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1.
CuO的添加方式对合成二甲醚反应中脱水性能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
CuO以不同的添加方式对-γA l2O3进行改性.用H2-TPR、还原态NH3-TPD、XRD表征技术以及浆态床CO H2合成二甲醚反应对催化剂的还原性能、还原态的酸中心分布、物相分布和反应活性进行了考察.H2-TPR结果表明,在沉积法制备的催化剂上可还原的氧化铜的量最大,且容易还原;还原态NH3-TPD结果说明了沉积法制备的催化剂上适合脱水反应进行的弱酸中心的比例最大;XRD结果发现在浸渍法制备的催化剂上,有少量的铜和铜铝化合物存在,其它方法制备的催化剂上CuO均匀分散在催化剂表面;目标反应的结果指出了沉积法制备的催化剂上,二甲醚的选择性最佳.  相似文献   

2.
以无水乙醇为溶剂,草酸为沉淀剂,采用悬浮共沉淀法,一步合成CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5双功能催化剂.并研究了该催化剂在CO2加氢合成二甲醚反应中的催化性能,考察了CO2加氢合成甲醇组分(CuO-ZnO-Al2O3)与甲醇脱水组分(HZSM-5)配比对催化剂性能的影响以及催化剂的稳定性.结果表明,双功能催化剂加氢与脱水组分配比为8∶1时,对CO2加氢直接合成二甲醚有较高的催化性能:在固定床反应器中,温度为270℃,压力为3.0 MPa,空速为4 800 h-1的反应条件下,CO2的单程转化率达到29.8%,二甲醚的选择性和收率分别达到53.8%和16%.XRD、BET、TPR和NH3-TPD对催化剂结构表征结果表明,不同组分配比影响双功能复合催化剂中脱水组分的酸性和加氢组分的结晶度、晶粒尺寸、CuO的还原性.  相似文献   

3.
 采用浸渍法制备了一系列MgO改性的HZSM-5分子筛,并以MgO/HZSM-5为甲醇脱水催化剂与Cu-ZnO-Al2O3甲醇合成催化剂组成双功能催化剂,在连续流动加压固定床反应器上考察了其对合成气直接制二甲醚反应的催化性能. 结果表明,以适量MgO改性的HZSM-5分子筛组成的双功能催化剂上,二甲醚选择性可高达64.8%,CO2和烃类副产物的选择性分别为30.2%和0.4%; 由未改性的HZSM-5分子筛组成的双功能催化剂上,二甲醚选择性仅为49.1%,CO2和烃类副产物的选择性则分别高达37.1%和9.3%. 当MgO含量过高时,则CO转化率和二甲醚选择性均降低. 根据实验结果,提出了甲醇在MgO/HZSM-5上脱水的反应机理.  相似文献   

4.
在完全液相法制备工艺中,考察不同Si含量对浆状CuZnAl催化剂上合成气直接制备二甲醚性能的影响。其中,SA0.5催化剂(Si/Al=0.5)显示了最优异的催化性能,CO转化率为63.31%,二甲醚选择性为72.96%,在反应480 h过程中催化剂催化性能稳定。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和氮气吸附-脱附表征发现,Si的引入促进了催化剂Cu物种颗粒的分散及比表面积的增大,提高了CO转化率。此外,氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征揭示了Cu物种与催化剂其他组分(Si物种)之间存在电子相互作用,抑制了Cu物种还原,催化剂表面富集更多Cu~+物种,有利于甲醇合成,同时有效地抑制了水煤气副反应产物CO_2的生成。再者,SA0.5催化剂表面富集了大量的Al物种(AlOOH),有利于甲醇脱水,促进二甲醚的生成。总之,浆状CuZnAlSi体系中Cu~+和AlOOH协同催化作用,提高了催化剂活性及二甲醚选择性。  相似文献   

5.
以Beta分子筛为核、Y型分子筛为壳层的多级孔复合分子筛(BFZ)作为甲醇脱水催化剂用于固定床中合成气一步法制备二甲醚,并与纯Y型分子筛进行了比较,研究了二甲醚合成催化反应活性与甲醇脱水催化剂孔道结构和酸性之间的关系.结果表明,复合分子筛HBFZ具有中等强度的酸性和中孔孔道结构,有利于提高合成气制备二甲醚的催化反应活性.二甲醚直接合成催化剂由工业CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂(CZA)与分子筛(HBFZ、HY)采用机械混合方法制备;催化评价结果显示,CZA/HBFZ比CZA/HY具有更优的催化活性和稳定性.在250 ℃, 5.0 MPa 和 1 500 h-1的反应条件下,CZA/HBFZ催化剂上CO的转化率和DME的选择性分别达到94.2%和67.9%.  相似文献   

