分子印迹固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时检测烟叶中磺酰脲类农药残留

以氯磺隆（CS）为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,在二氯甲烷氛围中,经沉淀聚合制备氯磺隆分子印迹聚合物（CS-MIP）微球。将该聚合物微球作为填料制得分子印迹固相萃取柱用于样品前处理,建立了分子印迹固相萃取-高效液相色谱（MIP-SPE-HPLC）同时检测烟叶中6种磺酰脲类除草剂残留的分析方法。针对氯磺隆、甲磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、苯磺隆、胺苯磺隆和烟嘧磺隆6种磺酰脲类除草剂,在烟叶中加标0.50~50 μg/g,经氯磺隆分子印迹固相萃取柱（CS-MIP-SPE）净化和富集,高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测,其平均回收率为77.60%~102.05%,相对标准偏差为0.16%~7.07%,检出限为0.08~0.46 μg/g。将MIP-SPE-HPLC方法用于实际农药残留检测,结果表明可同时满足烟叶中多种磺酰脲类除草剂残留量的检测要求。     

RP-HPLC内标法测定土壤中甲磺隆和氯磺隆的残留量

采用反相高效液相色谱-内标法测定了土壤中甲磺隆和氯磺隆的含量．以苯甲醇为内标物,C18反相柱（250mm×4．6mm i．d．,5μm）为分析柱,甲醇／1％醋酸钠水溶液（Ф=50／50）为流动相,流速1．0mL/min;检测波长254nm,柱温30℃．在甲磺隆浓度3．92-39．2mg／L,氯磺隆浓度2．02～20．2mg／L范围内,各对照品与苯甲醇的色谱峰面积比呈良好的线性关系．该方法准确、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好．     

高效液相色谱法测定玉米淀粉中禁用的脲类农药

应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了玉米淀粉中3种禁用的脲衍生物农药,即氯磺隆、枯草隆及定虫隆。试样中的上述农药用甲醇超声萃取,所得萃取液经蒸发并用氮气吹干后溶于1mL甲醇中供HPLC测定用。用ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱（2．1mm×150mm,5μm）作为固定相,并用不同比例配成的乙腈和水的混合液作为流动相进行梯度淋洗,采用220nm波长的列阵二极管检测器进行检测。3种农药的线性范围均在0．2～100．0mg·L^-1范围内,方法的检出限（S／N=3）为0．04mg·kg^-1（氯磺隆）,0．03mg·kg^-1（枯草隆）及0．01mg·kg^-1（定虫隆）。以玉米淀粉样品作基体用标准加入法作方法回收试验和精密度试验,测得上述3种农药的平均回收率（n=5）依次为92．0％,93．4％及95．9％;相对标准偏差（n=6）依次为3．5％,2．7％及3．8％。     

磺酰脲类除草剂在水、土壤及小麦中残留分析的前处理方法研究

分别采用不同的前处理方法处理水、土壤和小麦样品。水样采用C18固相萃取小柱净化和富集;土壤样品以二氯甲烷为提取剂,超声波提取,液-液分配净化;小麦样品经二氯甲烷超声波提取,氟罗里硅土柱净化、富集。样品中磺酰脲除草剂甲磺隆、氯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆的残留量采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器同时测定。三种磺酰脲除草剂在0.1～4.0mg·mL-1范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9996～0.9997之间。水样、土壤样品和小麦样品的平均加标回收率分别为82.0%～107.0%、84.5%～100.6%、80.0%～98.5%,相对标准偏差在0.7%～11.2%之间。     

基于十八烷基三甲基溴化铵修饰的磁性粒子在线磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水样中磺酰脲类农药

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备表面修饰了十八烷基三甲基溴化铵的磁性粒子作为萃取剂，研制了一种在线磁性固相萃取（on-line MSPE）装置，建立了on-line MSPE与高效液相色谱联用测定水样中两种磺酰脲类农药（氯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆）的方法。实验优化了在线磁性固相萃取条件并进行方法学考察，证明该方法具有良好的线性关系（两种目标物的线性相关系数均≥ 0.9997）和较低的检出限（两种目标物的检出限分别为0.32和1.12 μg/L）。将此法用于3种环境水样中两种磺酰脲类农药的检测，水样中均检出氯磺隆，均未检出苄嘧磺隆。两种目标物加标回收率为70.0%~113.4%。该方法高效、简便，在分离富集环境水样中磺酰脲类农药方面有一定的应用前景。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定大豆中10种磺酰脲类除草剂的残留量

