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1.
相对于微孔金属有机骨架化合物,中孔金属有机骨架化合物的研究大大拓宽了该类材料的应用,尤其是在多相催化、挥发性有机物吸附和药物输送等领域。目前存在的问题主要集中在材料制备环节,尽管可以从分子水平设计出具有合适尺寸的中孔金属有机骨架材料,但是会出现合成过程中骨架结构发生贯穿无法得到中孔,甚至样品活化过程中骨架发生坍塌失去中孔等问题。本文综述了中孔金属有机骨架材料的设计策略与制备方法,如使用长配体、混合配体、表面活性剂辅助及后合成修饰等方法,并对各种制备方法的优缺点进行了总结。简要介绍了中孔金属有机骨架材料在气体存储、多相催化、分子传感、挥发性有机物吸附和药物载体等领域的应用进展,最后展望了该材料的发展前景。  相似文献   

2.
具有大孔径、高比面积的金属有机骨架结构已成为微孔材料研究领域的一个热点,但是其合成设计目前还主要集中在过渡金属元素和镧系元素为接点的微孔材料上.尽管硅、铝族元素已被广泛地用于构建和合成微孔材料,但由于其电荷高、极性强,故在开放有机金属骨架微孔材料的设计与合成中很少被应用.文献中巧妙地以锌离子为接点,成功地将硅氧簇引入配位聚合物的骨架中.  相似文献   

3.
功能金属-有机骨架材料的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
穆翠枝  徐峰  雷威 《化学进展》2007,19(9):1345-1356
金属有机骨架(Metal-Organic Framework,MOFs)材料由于其特殊的结构引起了科学家的广泛关注,它作为多孔材料与无机或有机的多孔材料相比具有特殊的优势,是目前新功能材料研究领域的一个热点。本文总结了金属有机骨架多孔材料在分离纯化、催化、微反应器、负离子交换、复合功能材料等方面的应用进展,并对这种新型多功能材料在设计、合成与应用方面的广阔前景作了展望。  相似文献   

4.
金属有机骨架材料是近几年涌现出的一类新型多功能多孔固体材料,由金属离子和有机配体自组装形成.基于其比表面积高、孔隙率大、热稳定性好和结构与功能多样化等优点,此类材料可作为潜在的吸附剂来对水体等环境污染物进行预处理分析.此外,金属有机骨架材料和不同功能材料如碳基材料、分子印迹聚合物材料以及磁性纳米粒子等组装形成的金属有机骨架复合材料,其整体性能较优于母体金属有机骨架材料.因此,金属有机骨架复合材料在样品预处理方面的应用也引起了研究者的极大兴趣和广泛关注.结合自己的研究工作,对近5年的金属有机骨架材料以及金属有机骨架复合材料,主要在固相微萃取样品预处理方面的应用进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望.  相似文献   

5.
贾琼  宋乃忠  马玖彤 《化学教育》2018,39(22):46-48
设计了一个综合实验——磁性金属有机骨架材料的合成及对铅的吸附。先合成四氧化三铁,再通过氨基修饰制备磁性金属有机骨架吸附材料。考察了此材料对铅的吸附性能,铅的浓度用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定。通过实验加深了学生对物理化学课程中吸附动力学等相关内容的理解,同时巩固了学生对仪器分析课程中的原子吸收光谱法的相关内容的掌握。  相似文献   

6.
于航  王茜子  朱绪娅  刘夏晴  杨慧  李凤祥 《应用化学》2019,36(11):1221-1236
目前我国水环境以及空气面临着严峻的污染形势,许多危害人身体健康的污染物亟待治理。 金属有机骨架作为目前新兴的多孔材料,具有高孔隙率、高比表面积、结构可调性以及不饱和金属位点等特点。 这使得金属有机骨架材料具有一定的环境污染物去除能力。 围绕对苯二甲酸铬金属有机骨架材料(MIL-101)及其功能化修饰的改性材料的结构信息展开,总结了材料的主要合成方法,对功能化修饰的方法和原理进行分析,重点分析了这种材料在环境污染物去除等方面的应用研究进展,包括它在重金属离子、农药、抗生素、有机染料、碘离子等污染物的吸附处理领域的应用, 以及在污染物的监测和环境风险预警方面的应用潜力。 指出了材料在制备成本、反复利用次数、污染物后续处理等方面仍然存在的问题。  相似文献   

