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1.
木质素改性高分子材料研究进展   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
木质素改性高分子材料的基础研究和应用开发极为活跃。在材料中引入木质素不仅可提高材料的性能还能降低成本产生可观的经济效益。本文综述了木质素改性高分子材料的最新研究成果并由此归纳出木质素结构与材料性能之间的关系提出了基于控制木质素多级结构的材料设计和性能优化的思路。  相似文献   

2.
木质素在高分子材料中的应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
楼涛  汪学军 《高分子通报》1996,9(4):240-242,255
本文简要介绍了木质素的结构及其在各种高分子材料中的应用和开发前景。  相似文献   

3.
木质素在橡胶中的应用研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
木质素是地球上最丰富的生物材料之一,其基本单元为9-碳苯酚丙烷(香豆醇、松柏醇和芥子醇),这些单元通过不同类型的键连接在一起形成一个多酚类芳香族聚合物。作为造纸工业的主要废弃物,木质素成本低廉,目前主要用作低附加值的燃料,其开发价值还没有得到充分利用。将木质素用于填充改性橡胶既经济又环保,其不仅有补强的效果,还有偶联、抗氧防老、阻燃的作用,可部分代替炭黑。本文将对木质素的改性、橡胶/木质素复合材料的制备方法及研究进展进行综述,并对橡胶/木质素复合材料研究的挑战和机遇进行了展望。  相似文献   

4.
木质素活化改性制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
木质素由于化学结构与苯酚相似,通过活化改性可部分替代苯酚制备木质素改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂。既可降低成本、达到生物质资源高效利用的目的,并且制备的木质素改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂有毒残余较低,具有环保意义,是合成制备生物质高分子材料的重要途径。本文综述了国内外研究人员在木质素活化改性制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂研究领域的最新进展,重点介绍了化学改性、物理改性、生物改性等木质素活化改性方法,比较了不同改性产物制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂的性能,并对影响木质素活化改性制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂实现工业化应用的主要因素进行了分析。  相似文献   

5.
基于纤维素的先进功能材料   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
张金明  张军 《高分子学报》2010,(12):1376-1398
收集整理了近几年间发表在国内外重要期刊上的约360篇文献,以纤维素功能材料的制备方法为线索,简要综述了该领域的最新进展,对纤维素基纤维材料、膜材料、光电材料、杂化材料、智能材料、生物医用材料等功能材料的制备过程、功能和应用前景做了概括性描述.  相似文献   

6.
木质素是仅次于纤维素的第二大可再生生物质资源,也是一种环境友好的有机高分子材料.原子转移自由基聚合(atom transfer radical polymerization, ATRP)是近年来迅速发展并有着重要应用价值的一种活性/可控自由基聚合技术.本文结合本课题组目前的研究工作和近几年的相关报道,简述了ATRP在木质素接枝共聚方面的最新研究进展.综述了采用ATRP对木质素接枝共聚改性的方法,并采用该方法在木质素表面接枝不同功能性单体,赋予木质素表面温敏性、离子响应性、气体开关和基因传递等多种特殊性能的研究概况.最后介绍了AGET ATRP(activators generated by electron transfer ATRP)在木质素接枝共聚反应中的应用.  相似文献   

7.
朱莉娜  廖代正 《结构化学》2003,22(2):125-132
网络拓扑方法是新近在晶体工程中使用的一种直观有效的策略,它使复杂的晶体结构设计简化为分子拓扑结构的组建。本文介绍了这一方法的基本思路,以及它在设计组装各种光、电、磁、离子交换、催化等新型功能材料中的应用。  相似文献   

8.
木质素是一种在自然界中含量高的天然高分子物质,其分子中含有大量的羟基.目前国内所开发的木质素产品已经有数百种,但由于木质素本身结构复杂、种类繁多,使得开发的木质素产品基本还停留在较为初级的阶段,且存在一定的盲目性.纳米材料的比表面积大,表面活性高,将木质素加工到纳米级别能有效地改善其一部分基本特性.文章结合木质素本身的特点和近年来对木质素的深入研究,分别从微粒、薄膜、纤维三方面介绍了木质素在纳米材料领域的研究现状和应用前景.  相似文献   

