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1.
基于第一性原理密度泛函理论计算了LiFePO4和LiFe1-xMoxPO4(x=0.005,0.01,0.015,0.02,和0.025)的电子结构和锂离子扩散能垒。结果显示掺杂后的LiFe0.99Mo0.01PO4样品具有最大的(101)晶面间距,由此可知LiFe0.99Mo0.01PO4沿[101]晶向具有最宽的锂离子扩散通道。未掺杂的LiFePO4的锂离子扩散能垒为4.289eV,而掺杂后LiFe0.99Mo0.01PO4降为4.274eV,经过计算得出掺杂样品LiFe0.99Mo0.01PO4的锂离子扩散系数增为未掺杂LiFePO4的1.79倍,表明Mo掺杂有利于改善LiFePO4的锂离子扩散能力。态密度图显示,掺杂Mo后导带底附近的峰强度增强,对LiFePO4电子导电性能的提高是有利的。因此,掺杂Mo有益于提高LiFePO4的锂离子扩散能力和电子导电能力。结合我们的实验结果比较得知,在磷酸铁锂性能的改善上,相比电子导电能力,锂离子扩散能力的提高起到了更重要的作用。  相似文献   

2.
基于第一性原理密度泛函理论计算了LiFePO4和LiFe1-xMoxPO4(x=0.005,0.01,0.015,0.02,和0.025)的电子结构和锂离子扩散能垒。结果显示掺杂后的LiFe0.99Mo0.01PO4样品具有最大的(101)晶面间距,由此可知LiFe0.99Mo0.01PO4沿[101]晶向具有最宽的锂离子扩散通道。未掺杂的LiFePO4的锂离子扩散能垒为4.289 eV,而掺杂后LiFe0.99Mo0.01PO4降为4.274 eV,经过计算得出掺杂样品LiFe0.99Mo0.01PO4的锂离子扩散系数增为未掺杂LiFePO4的1.79倍,表明Mo掺杂有利于改善LiFePO4的锂离子扩散能力。态密度图显示,掺杂Mo后导带底附近的峰强度增强,对LiFePO4电子导电性能的提高是有利的。因此,掺杂Mo有益于提高LiFePO4的锂离子扩散能力和电子导电能力。结合我们的实验结果比较得知,在磷酸铁锂性能的改善上,相比电子导电能力,锂离子扩散能力的提高起到了更重要的作用。  相似文献   

3.
近年来,低维无铅金属卤化物由于其独特的光学性质、低毒性和优异的环境稳定性等优点受到了广泛关注。采用水热法成功制备Cs2ZnCl4∶Ce3+、Cs2ZnCl4∶Mn2+以及Cs2ZnCl4∶Ce3+,Mn2+等微米晶,并利用X射线衍射仪、荧光光谱仪等表征手段对其物相和发光特性进行了系统性研究。研究结果表明,Cs2ZnCl4微米晶为正交相零维结构,其发射光谱依赖于掺杂离子的激发波长,例如,Ce3+离子掺杂的Cs2ZnCl4微米晶在254nm的激发条件下,其发射光谱峰位位于350nm,对应于Ce3+离子4f-5d的跃迁;Mn2+离子掺杂的Cs2ZnCl4微米晶在361nm的激发条件...  相似文献   

4.
深入理解辐照条件下氢同位素与CO2反应的微观机制,可为聚变堆氘氚燃料循环工艺的优化设计提供数据支撑。基于此,采用第一性原理计算研究了等离子体放电条件下H2和CO2的微观反应机制,研究了不同温度和氢同位素效应对反应过程的影响。通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)算法结合反应过渡态获得4条初始反应路径,并对比研究了生成产物CH4及CH3OH的2条路径在热力学上的容易程度,以及不同氢同位素对各个反应的影响。研究发现,氚的自发衰变或等离子体中的高能电子都会诱导氢同位素与CO2发生反应,形成CO、H2O、CH4及CH3OH等产物;在高能电子诱导CO2的离解后,由4条初始反应路径组成的复杂反应可以自持发生,且该复杂反应中存在2种倾向;升高反应温度对CO2转化为有机物(CH4和CH3OH)具有一定的促进作用。  相似文献   

