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1.
多氯联苯分子结构参数与色谱焓、熵变化的定量关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张青  戴朝政 《色谱》2005,23(5):445-448
 通过理论分析与研究,提出了描述多氯联苯(PCBs)氯原子数目与取代位置有关的分子拓扑指数结构参数JG以及描述多氯联苯分子中氯原子之间相邻关系的分子拓扑指数邻接参数LJ,并推导出PCBs在色谱过程中的焓变(ΔH)、似溶解熵变(ΔS′)与结构参数JG、邻接参数LJ的关系式。在DB-1,DB-5,DB-1701等3种固定相上测定了140余种PCB的ΔH、ΔS′数值,并运用所推导出的关系式对ΔH和ΔS′进行了预测,收到良好的效果,ΔH和ΔS′的理论计算值与实验值的平均相对偏差分别为0.56%~0.97%和0.55%~1.06%,接近实验数据本身的相对偏差。  相似文献   

2.
一种改进的分子连接性指数   总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28  
通过修正分子连接性指数中的点价,使分子轨道理论与分子拓扑理论有机地结合起来,将分子连接性指数改进成为一种量子拓扑指数.实际计算表明,改进后的指数不但保留了原分子连接性指数的优点,而且还弥补了量化指数和分子拓扑指数的一些缺陷。  相似文献   

3.
卓峻峭 《化学教育》2023,(23):109-113
通过研究新教材课后习题,借助拓扑学基本原理,建立了有机分子拓扑结构,分析了有机分子不饱和度的内涵,阐明了计算各类有机分子不饱和度的原理,介绍了书写有机分子结构和有机反应方程式的技巧,为学习和理解有机化学提供了新的思路和视角。  相似文献   

4.
化学反应过程中的过渡态结构及氢键的拓扑性质,是近年来刚刚涉及的课题,本文讨论了文献[1]的方法对偏离平衡构型的过渡态结构及超分子体系的可用性问题及对计算精度较敏感的电子密度拉普拉斯量的拓扑特性。  相似文献   

5.
运用量子化学密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上对邻位和间位取代1-氯葸醌的分子内卤键进行了研究.用电子定域函数和“分子中的原子,,理论对分子内卤键的性质进行了电子密度拓扑分析.通过对计算得到的密度矩阵进行σ-π兀分离,得到了π-键的键径和分子图,并讨论了。电荷密度和兀电荷密度对卤键的影响.结果表明,键鞍点和环鞍点处的电子密度拓扑性质均可作为衡量分子内卤键强度的量度.键鞍点和环鞍点处的电荷密度P越大,键鞍点与环鞍点的距离越大,卤键强度越大.除σ电荷密度外,π电荷密度对分子内卤键的性质也有明显影响.  相似文献   

6.
在化学,物理,生物和材料科学中,分子设计是必不可少且无处不在的.然而,由极多候选分子组成的巨大空间需要新颖的优化方法去搜索,以便实现高效的分子设计.本文首先总结了分子设计领域内已发展成熟的优化算法,比如穷举算法、分支定界算法、蒙特卡罗类似算法及基因算法.通过若干有代表性的分子设计实例,我们介绍了上述算法的具体应用.其次,本文主要侧重于介绍最新发展的反向分子设计的策略,比如反向能带结构优化算法以及线性展开原子势场方法,并且对后者展开了详细阐述.线性展开原子势场方法选择了核电吸引势场做为优化变量,因为每个中性分子包含的原子类型和原子的空间位置均由此势场决定.本质上,核电吸引势场决定了分子以及分子的所有化学和物理性质.但是核电吸引势场本身不是一个任意的势场,它必须包含合理的分子结构信息.因此,此势场由原子的或者功能团的核电吸引势场做线性展开.通过优化线性展开系数,所感兴趣的分子性质得以最大化或者最小化,同时每个原子的或者功能团所对应的系数包含了最终分子的组成信息.基于密度泛函理论和一个简单的分子模型,我们成功地应用线性展开原子势场方法优化了分子的超极化率.然而,当所感兴趣的分子性质变得复杂或者线性展开中的功能团变得多样化,分子性质曲面也会包含更多的局部最优值.为了有效地搜索复杂的分子性质曲面,我们发展了梯度引导的蒙特卡罗算法.经典的蒙特卡罗算法每次随机地产生新的分子,而梯度引导的蒙特卡罗利用上述方法构造的分子性质曲面,首先计算当前分子所在处的局部梯度相对于所有官能团的展开系数,然后基于此梯度产生下一个分子,最后利用Metropolis规则接受或者拒绝新产生的分子.换句话说,梯度引导的蒙特卡罗算法是一个“半随机”的算法.我们首先应用梯度引导的蒙特卡罗算法,结合线性展开原子势场方法计算的局部梯度,优化了带有普林环的分子框架的超极化率.此外,对于任何一个可构造出分子性质曲面的全局优化问题,梯度引导的蒙特卡罗算法均可适用.比如,我们应用此算法优化了蛋白质的氨基酸序列并探讨了蛋白质的折叠问题.这些具体的应用实例证明了梯度引导的蒙特卡罗算法能够有效地搜索分子空间,根据所感兴趣的分子性质,筛选出最优的分子.总之,本文综述了反向设计的方法近况及其基本原理,将有助于促进分子设计的进程.  相似文献   

