质子交换膜燃料电池新结构

质子交换膜燃料电池（ＰＥＭＦＣ）能量效率和功率密度高,无电解质腐蚀,环境友好,可望广泛用于电动汽车的发电装置、便携式电源和地面发电站等．许多发达国家都投巨资对其进行研究开发［１］．传统的单对ＰＥＭＦＣ由膜～电极组件和其两侧的集流板构成,其中膜～电极组...     

质子交换膜燃料电池电极的一种新的制备方法

提出一种新的电极制备方法,在薄层催化层电极制备中加入造孔剂,并使用喷涂方法,使质子交换膜燃料电池（ＰＥＭＦＣ）电极中铂担量降到０．０２ｍｇＰｔ／ｃｍ＾２,与文献方法相比,新方法过程简单、成本低、易放大,并通过实验得到电极的最佳组成为：催化剂：造孔剂：Ｎａｆｉｏｎ＝３：３：１,ｅｓ ｅｔ ｈｘ ｙｙｉｆｒｍｈｊ ｔｌｆ ｒ ｊｎ ｓｅ （０．０２ｍｇＰｔ／ｃｍ＾２）与Ｎａｆｉｏｎ１１５膜组装成电池,     

燃料电池聚合物电解质膜的研究进展

本文根据聚合物电解质膜燃料电池操作温度、使用的电解质和燃料的不同,将其分为高温质子交换膜燃料电池、低温质子换膜燃料电池、直接甲醇燃料电池和阴离子交换膜燃料电池,综述了它们所用电解质膜的最新进展.第一部分简要介绍了这4种燃料电池的优点和不足.第二部分首先介绍了Nafion膜的结构模型,并对平行柱状纳米水通道模型在介观尺度上进行了修正;接着分别对应用于不同燃料电池的改性膜的改性思路作了分析;最后讨论了用于不同燃料电池的新型质子交换膜的研究,同时列举了性能突出的改性膜和新型质子交换膜.第三部分介绍了阴离子交换膜的研究现状.第四部分对未来聚合物电解质膜的研究作了展望.     

铂微粒修饰的氧化钛电极对甲醇的电催化氧化性能

直接甲醇质子交换膜燃料电池（ＤＭＰＥＭＦＣ）可用作未来电动车辆的动力电源［１］，但要达到实际应用还有大量问题有待进一步解决．目前限制ＤＭＰＥＭＦＣ实际应用的主要问题是甲醇阳极氧化催化剂低的活性、高的价格及催化剂的毒化．就目前对于甲醇氧化电催化剂研究的...     

最新电化学技术应用文献摘引

能量的储存与转移中温质子传导燃料电池的电极材料　ＳＷＴａｏ ,ＱＹＷｕ ,ＤＫＰｅｎｇ ,ＧＹＭｅｎｇ ,ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ 30 :2 (ＦＥＢ 2 0 0 0 ) ,153＿1572 6 0℃下三元Ｌｉ＿Ｍｎ＿Ｏ合成以及该氧化物锂的电化学插入　ＮＫｕｍａｇａｉ,ＴＳａｉｔｏ ,ＳＫｏｍａｂａ ,ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ 30 :2 (ＦＥＢ 2 0 0 0 ) ,159～ 16 3电动汽车超电容器的聚合物选择及电池设计　ＭＭａｓｔｒａｇｏｓｔｉｎｏ ,ＣＡｒｂｉｚｚａｎｉ,ＲＰａ…     

直接甲醇燃料电池的研究进展

电催化剂;质子交换膜;膜电极集合体;电池性能;综述;直接甲醇燃料电池的研究进展     

质子交换膜燃料电池的研究

通过测定电压－电流密度曲线等方法研究质子交换膜燃料电池的电极参数。构造了Ｅｃｅｌｌ＝０．７Ｖ，Ｉ＝０．５５Ａ／ｃｍ＾２并能够稳定运行的燃料电池。改进电池的电极结构，研究了各种操作条件如温度，压力，增湿情况，尾气流量等对电池性能的影响。     

直接甲醇燃料电池中的膜性能比较

制备了磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)和磺化酚酞型聚醚砜(SPES-C)两种质子交换膜,考察了其质子导电和阻醇性能.实验发现,两种新型质子交换膜具有一定的化学稳定性和质子电导率,尤其在高温下两种新膜的质子电导率与Nafion膜接近.两种新膜的甲醇透过系数要比Nafion膜的低1～2个数量级.分别以两种新型膜和Nafion115膜为电解质制备了直接甲醇燃料电池膜电极,讨论了膜材料的性能对直接甲醇燃料电池性能的影响.结果表明,膜材料的阻醇性越好,电池的开路电压越高;膜的电导率越高,在较高电流密度区域内电池的性能越好.     