7.
张安  张娟 《色谱》2022,40(11):966-978
基于在碱性环境下硼酸能与顺式二醇化合物可逆共价结合形成稳定的五元或六元环酯,而在酸性环境下环酯开环释放顺式二醇化合物这一特性,设计合成高效、高选择性、高富集性能的硼亲和材料的研究备受关注。近年来,许多研究工作者合成了各种类型的硼亲和材料,应用于高选择性富集顺式二醇化合物。金属有机骨架(MOFs)和共价有机骨架(COFs)由于具有孔径可调、高孔隙率、高比表面积、骨架结构可调和化学及热稳定性良好等特点,被广泛应用于色谱分离和样品前处理领域。为赋予MOFs和COFs材料对顺式二醇化合物的富集选择性,各种不同结构和不同种类的硼酸修饰的MOFs和COFs被合成出来。该综述主要是对近几年来80余篇源于科学引文索引关于硼酸功能化MOFs和COFs的种类、合成方法及其应用文章的总结,包括“金属配体-片段共组装”“合成后修饰”和“自下而上”的硼酸功能化多孔材料的修饰策略,以及硼酸功能化MOFs和COFs的种类,介绍了其在化学分析和生物分析领域的发展概况和应用前景,客观评价了硼酸功能化MOFs和COFs的区别和优缺点。该文旨在让研究人员能够充分了解近几年硼酸功能化多孔有机骨架材料的研究现状、掌握合成思路和方法,为其应用提供一定的理论指导和技术支撑,为加快硼酸功能化多孔有机骨架材料的商业化脚步贡献绵薄之力。  相似文献   

8.
金属有机骨架(MOFs)是由金属离子或簇与有机配体以配位键组装而成的晶态多孔材料,其高的孔隙率及功能可设计性使其广泛应用于各种领域。然而,传统MOFs多数电导率非常低,这严重制约了其在电学相关领域的发展。近年来,导电金属有机骨架尤其是二维导电金属有机骨架(2D ECMOFs)材料因其结构中独特的π-π堆积及π-d共轭作用而呈现出半导体甚至类金属的电子输运性质而受到广泛关注,已在传感器、电子器件、电催化、电池和超级电容器等电学和能源相关领域展现出潜在的应用价值。本文将从2D ECMOFs的导电机理、结构、合成方法及应用等方面对近几年该领域的重要进展进行综述,并对其未来发展的挑战和机遇提出展望。  相似文献   

9.
金属-有机骨架材料及其在催化反应中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
金属-有机骨架(metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)材料是由金属离子和有机配体通过自组装而成的具有多孔结构的特殊晶体材料。由于其种类的多样性、孔道的可调性和结构的易功能化,已在气体的吸附和分离、催化、磁学、生物医学等领域表现出了诱人的应用前景。本文介绍了MOFs材料的类型和常用的合成方法,综述了近年来MOFs材料在催化领域的应用,特别是以MOFs材料中骨架金属作为活性中心、骨架有机配体作为活性中心和负载催化活性组分的催化反应,并对MOFs材料的催化应用趋势做了展望,以期对MOFs材料的催化性能有比较全面的认识。  相似文献   

10.
手性多孔有机骨架材料(Chiral porous organic frameworks,CPOFs)具有孔性质优异、比表面积高、稳定性好以及易功能化等诸多优点,已经在手性催化、识别和分离等领域中得到应用。手性多孔有机骨架材料主要有手性金属-有机骨架材料(Chiral metal-organic frameworks,CMOFs)和手性共价有机骨架材料(Chiral covalent organic frameworks,CCOFs)及其他材料,这类材料具有特殊的手性识别、吸附作用,在色谱分离分析领域中已成为研究热点之一。该文综述了手性多孔材料的合成及其在色谱分离和选择性吸附中的应用,展望了未来CPOFs材料可能的应用与发展方向。  相似文献   

11.
Electroactive organic molecules have received a lot of attention in the field of electronics because of their fascinating electronic properties, easy functionalization and potential low cost towards their implementation in electronic devices. In recent years, electroactive organic molecules have also emerged as promising building blocks for the design and construction of crystalline porous frameworks such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) for applications in electronics. Such porous materials present certain additional advantages such as, for example, an immense structural and functional versatility, combination of porosity with multiple electronic properties and the possibility of tuning their physical properties by post-synthetic modifications. In this Review, we summarize the main electroactive organic building blocks used in the past few years for the design and construction of functional porous materials (MOFs and COFs) for electronics with special emphasis on their electronic structure and function relationships. The different building blocks have been classified based on the electronic nature and main function of the resulting porous frameworks. The design and synthesis of novel electroactive organic molecules is encouraged towards the construction of functional porous frameworks exhibiting new functions and applications in electronics.  相似文献   

12.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging kind of crystalline porous polymers that present the precise integration of organic building blocks into extensible structures with regular pores and periodic skeletons. The diversity of organic units and covalent linkages makes COFs a rising materials platform for the design of structure and functionality. Herein, recent research progress in developing COFs for photoluminescent materials is summarised. Structural and functional design strategies are highlighted and fundamental problems that need to be solved are identified, in conjunction with potential applications from perspectives of photoluminescent materials.  相似文献   