首次建立了同时检测大豆中10种磺酰脲类除草剂(环氧嘧磺隆、噻吩磺隆、甲磺隆、醚苯磺隆、氯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、氟磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、氯嘧磺隆和氟嘧磺隆)多残留量的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)方法。样品经乙腈提取、正己烷液-液分配、Florisil填充柱净化后,采用RP-HPLC-二极管阵列检测器检测(DAD)法测定,外标法定量。对样品前处理和色谱分离条件进行了详细的研究和优化。10种磺酰脲类除草剂的质量浓度在0.1~10.0 mg/L范围内其浓度与峰面积的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996~0.9997;在     

新型含二甲氧基甲基嘧啶基磺酰脲衍生物的合成及生物活性

将二甲氧基甲基引入到嘧啶环的4位, 设计并合成了15个结构新颖的磺酰脲类衍生物. 初步生物活性测试结果表明, 目标化合物具有较好的除草活性. 在75 g/ha的剂量下, 化合物6a和6g对油菜的芽前除草活性为100%, 与对照药单嘧磺隆和氯磺隆相当; 在50 mg/L的浓度下, 化合物6i和6o对3种病菌的离体抑制率都超过80%, 与对照药百菌清和多菌灵接近.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定大豆和大米中的磺酰脲类和二苯醚类除草剂残留

建立了大豆和大米中磺酰脲类和二苯醚类除草剂多残留同时检测的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,正己烷液-液分配,C18固相萃取小柱净化后,采用高效液相色谱方法分离,以乙腈-三乙胺盐酸溶液作流动相,梯度洗脱,紫外检测器检测。对样品前处理和色谱分析条件进行了优化,8种除草剂(甲磺隆、氯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、三氟羧草醚、精恶唑禾草灵、乙氧氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚)在0.05~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好。方法的定量限(S/N=10)为0.01~0.02 mg/kg,能达到国家有关上述除草剂残留限量的要求。大豆和大米样品的平均加标回收率分别为91.6%~116.1%和76.6%~110.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~12.2%。所建立的方法在30 min内可完成一次检测,具有简便快速、灵敏可靠的特点,适用于大豆和大米中除草剂多残留的测定。     

磺酰脲类化合物在水稻田中的除草性能

水稻是我国重要的粮食作物,但杂草对水稻的产量和品质产生了严重影响。 化学防除是治理水稻田杂草最有效的途径。 文中设计合成了苯环2,6-取代和2,5-取代两个系列磺酰脲类化合物,并通过核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)和高分辨质谱仪(HRMS)等对其进行了结构表征。 通过水稻田除草活性和安全性测试发现化合物在水稻田中具有较好的除草活性,尤其是化合物10a对水稻田中的主要杂草稗草和醴肠除草活性(目测初筛防效大于90%)优于对照药醚苯磺隆和氯磺隆,安全性与之相当。     

2-甲基-6-硝基苯磺酰脲衍生物的合成及生物活性

设计合成了一系列2-甲基-6-硝基苯磺酰脲衍生物(4a~4p),通过核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)对其结构进行了确认.盆栽法除草测试结果表明,在300 g/ha剂量下,目标化合物具有优异的芽前或芽后除草活性.进一步筛选发现,在75 g/ha剂量下,化合物4b,4g,4h,4l和4p对油菜、反枝苋和稗草具有98%以上的除草活性,与对照药单嘧磺隆(100%)和氯磺隆(≥96.3%)相当.另外,部分化合物对真菌也表现出一定的抑制效果,其中化合物4l对油菜菌核病菌的半最大效应浓度EC50=9.20 mg/L(对照药多菌灵的EC50=5.79 mg/L).     

超疏水性材料表面的制备、应用和相关理论研究的新进展

文章总结了Wenzel方程、Cassie方程及一种具有极高精确度的,可方便测出固体表面上液滴前进角和后退角的测试方法等超疏水表面的最新理论研究成果;回顾了溶胶凝胶法、化学修饰法、喷涂法、液相法、化学蚀刻法、水热法、微相分离法、原位聚合法、静电纺丝法、阳极氧化法等近几年出现的超疏水表面的制备方法;介绍了在微物质能量、生物医学、光学、燃料以及电池应用等领域超疏水表面的最新功能性的应用。最后,客观地展望了超疏水表面制备及理论研究的发展方向。     

Liquid chromatographic determination of pyrantel tartrate in medicated formulations

The validation of a novel liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the determination of pyrantel tartrate in feed is presented. The method provides a significant improvement over the efficiency and precision of AOAC Official Method 978.30. The method was shown to be accurate, precise, linear, and robust for medicated articles. Unlike the official method, the LC method was shown to be a superior stability-indicating method. After the method was validated by using laboratory blends, the effectiveness of the method was demonstrated with marketed product as well.     