9.
由于不可再生石油资源的日益消耗,生物质可再生资源的开发与利用成为全球的研究热点。木质素来源广泛,属于可再生低成本资源,并且含碳量高于60%,备受碳纤维研发工作者的广泛关注,近年来在研究开发方面取得了许多突破。本文从归纳总结木质素纺丝前处理出发,综述了纯木质素碳纤维、共混和接枝木质素碳纤维改性制备的发展历程、工艺性能比较和最新研究进展,并对木质素碳纤维研究前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

10.
木质素及其在高分子材料方面的利用课程教学方法与实践   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
木质素是一种重要的天然高分子,其开发利用已成为材料科学的热点之一。木质素及其在高分子材料方面的利用课程内容涉及木质素的结构与性质、木质素化学品、木质素热固性材料、木质素热塑性材料、木质素新材料、木质素材料的性能评价等。针对该门课程知识点多且内容分散、知识面宽、知识点新的特点,提出了教学方法:(1)采用案例教学法,密切联系生产实践;(2)采用翻转课堂教学法,提高学生自学能力;(3)加强双语教学,培养国际化专业人才;(4)采用灵活有效的考核方式,着实提高学生综合能力。  相似文献   

11.
翟景琳  胡欣  刘成扣  朱宁  郭凯 《化学进展》2019,31(9):1293-1302
木质素是仅次于纤维素的第二大生物质资源, 是自然界中唯一的可再生芳香族化合物资源。长久以来, 木质素的难以充分利用是掣肘生物化工产业的一个重大问题。近年来, 原子转移自由基聚合接枝改性成为木质素高值化利用的一个重要方法, 可制备获得不同结构、性能各异的木质素接枝改性材料。本文从单体种类、催化剂、材料的结构与性能等方面, 介绍了原子转移自由基聚合接枝改性木质素的研究进展, 并对该领域的发展前景与挑战进行了探讨。  相似文献   

12.
    
Improving the environmental performance of resins in wood treatment by using renewable chemicals has been a topic of interest for a long time. At the same time, lignin, the second most abundant biomass on earth, is produced in large scale as a side product and mainly used energetically. The use of lignin in wood adhesives or for wood modification has received a lot of scientific attention. Despite this, there are only few lignin-derived wood products commercially available. This review provides a summary of the research on lignin application in wood adhesives, as well as for wood modification. The research on the use of uncleaved lignin and of cleavage products of lignin is reviewed. Finally, the current state of the art of commercialization of lignin-derived wood products is presented.  相似文献   

13.
造纸污泥中提取的木质素改性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为提高以造纸污泥为原料制备的木质素减水剂的减水性,用H2O2 和Na2SO3分别对木质素进行氧化、磺化.氧化工艺条件为:对10g木质素,过氧化氢用量为1.5g,反应温度80℃,pH=9,反应时间2 h.所得到的产品比一般磺化产品的减水性能优越,经检测各项主要指标达到普通减水剂的国家标准(GB8076-1997).  相似文献   

14.
    