6.
采用浸渍法制备了一系列MgO改性的HZSM-5分子筛,并以MgO/HZSM-5为甲醇脱水催化剂与Cu—ZnO-Al2O3甲醇合成催化剂组成双功能催化剂,在连续流动加压固定床反应器上考察了其对合成气直接制二甲醚反应的催化性能.结果表明,以适量MgO改性的HZSM-5分子筛组成的双功能催化剂上,二甲醚选择性可高达64.8%,CO2和烃类副产物的选择性分别为30.2%和0.4%;由未改性的HZSM-5分子筛组成的双功能催化剂上,二甲醚选择性仅为49.1%,CO2和烃类副产物的选择性则分别高达37.1%和9.3%.当MgO含量过高时,则CO转化率和二甲醚选择性均降低.根据实验结果,提出了甲醇在MgO/HZSM-5上脱水的反应机理.  相似文献   

7.
采用等容浸渍法制备改性脱水催化剂,通过H2-TPR、Pyridine-IR、还原态NH3-TPD、XRD等表征手段,以及目标反应浆态床CO+H2合成二甲醚,研究了催化剂的还原性能以及酸中心分布与反应性能之间的关系。H2-TPR结果表明,在脱水催化剂γ-Al2O3、V2O5/γ-Al2O3和Sm2O3/γ-Al2O3上不出现还原峰,V2O5、Sm2O3的加入改善了复合催化剂中Cu的还原性能,促进了甲醇催化剂的还原。Pyridine-IR表明,V2O5和Sm2O3的加入对L酸、B酸的量影响不大。还原态NH3-TPD说明V2O5和Sm2O3的加入改变了酸中心的分布,增加了弱酸中心的比率。XRD结果发现,V2O5和Sm2O3均匀分散在γ-Al2O3上,没有新的物种生成。二甲醚合成目标反应的结果表明,改性后催化剂的反应活性增强,合成反应中CO转化率、二甲醚的选择性都得到提高。V2O5和Sm2O3的添加增加了弱酸中心数量,促进了脱水活性,从而提高了复合催化剂合成二甲醚的活性和选择性。  相似文献   

8.
以无水乙醇为溶剂,草酸为沉淀剂,采用悬浮共沉淀法,一步合成Mn改性的CuO-ZnO-ZrO2/HZSM-5双功能催化剂.并研究了该催化剂在CO2加氢合成二甲醚反应中的催化性能,考察了助剂锰的添加量对催化剂性能的影响,并采用XRD、BET、TPR、NH3-TPD和XPS对催化剂结构进行表征.结果表明,双功能催化剂性能与助剂锰的添加量有密切联系,适量锰的加入可提供合适的表面酸性,提高二甲醚的选择性,降低副产物CO的选择性.表征结果表明,加入Mn可以促进CuO的分散,并降低CuO的还原温度,增加催化剂的比表面积,提高Cu+/Cu0比,从而能促进CO2的转化,有利于提高催化剂的活性.  相似文献   

9.
采用完全液相法,分别以柠檬酸铜、硝酸铜、乙酸铜为Cu源制备了三种Cu-Zn-Al浆状催化剂,考察了不同铜源对催化剂催化合成气制二甲醚性能的影响,利用XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD、BET、XPS和TEM等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,铜源对催化剂织构形貌及性能影响显著,用柠檬酸铜为铜源制备的催化剂铜物种分散性最好,铜物种与其他组分间相互作用强,可还原物质的量多,同时催化剂表面弱酸量与强酸量的比较高,催化剂的甲醇脱水能力提升,三种催化剂中柠檬酸铜催化剂性能最好,CO转化率为63.4%,二甲醚选择性为66.0%。  相似文献   

10.
以无水乙醇为溶剂,将Cu、Zn和Al的硝酸盐并流共沉淀在HZSM-5分子筛的悬浮溶液中,一步合成CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5双功能催化剂.研究了沉淀剂的种类、加入顺序和加入量对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,以适量的草酸作沉淀剂,采用悬浮液并流共沉淀法制备的双功能催化剂,对CO2加氢直接合成二甲醚有较高的催化性能:在固定床反应器中,温度为270℃,压力为3.0 MPa,空速为4 800 h-1的反应条件下,CO2的单程转化率达到28.7%,二甲醚的选择性达到53.2%.BET、XRD、TPR、TPD和N2O滴定等对催化剂结构表征结果表明,双功能复合催化剂CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5的结构影响CO2加氢合成二甲醚的催化性能.  相似文献   

11.
The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.  相似文献   

12.
非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。  相似文献   

13.
翟宗玺  刘树深  夏树屏 《化学学报》1990,48(10):946-950
用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。  相似文献   

14.
Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.  相似文献   

15.

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

  相似文献   

16.
Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.  相似文献   

17.
Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, Mo, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

18.
In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.  相似文献   

19.
20.
The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe2O3. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

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