Development of effective Stokesian dynamics method for ferromagnetic colloidal dispersions (cluster-based Stokesian dynamics method)

We have developed a new Stokesian dynamics (SD) method for nondilute colloidal dispersions, which enables us to reduce drastically the computation time. To verify the validity of the present method, which is called the "cluster-based SD method," three-dimensional simulations of a ferromagnetic colloidal dispersion have been carried out for a simple shear flow. The correlation function and viscosity have been evaluated to compare the results obtained by the present method with those obtained by the ordinary SD method and by the method of ignoring hydrodynamic interactions between particles. The results obtained here are summarized as follows. The transient properties from an initial state obtained by the present method agree well with those obtained by the ordinary method, even if a radius r(clstr), which defines the cluster formation, is taken as a small value such as r(clstr)=1.2d (d is the particle diameter). Also, the equilibrium properties such as the pair correlation function and viscosity obtained by the present cluster-based method are in satisfactory agreement with those obtained by the ordinary SD method. Furthermore, the cluster-based method drastically reduces the computation time to about one-fourteenth to one-seventieth that of the ordinary method. It is clear from these results that the cluster-based SD method is significantly superior to the ordinary SD method for ferromagnetic colloidal dispersions for which a large model system such as N=1000 or 10,000 is indispensable in simulations.     

Lower Bounds to Ground-State Eigenvalues II

An alternative to the Temple method for calculating a lower bound to the ground-state eigenvalue of an operator is presented. The method presented is an improvement and generalization upon a similar method [M.G. Marmorino, J. Math. Chem. 32 (2002) 19–29]. For the system tested the lower bound of the current method is significantly superior to the Temple method and the previous method. Furthermore, the current method (like its predecessor) is able to generate a lower bound when the Temple method fails.     

卟啉纳米材料的新法合成

采用液体分子嵌入法将卟啉分子引入到孔径为几十纳米的硅藻土孔内，制得了粒径在１０－２０ｎｍ左右的卟啉微晶。通过紫外、红外、Ｘ射线衍射透射电镜和表面光电压谱等手段证实卟啉微晶被固载在硅藻土孔径向。     

径向基-偏最小二乘-贝叶斯方法及其在化学模式分类中的应用

提出一种用于模式分类的RBF-PLS—Bayes方法。它集成地应用径向基(RBF)变换与偏最小二乘(PLS)方法，从原有模式中提取出分类能力甚强的成分，然后进行贝叶斯(Bayes)判别。这种集成方法尤其适用于复杂化学信息的模式分类，本文将其应用于两种类型的化学模式分类问题，均取得了令人满意的效果。与经典的判别分析方法和单纯的神经网络方法相比，具有明显的优越性。     

叠加内标法色谱定量分析

 叠加内标法是指在色谱定量分析中将内标法与叠加法结合的一种新的定量方法。叙述了叠加内标法定量的理论依据 ,规定了其操作步骤 ,并详细说明了这种方法的适用条件和优缺点。     

Comparison study of two procedures for the determination of emamectin benzoate in medicated fish feed

A new method has been developed for the determination of emamectin benzoate in fish feed. The method uses a wet extraction, cleanup by solid-phase extraction, and quantitation and separation by liquid chromatography (LC). In this paper, we compare the performance of this method with that of a previously reported LC assay for the determination of emamectin benzoate in fish feed. Although similar to the previous method, the new procedure uses a different sample pretreatment, wet extraction, and quantitation method. The performance of the new method was compared with that of the previously reported method by analyses of 22 medicated feed samples from various commercial sources. A comparison of the results presented here reveals slightly lower assay values obtained with the new method. Although a paired sample t-test indicates the difference in results is significant, this difference is within the method precision of either procedure.     

有机酸分析的柱后缓冲电导法与紫外法、直接电导法的比较

柱后缓冲电导法采用柱后调节pH值,电导检测器检测的方法检测有机酸,它避免了经常使用的紫外法选择性差,直接电导法灵敏度低的缺点,是可以实现有机酸准确定量的一种新型分析方法.本文比较了这三种方法的分析结果.     

Equivalence of Two Lower Bound Methods

Two lower bound methods are compared: the inverse method and a generalized variance method. As the generalized variance method is a generalization of the simple method of variance, the inverse method is shown to be a generalization of the Temple formula. We show that for the same a priori information and basis set, the generalized variance and inverse methods are equivalent.