn(L)(CH₃COO)·nH₂O or Na(L) and hetero-dinuclear MNa(L)(CH₃COO) (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺) and MnNa(L)(CH₃COO)₂·nH₂O complexes has been successfully tested. The ligands and complexes have been characterized by ir, nmr, mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Two of the ligands used for the preparation of the solid samples, i.e., to H₂L_A and H₂L_B, have been employed to study complexation reactions of Co(II) and Na(I) in solution. In order to obtain information on the ligand preorganization effect toward the complex stabilities, a simpler open chain parent compound of H₂L_B (H₂L_E) has been also prepared and studied. FT-IR spectra show that H₂L_A is unable to complex Na⁺ in DMSO while the complexation reactions of Na⁺ by H₂L_B and of Co²⁺ by H₂L_A take place with slow kinetics. Therefore, thermodynamic data have been obtained only for the systems Co²⁺/H₂L_B and Co²⁺/H₂L_E. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for the complexation reactions show that the pre-organization of the donor atoms in H₂L_B does not add a significant contribution to the stabilities of the complexes. Both H₂L_B and H₂L_E form in DMSO 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 = M:L complexes with very similar stabilities and almost equal enthalpies of formation. Physico-chemical studies suggest besides that the slow reaction of Na⁺ with H₂L_B is probably due to the formation of a 1:1 complex where the metal cation, initially occupying the O₃ cage of the ligand, slowly binds also the oxygens of the phenolic moieties. Spectral and calorimetric data on solutions containing H₂L_B and different Co²⁺: Na⁺ ratios evidence that in DMSO no stable heterodinuclear complexes form when the neutral ligand is considered.     

Simple,Selective, and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel（Ⅱ）, Copper （Ⅱ）, Cobalt （Ⅱ）, and Iron （Ⅲ） with a Novel Reagent 2-Pyridine Carboxaldehyde Isonicotinyl Hydrazone

A selective and sensitive reagent of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde isonicotinyl hydrazone（2-PYAINH） was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron in detail. At a pH value of 7.0, 9,0, 9.0, and 8.0, respectively, which greatly increased the selectivity; nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron reacted with 2-PYAINH to form a 1：2 yellow-orange, 1：2 yellow-green, 1：2 yellow and 1：1 yellow complexes, with absorption peaks at 363, 352, 346, and 359 nm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, Beer＇s law was obeyed over the ranges of 0.01-1.4, 0.01-1.5, 0.01-2.7, and 0.01-5.4 mg/L respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell＇s sensitivities were 8.4×10^4, 5.2×10^4, 7.1×10^4, and 3.9×10^4 L·mol^-l·cm^-1, respectively, and 0.00069, 0.0012, 0.00078, and 0.0014 μg·cm2, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The detailed study of various interfering ions to make the method more sensitive was carried out and selective and several real samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.     

Spectrophotometric study of Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin

The reaction of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) with Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) was studied spectrophotometrically and kinetics, equilibrium constants as well as photodecomposition of complexes were determined. It was verified that these metal ions with large radius accelerate the incorporation reaction of zinc into TCPP. On the basis of the mechanism and kinetics of this reaction, a sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Zn(II) has been developed. The molar absorptivity of examined Zn-TCPP complex and Sandell's sensitivity at 423 nm were 3.5×10⁵ M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 18.3 ng cm⁻². The detection limit for the recommended procedure was 1.4×10⁻⁹ M (0.9 ng ml⁻¹) and precision in range 20-100 ng ml⁻¹ not exceeds 2.7% RSD. The proposed method applied for zinc determination in natural waters and nutritional supplement was compared with AAS results and declared value.