Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Two Endemic Species from Turkey: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis cilicica</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis bilgerana</Emphasis>

Aerial parts of Sideritis cilicica Boiss. & Bal. and Sideritis bilgerana P.H. Davis (Lamiaceae) were hydrodistilled to obtain essential oils that were then analyzed by GC and GC/MS. β-Pinene (39%), α-pinene (28%), and β-phellandrene (20%) were the main components in the oil of S. cilicica, while β-pinene (48%), and α-pinene (32%) were the major constituents in the oil of S. bilgerana. The antimicrobial activities of the oils were evaluated by using the microdilution broth method. Both of the oils showed good inhibitory effects on C. albicans. __________ Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 559–561, November–December, 2005.     

Composition of essential oils from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvia anatolica</Emphasis>, a new species endemic from Turkey

The component composition of essential oils produced by steam distillation from flower heads, leaves, and stems of Salvia anatolica (Lamiaceae), a recently described new species endemic from Turkey, was studied by GC/FID and GC/MS. A total of 127 volatile components representing 96% of the oil was identified in essential oil from flower heads and leaves. It was found that the principal oil components of flower heads and leaves were α-pinene (10.9%), β-pinene (6.7%), α-copaene (6.3%), heptacosane (6.2%), and hexadecanoic acid (5.0%). A total of 109 volatile compounds representing 87.9% of the oil was characterized in essential oil isolated from stems. The principal oil components of stems were identified as hexadecanoic acid (27.2%), tetradecanoic acid (15.2%), dodecanoic acid (5.5%), and α-copaene (5.0%). __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 552–555, November–December, 2007.     

Chemical composition of the resin essential oil of Canarium album from Vietnam

The composition of the essential oil obtained from the resin of Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch, Burseraceae, growing in Vietnam, was studied by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-nine compounds representing 95.2% of the oil were identified. Monoterpenoids made up 93.2% of the oil, with β-pinene (33.3%), α-terpinene (19.4%), γ-terpinene (14.1%), and terpinen-4-ol (11.9%) as the main components. Sesquiterpenoids made up 2.0% of the oil, and the content of each individual was below 0.5% of the oil. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 421–422, September–October, 2006.     

Essential oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laurus nobilis</Emphasis> from Montenegro

Steam distilled oil from the shoots, separated leaves, and stem, as well as from the flower of laurel (Laurus nobilis), grown in Montenegro, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yield of essential oil was as follow: 1.4% in young shoots, 1.5% in the separated leaves, and 0.7% in separated stems. The main constituents of all investigated oils were 1,8-cineole, methyleugenol, and α-terpinyl acetate. Besides, α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, and linalool were also present. It was interesting and important for commercial samples of laurel essential oil that there was no significant difference among the essential oil obtained from young shoots and those obtained from leaves and stem. The main constituents of the flower oil were 1,8-cineole (15.7%), β-caryophyllene (9.5%), γ-muurolene (7.1%), α-terpinyl acetate (6.5%), and methyleugenol (3.9%). Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 337–339, July–August, 2007.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Ferula latisecta and Mozaffariania insignis from Iran

The hydrodistilled oils from the aerial parts of Ferula latisecta and Mozaffariania insignis, which is endemic to Iran, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. (Z)-Ocimenone (32.4%), (E)-ocimenone (20.3%), and cis-pinocarvone (11.4%) were the main components among the 22 constituents characterized in the oil of F. latisecta, representing 87.7% of the total components detected. Twenty-five compounds were identified in the oil of M. insignis, representing 99.0% of the total oil, with octyl acetate (41.1%), β-pinene (30.3%), and α-pinene (23.9%) as the main constituents. The essential oils were examined for their potential antimicrobial activities. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 561–563, November–December, 2006.     

The volatile constituents of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dracocephalum kotschyi</Emphasis> oils

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Dracocephalum kotschyi (Lamiaceae) aerial parts, grown in Iran and obtained from three different methods, were determined by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-seven compounds (93.3%) in the hydrodistillate oil, 55 compounds (94.2%) in the steam distillate oil, and 34 compounds (98.4%) in the hydrolate were identified. The major compounds in the hydrodistillate oil were α-pinene (12.1%), methyl geranate (11.2%), β-ocimene (8.6%), and limonene (7.2%). α-Pinene (15%), methyl geranate (14.5%), limonene (11.2%), and β-ocimene (8.4%) were the most abundant components in the steam distillate oil. The percentages of geraniol (13%), trans-verbenol (11.6%), and terpinen-4-ol (11.2%) were more than other constituents in the hydrolate. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 35–37, January–February, 2007.     