13.
Owing to their permanent porosity, highly ordered and extended structure, good chemical stability, and tunability, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new type of organic materials that can offer various applications in different fields. Benefiting from the huge database of organic reactions, the required functionality of COFs can be readily achieved by modification of the corresponding organic functional groups on either polymerizable monomers or established COF frameworks. This striking feature allows homochiral covalent organic frameworks (HCCOFs) to be reasonably designed and synthesized, as well as their use as a unique platform to fabricate asymmetric catalysts. This contribution provides an overview of new progress in HCCOF-based asymmetric catalysis, including design, synthesis, and their application in asymmetric organic synthesis. Moreover, major challenges and developing trends in this field are also discussed. It is anticipated that this review article will provide some new insights into HCCOFs for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis and help to encourage further contributions in this young but promising field.  相似文献   

14.
Xuan W  Zhu C  Liu Y  Cui Y 《Chemical Society reviews》2012,41(5):1677-1695
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a new type of porous materials for diverse applications. Most open MOFs reported to date are microporous (pore sizes <2 nm), and only a small fraction of MOFs with ordered mesoscale domains (2-50 nm) is reported. This tutorial review covers recent advances in the field of mesoporous MOFs (mesoMOFs), including their design and synthesis, porosity activation and surface modification, and potential applications in storage and separation, catalysis, drug delivery and imaging. Their specificities are dependent on the pore shape, size, and chemical environments of the cages or channels. The relationship between the structures and functions is discussed. The future outlook for the field is discussed in the context of current challenges in applications of mesoporous materials.  相似文献   

15.
During the past decade, research on the design and synthesis of zeolite-like metal–organic frameworks (ZMOFs) has developed greatly. As an important subclass of ZMOFs, zeolite-like cluster organic frameworks (ZCOFs) built from 4-connected metal-cluster secondary building units (SBUs) and appropriate linear organic ligand bridges have attracted sustained interest, because such materials not only integrate the merits of inorganic zeolites, ZMOFs, and metal clusters, including interesting topologies, high surface areas, extra-large cavities and channels, structural tunability, and unique physicochemical properties from various metal clusters, but also open up a new avenue to design and fabricate hybrid zeolite-like materials that have many potential applications in material sciences. In this review, recent developments in ZCOFs are summarized by classifying the ZCOFs into four categories according to the composition of the SBUs: 1) ZCOFs based on metal–halide cluster SBUs, 2) ZCOFs based on metal–oxygen cluster SBUs, 3) ZCOFs based on metal–chalcogen cluster SBUs, and 4) ZCOFs based on mixed types of metal-cluster SBUs. Besides, challenges associated with the design and synthesis of ZCOFs and the vast potential of this area are also discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), being a new member of the crystalline porous materials family, have emerged as important materials for energy storage/conversion/generation devices. They possess high surface areas, ordered micro/mesopores, designable structures and an ability to precisely control electro-active groups in their pores, which broaden their application window. Thanks to their low weight density, long range crystallinity, reticular nature and tunable synthesis approach towards two and three dimensional (2D and 3D) networks, they have been found suitable for a range of challenging electrochemical applications. Our review focuses on the progress made on the design, synthesis and structure of COFs and their composites for various energy applications, such as metal-ion batteries, supercapacitors, water-splitting and solar cells. Additionally, attempts have been made to correlate the structural and mechanistic characteristics of COFs with their applications.  相似文献   

17.
Covalent triazine frameworks(CTFs) as a new type of porous organic polymers(POPs) with nitrogen-rich content, high chemical stability, visible light sensitive, metal-free and fully conjugated structure, have gained considerable attention in the last ten years owing to their great potential in extensive applications, especially for photocatalysis systems. In this review, we propose to provide current progress in the design and synthesis of CTFs, along with an emphasis on their photocatalytic applications. Firstly, a brief background including the development of photocatalytic areas is provided. Then, synthetic strategies of CTFs are described and compared. Furthermore, the evolution of CTF materials in photocatalysis fields and strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performance is presented. Finally, some perspectives and challenges on synthesizing high crystalline CTFs and designing excellent catalytic performance of CTF materials are discussed, inspiring the development of CTF materials in photocatalytic applications.  相似文献   

18.
New concepts on the design and synthesis of crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have made them a subject of considerable interest in the growing field of materials science. By creating larger cavity sizes by a nearly infinite combination of metal nodes and organic linkers, many innovative characteristics of microporous MOFs have been revealed. The primary goal of this perspective article is to highlight the frontiers in the development of giant MOFs that are deliberately constructed from metallated or metal-free bulky scaffolds. Incorporating these types of distinct bulky ligands into giant MOFs may lead to MOFs with a large cavity size, intriguing properties and new framework topology. Emerging applications of these materials in catalysis, adsorption, and sensors are also discussed.  相似文献   

19.
The synthesis of open-fiamework metal phosphates has been a subject of intense research owing to their interesting structural chemistry and potential applications as ionexchangers, catalysts and adsorbents. A large number of these materials are synthesized in the presence of organic amines as structure-directing agents. Recently, many research activities have focused on the synthesis of inorganic-organic hybrid frameworks. As compared with inorganic ligands, the advantage of using organic multidentate ligands is the efficacy of rational design of crystalline solids through their coordinating propensities and geometries.  相似文献   

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