7.
用含时密度泛函理论(TDDFF)对PP(5-phenyl-5H-phenanthridin-6-one)分子进行了量子化学计算.实验观察到该分子具有双荧光和分子内电荷转移(ICT)特征.理论计算采用B3LYP泛函和6-311+G(2d,p)基组,并用可极化连续介质模型(PCM)处理溶剂效应.基态结构优化表明PP分子为非平面状,苯环和菲啶酮平面的二面角近似等于90.0°.气相和溶剂中低激发态的计算结果表明这些激发态均为局域激发(LE).通过构建气相和溶液中LE—ICT反应和荧光发射的势能曲线,得到了ICT反应的焓变△H、能垒Ea以及由于结构弛豫所产生的能量差δEFC.势能曲线的分析和发射能的计算显示PP是一个双荧光体系,包含一个LE发射谱和一个红移的ICT谱.考虑了溶剂效应的计算结果表明,双荧光的产生是由于在ICT反应过程中分子构型的变化,即苯环和菲啶酮单元由相互垂直变成了共平面.  相似文献   

8.
采用量子化学程序Gaussian98从头计算方法,对用做金衬底离子化的2—巯基乙基—二甲基氯化铵和3—巯基丙磺酸钠两种硫醇分子进行了全优化计算,得到了这两种化合物的平衡几何构型、基态能量、分子轨道组成和电荷分布等,并分析讨论了其分子轨道作用性质以及自由硫醇分子和金表面的相互作用.研究发现,表面分子基团带有大部分的净电荷,说明利用金与硫醇分子的自组装可实现金衬底的离子化。  相似文献   

9.
基于支持向量学习机方法的人体小肠吸收药物活性的预测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了预测分子在人体小肠中的吸收,本文计算了表征分子的电子、拓扑、几何结构、分子形状等特征的102个分子描述符,用遗传算法变量选择方法使描述符减少到47个。体系共包含了230个化合物分子,69个不能被吸收(mA-),161个可以被吸收(HIA )。对建立的SVM模型,用5重交叉验证和独立测试集进行验证,预测正确率分别达到79.1%和77.1%,结果具有较好的一致性。在模型验证中,通过聚类分析方法组合训练集和测试集,保证了模型的稳定性,提高了建模效率。  相似文献   

10.
张爱华 《化学教育》2008,29(1):73-74
采用abinitio方法对O3分子的电子结构进行了计算,构型优化的结果与文献符合的较好,并根据计算结果分析了O3分子中键的极性和分子的极性。  相似文献   

11.
A new procedure is described to determine the geometrical structure of a molecule. It starts from measured ground state rotational constants of isotopically substituted species. Internal structural parameters such as bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles are directly fitted with a suitable least-squares algorithm. The new method for structure determination is compared to the usual Costain—Kraitchman substitution method. It contains less stringent conditions than the latter, permits a broad range of applications and provides a reliable molecular structure.  相似文献   

12.
黄多辉  王藩侯  朱正和 《化学学报》2008,66(16):1915-1918
以6-311++G(d)为基函数, 采用CASSCF方法优化出Li2O+分子的稳定构型为线形Li-O-Li (C∞V), 电子组态为2∏, 并对平衡核间距、离解能和基态简正频率进行了计算. 根据原子分子反应静力学原理, 导出了Li2O+分子的合理的离解极限. 并运用多体展式理论方法首次导出了基态Li2O+分子的分析势能函数, 绘出了势能等值图, 其势能等值图准确地再现了Li2O+分子的平衡结构特征.  相似文献   

13.
Density functional theory has been used to investigate the properties of organic high spin molecules. The M05/cc-pVDZ calculations predict a septet ground state for the 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydro-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaoxocoronene-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexayl radical (coronene-6O). The computations show further that the formation of intermolecular carbon-carbon bonds yields a singlet ground state for the dimer rather than a possible tridectet state as expected from the monomer's multiplicity. A benzene molecule placed between coronene-6O molecules leads to the desired high-spin cluster, but the overall stability of the cluster is low. A chromium atom inserted between two peripheral C(6) rings of coronene-6O yields a sandwich structure with the expected tridectet ground state and a binding energy which is 15 times larger than the corresponding tridectet dimer stabilized by a benzene molecule. The presented DFT calculations suggest that a chromium atom can effectively link organic polyradicals to larger magnetic units.  相似文献   

14.
Using wavefunctions from ab initio and INDO calculations, the probability that a molecule, of which a carbon atom undergoes β-decay, passes from its ground state to the ground state of the daughter ion, is studied. It is shown that the electronic part of this transition probability is almost independent of the molecular structure and of elec- tronic factors like aromaticity. Furthermore, the effect of β-decay on the electronic structure of a molecule turns out to be restricted to the direct environment of the decaying carbon atom.  相似文献   