Chemical variation in leaf oils of Pistacia chinensis from five locations in China

Hydrodistilled leaf oils of Pistacia chinensis Bunge from five locations in China were analyzed using GC/MS. A total of 58 compounds was identified in the oils, and a relatively high variation in their contents was found. The major compounds include β-phellandrene (0.54–53.86%), α-pinene (4.74–54.44%), β-pinene (0.49–42.90%), caryophyllene (5.64–20.01%), cis-ocimene (tr−43.93%), eudesmadiene (0–15.06%), and camphene (tr−20.57%). Cluster analysis classified the leaf oils into two chemotypes: one rich in α-pinene and β-pinene, and the other rich in β-phellandrene. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 341–343, July–August, 2006.     

Essential Oil Composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nepeta involucrata</Emphasis> from Iran

The essential oil of Nepeta involucrata (Bunge) Bornm. (Lamiaceae) obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts during the flowering stage was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-eight compounds representing 97.2% of total oil were identified. The main compounds of the oil were 1,8-cineol (23.1%), germacrene-D (15.1%), and β-pinene (12.2%). No traces of nepetalactone isomers were found as oil constituents. __________ Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 562–564, November–December, 2005.     

Analysis of Essential Oil from the Needles of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus pinaster</Emphasis> Growing in Algeria

The needle oil of the Algerian maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) growing in natural habitats in Sidi Feradj (Algiers region) was obtained by hydrodistillation in 0.3% yield and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. More than 46 compounds amounting to 65.2% of the total oil were identified. The main components were β-caryophyllene (26.6%), allo-aromadendrene (12.5%), and α-humulene (4.3%). __________ Published in Kimiya Prirodnikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 445–447, September–October, 2005.     

Essential oil composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Santolina etrusca</Emphasis> from Italy

The essential oil composition of aerial parts of Santolina etrusca Marchi & D’Amato from Italy was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-nine compounds of oil were identified representing 97.1% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were viridiflorol (17.9%), terpinen-4-ol (14.4%), myrcene (11.8%), β-pinene (9.9%), and cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene (9.9%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the GC/MS determination of the essential oil composition of S. etrusca. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 38–39, January–February, 2007.     

Composition of the essential oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stachys acerosa</Emphasis> growing in central Iran

The essential oil of aerial parts of Stachys acerosa, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and grows in central Iran, was obtained by a hydrodistileation method and analyzed by GC and GC-MS apparatus. Fourteen compounds representing 98.8% of the oil were identified. Among them N-methylisatin (30%), α-pinene (25%), sabinene (12.3%), and 2-hydroxyacetophenone (11.2%) were the major constituents of the oil, which was obtained in 0.1% yield. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 32–34, January–February, 2007.     

An investigation of the component composition of the essential oil of Monarda fistulosa

The composition of the essential oil of wild bergamot bee balm introduced into the Krasnodarsk Krai has been analyzed by chromatomass spectrometry. The essential oil contains 34 components of which the main ones are α-pinene (3.5%), β-pinene (2.9%), α-terpinene (1.7%), p-cymene (32.5), an aliphatic aldehyde (6.3%), sabinene hydrate (1.9%), β-caryophyllene (1.1%), the methyl ether of carvacrol (5.5%), citronellyl acetate (1.6%), thymol (12.6%), and carvacrol (24.0%). The compounds were identified on the basis of their mass-spectrometric characteristics and arithmetical retention indices. A. N. Severtsov Institute of Animal Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Drugs, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, pp. 646–649, September–October, 1989.     

Study of the essential oil composition of Pinus sylvestris from Turkey

The needle oils of Pinus sylvestris L. were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed some qualitative and quantitative variations. Forty-three components were identified in the oils of P. sylvestris. All the samples of essential oils contained α-pinene, camphene, and β-pinene as major constituents. Chemical variations of P. sylvestris samples were discussed. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 22–25, January–February, 2006.     