质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极耐久性的提升

质子交换膜燃料电池由于具有能量转换效率高、操作温度低、环境友好等优点而备受人们关注。随着2014年丰田发布燃料电池电动汽车Mirai,带来了新一轮燃料电池及燃料电池汽车的产业化热潮。然而,提升质子交换膜燃料电池的寿命,开发新一代长寿命燃料电池膜电极及燃料电池仍然是本领域的挑战性课题。膜电极(MEA)是质子交换膜燃料电池最核心的部件,其耐久性直接决定着燃料电池的寿命。MEA主要由质子交换膜、催化剂层、气体扩散层三部分组成。本文从质子交换膜、催化剂及载体、气体扩散层三个方面介绍了近年来国内外在提升燃料电池膜电极的寿命(耐久性)方面所做的工作,并对未来的相关研究和发展做了述评及展望。     

高性能高功率密度质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极

膜电极是质子交换膜燃料电池最为重要的核心部件,其性能直接决定着燃料电池的性能。提高膜电极的性能和功率密度,对于推动燃料电池的商业化进程具有十分重要的意义。通常意义上的膜电极包括质子交换膜、阴极催化层、阳极催化层、阴极气体扩散层和阳极气体扩散层等5个基本单元(常常称之为五合一膜电极),气体扩散层又包括气体扩散材料层和微孔整平层;膜电极的性能取决于材料和制备技术两个方面,制备技术、膜电极的关键组成材料、铂载量都对膜电极的性能和功率密度具有重要影响。近年来,随着催化剂和质子交换膜等关键材料性能的提升,以及制备技术的进步,国内外膜电极的性能得到了大幅度的提升,丰田公司燃料电池的体积功率密度可高达3.2 kW/L。本文将主要从膜电极制备技术的角度(涉及催化剂层和气体扩散层的制备技术等)介绍近年来高性能高功率密度膜电极的研究发展情况,同时介绍国内外在降低膜电极铂载量和开发自增湿膜电极方面的研究进展。     

聚合物电解质膜燃料电池薄电极制备技术的研究

为降低聚合物电解质膜燃料电池 (PEMFC)电极中铂的载量 ,本文建立一种新的薄电极制备技术 (TEFT) ,制备了表面平滑、颗粒分布均匀的低铂载量电极 .结果表明当电极的铂载量为 1mg/cm2 ,用Nafion 117膜作电解质时 ,电池的最大功率密度达 0 30W·cm-2 .系统地考察了阴极中不同PTFE和Nafion含量对PEMFC性能的影响 .     

燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）以质子交换膜（PEM）作为电解质和隔膜,其性能强烈地依靠PEM的性质。本文分析了PEMFC对PEM的要求,对全氟化、部分氟化和非氟化的PEM进行了分类介绍,着重讨论了膜的结构、制备、性质以及它们在PEMFC中的应用。     

采用Nafion粘结剂的PEMFC氧电极研究

研究了聚合物电解质燃料电池（PEMFC）中以Nation溶液取代PTFE乳液作粘结剂的效果．并对催化剂层内Nafion含量进行了优化，同时探讨了气体工作压力和离子交换膜的影响，实验发现：1．使用Nafion溶液后显著提高电池性能，Nafion含量为2mg·cm－2时性能技好；2．气体压力增大改善了电池位能；3．使用Nafion115膜的电池性能优于使用Nafion117膜的电池．要进一步提高电池性能，减小欧姆控制区的斜率是必要的．     

PEMFC膜电极组件(MEA)制备方法的评述

膜电极组件(MEA)是质子交换膜燃料电池的核心部件.本文在简述MEA结构的基础上,根据MEA制备过程中催化层支撑体不同,将目前已有的多种MEA制备方法分为两类制备模式:以GDL为支撑体和以PEM为支撑体的制备模式.文中对这些制备方法的特点进行了详细评述,对MEA制备方法的发展趋势进行了展望,认为以PEM为支撑体的制备模式是今后MEA制备的主要发展方向.     