5.
采用固相球磨法制备了K+掺杂双钙钛矿Cs2AgInCl6纳米材料,该方法无需配体辅助,绿色环保。通过X射线衍射谱和拉曼光谱对晶体结构进行研究,通过激发光谱、发射光谱和时间分辨光谱对其发光性能进行研究。结果表明,Cs2AgInCl6为立方晶体,属于Fm3m空间群,由于宇称禁戒跃迁,其荧光量子产率(PLQY)低,小于0.1%。低于60%的K+掺杂主要取代Ag+的位置,引起Cs2AgInCl6的晶格膨胀,消除了晶格结构的反演对称性,打破了宇称禁戒跃迁,掺杂后Cs2AgInCl6的光致发光强度显著增强。K+的最佳掺杂比例为40%,Cs2Ag0.6K0.4InCl6发出中心波长为640 nm,半高宽为180 nm,平均荧光寿命达到29.2 ns,PLQY达到10.5%。当K+掺杂比例超过60%,K+开始取代Cs+的位置,产物发生相变,出现立方相的Cs2-xK1+x-yAgyInCl6和单斜相的Cs2-xK1+xInCl6产物,这些产物由于强电子-声子耦合,非辐射复合占据主导地位。  相似文献   

6.
采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了Au和I单掺杂及共掺杂双钙钛矿Cs2NaBiCl6的电子结构和光学性质。结果表明,当Au以0.25的浓度掺杂Cs2NaBiCl6中的Na时,掺杂结构的带隙低至1.86 eV,下降最显著。I单掺杂结构的带隙随掺杂浓度的增加而减小。相比掺杂前,各种浓度Au和I单掺杂结构的吸收光谱都发生了红移。Au和I的共掺杂导致带隙降低。其中Au和I在Cs2NaBiCl6晶体内均匀相邻位置时,共掺结构的带隙最小,在400~700 nm可见光区的光吸收能力最强,对可见光的利用率最高。  相似文献   

7.
钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)成为近几年来迅速发展的新型太阳能电池,其中将SnO2纳米粒子层用作电子传输层(ETL)的钙钛矿太阳能电池器件得到了广泛的关注。SnO2有着更低的制备温度,使其具备应用于柔性器件的潜力,但与钙钛矿层能级不匹配等问题限制着其发展。而在界面处加入钝化层,尤其是表面卤化的方法或可解决这一问题。本文综合研究了SnO2表面卤化对钙钛矿太阳能电池光伏性能的影响,选用四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)和四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)三种钝化材料对SnO2表面进行钝化处理,并对钝化材料溶液进行了浓度梯度研究。通过材料形貌、结构和光学性能表征以及电池器件性能测试分析等方法,证明了SnO2表面卤化可提高钙钛矿层的质量和PSCs光伏性能,并从器件内部电荷传输动力学等角度解释了器件性能改善的原因。为进一步说明其性能改善的机理,采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法对材料表面性质进行了深入研究,从能量、结构、电荷密度、态密度、功函数等角度解释了表面卤化提高SnO2/钙钛矿界面处电子传输特性的原因。实验和理论计算均表明TBAC对于SnO2具有较好的钝化效果,并随着溶液浓度的提升钝化作用越明显。SnO2表面卤化作用的深入研究不仅对提高电池器件性能具有实际意义,还能够帮助理解太阳能电池界面现象,为界面改性提供新的研究思路。  相似文献   

8.
基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理和平板模型构造了最稳定的O2/CaO(001)表面,通过优化Se和SeO2在此表面可能的初始吸附结构得到最佳吸附构型,分析了Se原子在O2/CaO(001)表面向SeO2的转化。结果表明,Se原子在O2/CaO(001)表面的稳定吸附构型主要有两种,即O-Se-O和O-O-Se基团,其中,O-O-Se基团的Se终端具有一定化学活性;Se在O2/CaO(001)表面向SeO2转化所需反应能垒小于均相条件下生成SeO2所需反应能垒,表明CaO不仅作为吸附剂,也能促进Se向SeO2的转化;SeO2分子在O2/CaO(001)表面发生化学吸附时,吸附基底的部分价电子转移至SeO2分子轨道中。  相似文献   

9.
基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,通过计算表面能确定La Fe O_3(010)表面为最稳定的吸附表面,研究了H_2分子在La Fe O_3(010)表面的吸附性质。La Fe O_3(010)表面存在La O和Fe O_2两种终止表面,但吸附主要发生在Fe O_2终止表面,由于La Fe O_3(010)表面弛豫的影响,使得凹凸不平的表面层增加了表面原子与H原子的接触面积,表面晶胞的纵向体积增加约2.5%,有利于H原子向晶体内扩散。研究发现,H_2分子在La Fe O_3(010)表面主要存在3种化学吸附方式:第一种吸附发生在O-O桥位,2个H原子分别吸附在2个O原子上,形成2个-OH基,这是最佳吸附位置,此时H原子与表面O原子的作用主要是H1s与O_2p轨道杂化作用的结果,H-O之间为典型的共价键。H_2分子的解离能垒为1.542 e V,说明表面需要一定的热条件,H_2分子才会发生解离吸附;第二种吸附发生在Fe-O桥位,1个H原子吸附在O原子上形成1个-OH基,另一个H原子吸附在Fe原子上形成金属键;第三种吸附发生在O顶位,2个H原子吸附在同一个O原子上,形成H_2O分子,此时H_2O分子与表面形成物理吸附,H_2O分子逃离表面后容易形成氧空位。此外,H_2分子在La Fe O_3(010)表面还可以发生物理吸附。  相似文献   