To improve the economic viability of polymer from renewable resources, a value‐added lignin polymer is increasingly important. The lignin was successfully modified by three chemical methods: hydroxymethylation, epoxidation, and phenolation. Through these methods, the percentage of impurity had decreased, and the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin had dramatically increased, particularly by phenolation, reaching 9.41%, nearly three times higher than that in the unmodified one. Meanwhile, we added different amounts of modified lignin into polyurethane foams, and the results showed that 1 wt% modified lignin could not only increase the decomposition temperature of the foam material but also remarkably improve its mechanical properties. The optimum reaction time was 4 hr, and the reaction temperature was 80°C for blends. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
Lignin-based dye dispersants have aroused an increasing interest due to their environment-friendly properties. In this research, the quaternized lignin-based dye dispersant (QLD) was prepared using alkali lignin from masson pine sulfate pulping liquor as raw materials by chemical modification, that is, sulfonation and quaternization. The structure and performance characterization of alkali lignin and QLD were studied. The analyses indicated that the structural unit of alkali lignin contained more G type and S type. Additionally, it was also proved that QLD contained quaternary ammonium group, amine group, and sulfonic group, which could improve the dispersion performance and thermostability of QLD. The results of thermogravimetric (TG) concluded that the dispersion performance and thermostability of QLD prevailed over alkali lignin. Compared with the contact angle of water, alkali lignin, and QLD with dye, the contact angle of QLD was much better than water and alkali lignin, indicating that the hydrophilicity and dispersion performance of QLD were superior to water and alkali lignin in Vat Olive T.  相似文献   

16.
秦国富  刘一寰  尹帆  胡欣  朱宁  郭凯 《化学进展》2020,32(10):1547-1556
作为自然界储量丰富的生物质资源之一,木质素尚未得到充分利用,成为掣肘生物化工发展的挑战.利用木质素丰富的功能基团进行接枝聚合改性,已成为木质素高值化利用的一个重要途径.开环聚合是一种温和、高效的聚合方法,可以将脂肪族聚酯链段引入到木质素中,提高材料的溶解性、相容性和可降解性,拓展木质素的应用范围.本文关注多催化条件下丙...  相似文献   

17.
    
Carbonized lignin has been proposed as a sustainable and domestic source of activated, amorphous, graphitic, and nanostructured carbon for many industrial applications as the structure can be tuned through processing conditions. However, the inherent variability of lignin and its complex physicochemical structure resulting from feedstock and pulping selection make the Process-Structure-Property-Performance (PSPP) relationships hard to define. In this work, radial distribution functions (RDFs) from synchrotron X-ray and neutron scattering of lignin-based carbon composites (LBCCs) are investigated using the Hierarchical Decomposition of the Radial Distribution Function (HDRDF) modelling method to characterize the local atomic environment and develop quantitative PSPP relationships. PSPP relationships for LBCCs defined by this work include crystallite size dependence on lignin feedstock as well as increasing crystalline volume fraction, nanoscale composite density, and crystallite size with increasing reduction temperature.  相似文献   

18.
    
Thermosetting polymeric materials have advantageous properties and are therefore used in numerous applications. In this study, it was hypothesized and ultimately shown that thermosets could be derived from comparably sustainable sub-components. A two-step procedure to produce a thermoset comprising of Kraft lignin (KL) and the cross-linker adipic acid (AdA) was developed. The cross-linking was activated by means of an acetylating agent comprising isopropenyl acetate (IPA) to form a cross-linking mixture (CLM). The cross-linking was confirmed by FTIR and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and the esterification reactions were further studied using model compounds. When the KL lignin was mixed with the CLM, partial esterification occurred to yield a homogeneous viscous liquid that could easily be poured into a mold, as the first step in the procedure. Without any additions, the mold was heated and the material transformed into a thermoset by reaction of the two carboxylic acid-derivatives of AdA and KL in the second step.  相似文献   

19.
伍强 《化学教育》2022,43(19):83-87
针对一线教师在设计硅酸盐材料一课时面对的困难,开发了与陶瓷、玻璃、水泥相对应的石家河红陶杯、洛阳浮法玻璃、白鹤滩大坝等3个教学素材。包含2个原创实验、7个资料、14个原创提问。开发的素材可用于硅酸盐材料高一新授课或以硅酸盐材料为情境的高三复习课中,也可为原创题的命制者提供参考。素材的选择遵循了立德树人的理念,培养了学生的爱国情怀,同时也提升了高级思维能力。  相似文献   

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