Impact of metal cations on the electrocatalytic properties of Pt/C nanoparticles at multiple phase interfaces

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) use carbon-supported nanoparticles based on platinum and its alloys to accelerate the rate of the sluggish oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR). The most common metals alloyed to Pt include Co, Ni and Cu, and are thermodynamically unstable in the PEMFC environment. Their dissolution yields the formation and redistribution of metal cations (M(y+)) within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Metal cations can also contaminate the MEA when metallic bipolar plates are used as current collectors. In each case, the electrical performance of the PEMFC severely decreases, an effect that is commonly attributed to the poisoning of the sulfonic acid groups of the perfluorosulfonated membrane (PEM) and the resulting decrease of the proton transport properties. However, the impact of metal cations on the kinetics of electrochemical reactions involving adsorption/desorption and bond-breaking processes remains poorly understood. In this paper, we use model electrodes to highlight the effect of metal cations on Pt/C nanoparticles coated or not with a perfluorosulfonated ionomer for the CO electrooxidation reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction. We show that metal cations negatively impact the ORR kinetics and the mass-transport resistance of molecular oxygen. However, the specific adsorption of sulfonate groups of the Nafion? ionomer locally modifies the double layer structure and increases the tolerance to metal cations, even in the presence of sulphate ions in the electrolyte. The survey is extended by using an ultramicroelectrode with cavity and a solid state cell (SSC) specifically developed for this study.     

Application of polysulfone (PSf)– and polyether ether ketone (PEEK)–tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) composite membranes for water electrolysis

The ion exchange membrane using polysulfone (PSf) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) as a basic material was prepared to apply in the polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis (PEME). The sulfonated block copolymer of PSf and poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (SPSf-co-PPSS) and the sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK) were blended with tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) to avoid water swelling at elevated temperatures led to decrease in mechanical strength. These prepared ion exchange membranes showed some interesting characteristics including physicochemical stabilities, mechanical and membrane properties.The prepared ion exchange membrane was utilized to prepare the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). MEA consisted of Pt/PEM/Pt was prepared by equilibrium and non-equilibrium impregnation–reduction (I–R) methods. The prepared MEA by non-equilibrium I–R method was used in the PEME unit cell. The cell voltages of the MEA using SPSf-co-PPSS/TPA and SPEEK/TPA membranes were 1.83 V and 1.90 V at 1 A/cm² and 80 °C, with platinum loadings of 1.12 and 1.01 mg/cm², respectively.     

PEMFC催化剂的研究：自制Pt/C电催化剂的性质

研究了一种用于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的自制Pt/C电催化剂(标记为THYT-1)的物理化学和电化学性质.将THYT-1电催化剂与E-TEK公司的同类电催化剂的组成、形态及电催化性能进行了比较.单电池测试结果显示, THYT-1的电催化性能优于E-TEK电催化剂. CV测试结果表明CO在这两种电催化剂上的电氧化性能相近；TEM分析表明两种催化剂上Pt晶粒在炭载体上呈均匀分布，平均粒径均为2～3 nm； XPS和XRD测试结果表明两种催化剂中Pt主要以金属态存在.这些数据表明THYT-1催化剂的物理化学性质与E-TEK公司的相类似.     

质子交换膜燃料电池用膜材料的性能表征

质子交换膜(PEM)是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的关键组件之一,其性能的好坏在很大程度上决定了PEMFC的性能。本文对PEMFC膜材料的性能表征进行了综述,讨论了膜材料的孔隙率、密度、粘度、磺化率、稳定性、选择透过性及导电性等性能的表征。     

Severe accelerated degradation of PEMFC platinum catalyst: A thin film IL-SEM study

The degradation of a commercial platinum polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell catalyst has been studied under severe simulated start–stop conditions (50,000 cycles from 0.2 V to 1.4 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), employing a newly developed identical location scanning electron microscopy technique (IL-SEM). We show that significant platinum particle growth occurs on top of the catalyst film while platinum depletion takes place in the layers beneath. There is a possibility of misleading interpretation of thin film severe degradation experiments, when the catalyst loading and volume of electrolyte are neglected and when the non-identical location electron microscopy pictures are statistically analyzed.     

Mechanical endurance of polymer electrolyte membrane and PEM fuel cell durability

The life of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is currently limited by the mechanical endurance of polymer electrolyte membranes and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). In this paper, the authors report recent experimental and modeling work toward understanding the mechanisms of delayed mechanical failures of polymer electrolyte membranes and MEAs under relevant PEMFC operating conditions. Mechanical breach of membranes/MEAs in the form of pinholes and tears has been frequently observed after long‐term or accelerated testing of PEMFC cells/stacks. Catastrophic failure of cell/stack due to rapid gas crossover shortly follows the mechanical breach. Ex situ mechanical characterizations were performed on MEAs after being subjected to the accelerated chemical aging and relative humidity (RH) cycling tests. The results showed significant reduction of MEA ductility manifested as drastically reduced strain‐to‐failure of the chemically aged and RH‐cycled MEAs. Postmortem analysis revealed the formation and growth of mechanical defects such as cracks and crazing in the membranes and MEAs. A finite element model was used to estimate stress/strain states of an edge‐constrained MEA under rapid RH variations. Damage metrics for accelerated testing and life prediction of PEMFCs are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2346–2357, 2006