10.
基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,通过计算表面能确定LaFeO3(010)表面为最稳定的吸附表面,研究了H2分子在LaFeO3(010)表面的吸附性质。LaFeO3(010)表面存在LaO和FeO2两种终止表面,但吸附主要发生在FeO2终止表面,由于LaFeO3(010)表面弛豫的影响,使得凹凸不平的表面层增加了表面原子与H原子的接触面积,表面晶胞的纵向体积增加约2.5%,有利于H原子向晶体内扩散。研究发现,H2分子在LaFeO3(010)表面主要存在3种化学吸附方式:第一种吸附发生在O-O桥位,2个H原子分别吸附在2个O原子上,形成2个-OH基,这是最佳吸附位置,此时H原子与表面O原子的作用主要是H1s与O2p轨道杂化作用的结果,H-O之间为典型的共价键。H2分子的解离能垒为1.542 eV,说明表面需要一定的热条件,H2分子才会发生解离吸附;第二种吸附发生在Fe-O桥位,1个H原子吸附在O原子上形成1个-OH基,另一个H原子吸附在Fe原子上形成金属键;第三种吸附发生在O顶位,2个H原子吸附在同一个O原子上,形成H2O分子,此时H2O分子与表面形成物理吸附,H2O分子逃离表面后容易形成氧空位。此外,H2分子在LaFeO3(010)表面还可以发生物理吸附。  相似文献   

11.
Halide base perovskite LiCdX3 (X = F, Cl) is tested by CASTEP (Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package) based on density function theory (DFT). The presented discussion is to explore the structural, electronic, and optical properties of LiCdX3 (X = F, Cl). The calculated values of the lattice parameter are found to be 3.8 Å and 5.27 Å of LiCdF3 and LiCdCl3 respectively. The ideal structure of LiCdX3 (X = F, Cl) is cubic and dynamically stable. Electronic properties show that materials are semiconductors. The results from band structure are further evaluated by the total and partial density of states. The partial and total density of states confirms the degree of localization of electrons. In optical properties, the highest absorption coefficient is observed in LiCdCl3. The material is half metallic and has a narrow indirect band gap which may be used in photovoltaic applications.  相似文献   

12.
    
First-principles calculations within density functional theory were performed on a series of halide perovskite compounds ABX3(A: Cs or Rb; B:Pb or Sn). Their electronic structure, lattice dynamics, and dielectric properties were studied in relationship with the change in atom species at each one of the three inequivalent crystallographic sites, to explain the origin of these properties. Thus, the variation of the bandgap with the overlap between the B cation lone pair and the electronic states of halide atoms, as well as with the distortion of the BX6 octahedra network is discussed. It is shown that the vibrational modes, phonon frequencies, atomic displacements, and the possible ferroelectric instability in these compounds are dependent on masses of atoms, volume of AX12 polyhedron, as well as on streoactivity of Pb lone pair. Also, the Born effective charges, dielectric constant, spontaneous polarization, and infrared spectra are calculated. The relation between these dielectric properties and the ions dynamics is discussed.  相似文献   

13.
    
A range of solution-processed organic and hybrid organic−inorganic solar cells, such as dye-sensitized and bulk heterojunction organic solar cells have been intensely developed recently. TiO2 is widely employed as electron transporting material in nanostructured TiO2 perovskite-sensitized solar cells and semiconductor in dye-sensitized solar cells. Understanding the optical and electronic mechanisms that govern charge separation, transport and recombination in these devices will enhance their current conversion efficiencies under illumination to sunlight. In this work, density functional theory with Perdew-Burke Ernzerhof (PBE) functional approach was used to explore the optical and electronic properties of three modeled TiO2 brookite clusters, (TiO2)n=5,8,68. The simulated optical absorption spectra for (TiO2)5 and (TiO2)8 clusters show excitation around 200–400 nm, with (TiO2)8 cluster showing higher absorbance than the corresponding (TiO2)5 cluster. The density of states and the projected density of states of the clusters were computed using Grid-base Projector Augmented Wave (GPAW) and PBE exchange correlation functional in a bid to further understand their electronic structure. The density of states spectra reveal surface valence and conduction bands separated by a band gap of 1.10, 2.31, and 1.37 eV for (TiO2)5, (TiO2)8, and (TiO2)68 clusters, respectively. Adsorption of croconate dyes onto the cluster shifted the absorption peaks to higher wavelengths.  相似文献   

14.
15.
    