Chemical variability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia herba-alba</Emphasis> Asso essential oils from East Morocco

Chemical compositions of 16 Artemisia herba-alba oil samples harvested in eight East Moroccan locations were investigated by GC and GC/MS. Chemical variability of the A. herba-alba oils is also discussed using statistical analysis. Detailed analysis of the essential oils led to the identification of 52 components amounting to 80.5–98.6 % of the total oil. The investigated chemical compositions showed significant qualitative and quantitative differences. According to their major components (camphor, chrysanthenone, and α- and β-thujone), three main groups of essential oils were found. This study also found regional specificity of the major components.     

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bunium elegans</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bunium caroides</Emphasis>

Analyses of the essential oils of Bunium elegans (Fenzl) Freyn and B. caroides (Boiss.) Hausskn. ex Bornm., using GC, GC/MS, and¹³ C-NMR spectroscopy resulted in identification of their chemical constituents. The oils of both species contain mainly the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons germacrene-D and E-caryophyllene, which amounted to 24.1% and 38% for B. elegans and 22.1% and 26.6% for B. caroides respectively. The oil of B. caroides contained the monoterpenes α-pinene and Z-β-ocimene in 4.1 and 5.9% respectively, while traces of monoterpenes were detected for B. elegans. On the other hand, in B. caroides the phenylpropanoid derivatives asaricin (7.5%) and dillapiole (10.2%) were among the major constituents. __________ Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 335–336, July–August, 2005.     

Volatile constituents of flowers and leaves of Anthemis hyalina

The chemical composition of the essential oils of the flowers and leaves of Anthemis hyalina were analyzed by GC and GC-MS for the first time. The oils were found to contain seventy-two components. cis-Chrysanthenyl acetate (14.9% and 17.8%), camphor (11.6% and 1.7%), terpinen-4-ol (8.3% and 1.2%), germacrene-D (5.1% and 2.1%), β-caryophyllene (4.1% and 5.4%), myrcene (3.6% and 16.9%), bicyclogermacrene (3.5% and 0.9%), α-pinene (2.3% and 4.1%), cis-β-ocimene (2.1% and 4.3%) and isospathulenol (0.4% and 4.3%) were found to be the major constituents of the oils of flowers and leaves respectively. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 428–429, September–October, 2006.     

Essential Oil Composition of Four <Emphasis Type="Italic">Achillea</Emphasis> Species from the Balkans and Its Chemotaxonomic Significance

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Achillea clavennae L., Achillea holosericea Sibth. & Sm., Achillea lingulata W. & K., and Achillea millefolium L. from the Balkans was determined by GC and GC/MS analyses. The main components were 1,8-cineole in A. holosericea, camphor in A. clavennae, β-pinene in A. millefolium, and τ-cadinol in A. lingulata. A detailed chemotaxonomic discussion is presented. __________ Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 555–558, November–December, 2005.     

Comparison of the components of the essential oils from leaves and fruits of Grammosciadium platycarpum

The composition of the hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from dried leaves and fruits of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn. were determined by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-five compounds (87.0%) and sixteen constituents (96.2%) were identified in the leaf and fruit oils, respectively. Linalool (26.1 and 53.9%), (E,E)-α-farnesene (24.1 and 20.4% ) and (Z)-β-santalol (10.6 and 10.9%) were the major components in the leaf and fruit oils. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 559–560, November–December, 2006.     

Essential oil composition of Nepeta satureioides from Iran

The essential oil of Nepeta satureioides Boiss. from Iran was isolated by hydrodistillation in yield of 0.06% (w/w). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-five compounds accounting for 97.4% of the total oil were identified. The major components were linalool (23.8%), (Z,E)-farnesol (14.7%), linalyl acetate (11.1%), β-caryophyllene (6.6%), lavandulol acetate (6.6%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4%), and (Z)-β-farnesene (3.4%). Oxygenated terpenoids were the main group of compounds. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 144–145, March–April, 2006.     

Composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carlina acanthifolia</Emphasis> Root Essential Oil

The root of Carlina acanthifolia All. (Asteraceae) contained 1.0% of essential oil (expressed in g per 100 g of dried plant material). Using GC and GC/MS, nine components were identified (100% of total oil). The structure of benzyl 2-furylacetylene (carlina oxide), which is the principal component of the oil (91.5%), was spectrometrically identified. __________ Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 331–332, July–August, 2005.