15.
An implementation of scaled opposite-spin CC2 (SOS-CC2) for ground and excited state energies is presented that requires only fourth order scaling computational costs. The SOS-CC2 method yields results with an accuracy comparable to the unscaled method. Furthermore the time-determining fifth order scaling steps in the algorithm can be replaced by only fourth order scaling computational costs using a "resolution of the identity" approximation for the electron repulsion integrals and a Laplace transformation of the orbital energy denominators. This leads to a significant reduction of computational costs especially for large systems. Timings for ground and excited state calculations are shown and the error of the Laplace transformation is investigated. An application to a chlorophyll molecule with 134 atoms results in a speed-up by a factor of five and demonstrates how the new implementation extends the applicability of the method. A SOS variant of the algebraic diagrammatic construction through second order ADC(2), which arises from a simplification of the SOS-CC2 model, is also presented. The SOS-ADC(2) model is a cost-efficient alternative in particular for future extensions to spectral intensities and excited state structure optimizations.  相似文献   

16.
All information about all latent molecular properties, not exhibited by a given molecular structure but reproducibly exhibited by the same molecule in a different state or having a different conformation, is fully encoded in any nonzero volume of the non-degenerate ground state electron density.  相似文献   

17.
The structural and electronic properties of a photochromic molecule dictate their potential photochemical activity. To gain insight into these influences, the ground‐state structure and excited state properties of six indolylgulgides were calculated using several time dependent‐density functional theory (DFT) (TD‐DFT)//DFT methods, second‐order M?ller–Plesset (MP2), and CIS(D). These methods simulated the charge‐transfer properties and the conformation of the ground‐state structure for each molecule. Generally, TD‐DFT accurately simulated the expected charge‐transfer state. The degree of spatial overlap of the occupied and virtual molecular orbitals involved in the S1 transition of indolylfulgides quantitatively assessed their charge‐transfer character and was qualitatively useful in assessing their photochromic activity. The M06, M06‐2X, and M11 structures were quite similar to those calculated by MP2. Structural differences, similarities, and functional trends are compared and discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

18.
PdN、PdN2分子的结构与势能函数*   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在Pd 的RECP 近似下, 运用B3LYP 方法, 对Pd 采用基集合SDD, 对N 采用基集合AUG鄄cc鄄pVTZ, 对PdN 和PdN2分子的微观结构进行了理论计算. PdN 分子的基电子状态为4撞-, PdN2分子的最稳定构型为单重态的线性Pd—N—N(C肄V),其电子状态为1撞+. 采用最小二乘法拟合出PdN 分子的Murrell鄄Sorbie 势能函数, 使用多体展式理论导出了势函数中的参数, 进而给出PdN2分子基态势函数的解析表达式, 其势能面准确地复现了平衡稳态结构和能量关系, 表现了Pd 内迁移的详细过程, 存在一个C2V构型的鞍点(RNN=0.11700 nm, RPdN=0.22088 nm). 由图得到内迁移的能垒为0.5197 eV, 与计算值0.4560 eV 接近.  相似文献   

19.
Quinoidal π‐conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons have attracted intensive research interest due to their unique optical/electronic properties and possible magnetic activity, which arises from a thermally excited triplet state. However, there is still lack of fundamental understanding on the factors that determine the electronic ground states. Herein, by using quinoidal oligo(9,10‐anthryl)s, it is demonstrated that both aromatic stabilisation and steric strain release play balanced roles in determining the ground states. Oligomers with up to four anthryl units were synthesised and their ground states were investigated by electronic absorption and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, assisted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The quinoidal 9,10‐anthryl dimer 1 has a closed‐shell ground state, whereas the tri‐ ( 2 ) and tetramers ( 3 ) both have an open‐shell diradical ground state with a small singlet–triplet gap. Such a difference results from competition between two driving forces: the large steric repulsion between the anthryl/phenyl units in the closed‐shell quinoidal form that drives the molecule to a flexible open‐shell diradical structure, and aromatic stabilisation due to the gain of more aromatic sextet rings in the closed‐shell form, which drives the molecule towards a contorted quinoidal structure. The ground states of these oligomers thus depend on the overall balance between these two driving forces and show chain‐length dependence.  相似文献   

20.
A high-spin ground state is possible if a molecule has degenerate or pseudo-degenerate frontier orbitals. Since strong vibronic couplings, or electron-vibration interactions give rise to reduce the degeneracy or pseudo degeneracy, a lower-spin state is the ground state in such a molecule. Therefore small vibronic couplings are desirable for designing molecules with a high-spin ground state. Vibronic coupling constants of derivatives of m-phenylene diamine are evaluated. The calculated results are analyzed based on vibronic coupling density which enables us to control the vibronic coupling constants. Based on the vibronic coupling density analysis, we succeed in recovering the high-spin ground state from the closed-shell singlet ground state of a methoxy derivative of m-phenylene diamine by introducing an appropriate substituent.  相似文献   

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