Based on the density functional theory (DFT), the lattice constants and atomic positions of BiOX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) species have been optimized, and the electronic and optical properties of the relaxed species have been calculated, with Bi 5d states considered or not. Relaxation generally results in the shrinkage in a and the expansion of c. Relaxed BiOCl, BiOBr, and BiOI present indirect band gaps, whereas BiOF exhibits a direct or somewhat indirect band‐gap feature corresponding to the relaxation and calculation with the Bi 5d states or not. The bottom of the conduction band is quite flat for relaxed BiOI, and apparently flat in BiOBr, and shows observable flatness in BiOCl as well when considering the Bi 5d states. The top of the valence band is rather even as well for some species. The obtained maximum gaps for relaxed BiOF, BiOCl, BiOBr, and BiOI are 3.34, 2.92, 2.65, and 1.75 eV, respectively. The density peak of X np states in the valence band shifts toward the valence band maximum with the increasing X atomic number. The bandwidths, atomic charges, bond orders, and orbital density have also been investigated along with some optical properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009  相似文献   

16.
    
The structural stability, elastic, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric characteristics of anti-perovskites Na3XO (X = Cu, Ag) have been studied using density functional theory (DFT). The computed formation energy suggests these materials' potential synthesis and thermal stability. The structural and elastic properties of Na3CuO and Na3AgO anti-perovskite compounds were analyzed using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) generalized gradient potential approximation. The electronic and thermoelectric properties are calculated using the TB-mBJ approximation. The materials are identified as direct narrow band gap semiconductors with band gaps of 0.65 and 0.43 eV. The analysis of two-dimensional charge density contours indicates that Na3CuO and Na3AgO have a mixed bonding character, as validated by the investigation of electron charge density. We analyzed the optical properties of Na3CuO and Na3AgO, including dielectric function, refractive index, absorbance, optical reflectivity, and energy loss, using photon energy up to 6 eV. The investigated thermoelectric characteristics demonstrate figure of merit (ZT) values of 0.58 and 0.56 at room temperature. Consequently, the analyzed anti-perovskites might address waste heat management requirements and sustainable energy solutions.  相似文献   

17.
历晶 《分子科学学报》2007,23(2):146-148
采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)的水平上对两种反式-双(二甲基苯膦)铂配合物的几何构型进行优化,在获得稳定构型基础上,利用TD-B3LYP方法得到体系的UV-Vis吸收光谱,并用有限场(FF/B3LYP)方法探讨体系的二阶非线性光学性质(NLO).结果表明,此类铂配合物具有较大的二阶极化率,以及在可见光范围内透明等优点,是具有很好应用前景的非线性光学材料.  相似文献   

18.
A number of compounds including thiobarbituric acid derivative-based acceptor unit and diverse donor moieties along with two types of π-conjugated bridges have been constructed to aid in the design of the superior nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. The effect of varying the donor and bridge parts of this donor-bridge-acceptor system was analyzed in terms of structural and opto-electronic parameters such as bond length alternation and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra. Various functionals with aug-cc-pVDZ basis set including B3LYP, PBE0, PBE38, BMK, CAM-B3LYP, and ωB97XD were employed to calculate the static and dynamic first-hyperpolarizabilities, and also the linear polarizabilities. Furthermore, the variation of the static first-hyperpolarizabilities has been explained satisfactorily in the light of the sum-over-states method and two-level model. The comprehensive study indicates that the coplanar compound D-5 with the low electronic absorption energy, strongest oscillator strength paired with the largest ground, and excited state dipole moment difference generates a dramatical increase in its static and dynamic first-hyperpolarizabilities, which would be the most worthwhile target for development as the NLO-phores.  相似文献   

19.
Well-defined nanobelts with strong fluorescence were fabricated from a perylene tetracarboxylic diimide molecule modified with specific side-chain substitution. The new perylene diimide was characterised by 1H, 13C NMR, mass and IR spectral techniques. The photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated by UV–vis absorption, fluorescence, differential scanning calorimetry and cyclic voltammetry. 1D nanobelt self-assembly of the compound was studied with optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The observed self-assembly was supported by computational studies using density functional theory and natural bond order analysis. The optimised molecule was fit into crystal space theoretically, and the observed band gap was correlated well with optical and electrical properties.  相似文献   

20.
    
Zinc(II)‐dithizone based molecular systems [Zn(HDz)2] are intriguing candidates for the development of optical devices thanks to their interesting photochromic and nonlinear optical properties. In the present work, the behavior of Zn(HDz)2 in different solvents was investigated by a combined theoretical and experimental approach. In particular, solutions of both dithizone (H2Dz) and Zn(HDz)2 were analyzed by optical absorption spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, with particular attention to structure–properties relationships. Density functional and time‐dependent density functional calculations were performed on the stable and the activated forms of the complex, obtaining information on the energetics of their interconversion, as well as on the nature of their electronic excitations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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