任意组分两出口体系串级萃取静态优化设计研究

提出了任意组分体系溶剂萃取串级分离工艺的精确算法。并推导了溶剂萃取串级分离萃取平衡和物料平衡关系,给出了两端出口组分组成的最简通用计算公式,解决了静态算法设计的关键问题。利用萃取平衡和物料平衡关系进行静态递推,实现了任意组分体系静态精确设计。这一方法可以解决目前任意组分体系两出口串级分离的理论优化设计问题。     

串级萃取理论的发展历程及最新进展

20世纪70年代,徐光宪教授创建了串级萃取理论,建立了稀土串级萃取工艺的最优化参数计算方法。结合计算机技术,又建立了串级萃取工艺的静态参数设计和动态仿真计算技术,实现了工艺设计参数到工业规模生产应用的"一步放大"。近40年来,串级萃取理论及其计算方法始终引领和支撑着中国稀土分离技术的持续发展,同时,萃取工艺技术和装备的进步也不断地促进了该理论的丰富与完善。理论的适用范围由早期的恒定混合萃取比体系发展到非恒定混合萃取比体系,分离流程由两出口发展到三出口、多出口体系,并进一步发展为多入口、多出口的联动萃取工艺;串级萃取工艺的最优化参数计算方法也由两组份体系拓展至多组分分离体系,从单一工艺优化拓展到稀土全分离流程的整体优化。本文简要综述了串级萃取理论发展中的重要工作与应用情况,深入介绍了联动萃取工艺计算及流程优化等方面的最新进展及应用前景。     

稀土萃取分离工艺研究新进展

综述了近年来我们实验室在稀土萃取分离工艺研究方面取得的一些新进展。主要有:(1)稀土萃取分离工艺的计算机一步放大;(2)回流启动技术;(3)三出口新工艺;(4)稀土料液浓缩新方法;(5)稀土与非稀土元素的分离;(6)专家系统技术在稀土萃取分离工艺控制中的应用。     

多组分多出口稀土串级萃取静态优化设计研究(I)静态设计算法

研究了多组分、多出口稀土串级萃取体系静态优化设计过程的精确计算方法. 首先推导出串级萃取体系最重要的物料平衡和萃取平衡关系, 其次根据分离要求等条件确定了各出口的相对流量, 利用萃取平衡和物料平衡关系进行静态递推, 并在求解过程中根据物料平衡关系引入了校正参数, 通过对递推结果的迭代校正, 最终得到收敛的计算结果, 解决了静态设计算法的关键问题. 这一方法为多组分多出口稀土串级萃取过程的静态优化设计提供了精确算法.     

用三组份同时分离法氨化萃取分离Gd—Tb—Dy

用普通分馏萃取工艺分离物质一次只能分离两个组份,若连续分离多种物质,则需很长工艺流程.文献[1]报导了用N_(26?)萃取分离La-Pr-Nd的三出口串级实验结果.本文报导用氨化HEH(EHP)同时萃取分离Gd-Tb-Dy的串级试验结果.     

多组份稀土体系串级萃取分离理论(Ⅰ)多组份稀土体系串级萃取分离的静态平衡出口级组成的计算

对多组份稀土体系串级萃取分离的静态平衡出口级组成计算进行了研究, 并给出了多组份稀土体系串级萃取分离的静态平衡出口级组成的计算公式, 利用本文给出的计算公式可以比较精确, 比较方便地计算出多组份稀土体系分离时出口级中各组份数的组成.     

轻稀土萃取分离工艺技术经济评价

在传统、三出口、组合联动轻稀土萃取分离工艺研究分析的基础上,设计开发了带模糊分离和置换萃取等技术的组合联动轻稀土萃取分离新工艺流程,并与传统工艺进行了技术经济比较。经比较证明,组合联动轻稀土分离新工艺先进合理,充槽投资更省,生产成本更低,生产废水排放更少。     

多组份多出口稀土串级萃取静态优化设计研究(Ⅱ)静态程序设计及动态仿真验证

基于多组分多出口稀土串级萃取优化参数的静态设计算法, 设计了相应的计算程序, 采用该程序针对某稀土分离实例进行了静态参数计算, 并对最优化工艺参数进行了动态仿真验证. 结果表明, 采用该静态设计算法的软件在参数计算中运行快速、结果准确, 完全可满足萃取分离工艺的参数设计要求.     

稀土萃取分离流程的优化选择

溶剂萃取分离法是稀土分离的主要方法。稀土萃取分离的工艺包括溶剂萃取体系、工艺参数的优化选择[1-2]和分离流程的优化选择[3]。优化目的是减少消耗,降低成本。1　选择稀土分离流程的判别式用Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ分别表示单一稀土元素或多个稀土元素的组合,萃取次序为Ａ-Ｂ-Ｃ,其摩尔分数分别为ｆＡ、ｆＢ、ｆＣ。βＡＢ为Ａ/Ｂ切割的分离系数,βＢＣ为Ｂ/Ｃ切割的分离系数。分离ＡＢＣ混合稀土的二出口流程有以下两种:流程Ｉ　　　　　　　流程ＩＩ选择Ａ/ＢＣ切割即选择流程Ｉ,选择ＡＢ/Ｃ切割即选择流程ＩＩ。显然,分离流程的优化选择实质上…     

二烷基次膦酸改性的SiO2基萃淋树脂的制备及吸附分离锆铪的性能

核级锆铪分离是限制我国核能发展的“卡脖子”难题,溶剂萃取法是应用最为广泛的锆铪分离工艺,但存在污染严重、分离效率低、易产生第三相等问题。萃取色层法分离相似金属离子效率高,优先吸附含量少的铪的萃淋树脂是萃取色层法分离锆铪的关键。本文以亲水性二氧化硅(SiO₂)为基底,合成了优先吸附铪的悬挂二烷基次膦酸官能团的新型萃淋树脂(SiO₂-POOH)。通过FT-IR和SEM-EDS对萃淋树脂SiO₂-POOH进行表征,通过静态吸附实验研究H₂SO₄体系下SiO₂-POOH对锆铪的吸附分离性能。结果表明：(1) H₂SO₄体系下,SiO₂-POOH优先吸附铪。在H₂SO₄浓度0.5～4mol·L^-1范围内,随着H₂SO₄浓度的增大,锆铪的吸附率均降低;(2)低酸度(0.5～1.0mol·L     

Preconcentration based on paramagnetic microparticles for the separation of sarcosine using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with coulometric detection

Sarcosine has been identified as a potential prostate cancer marker. To provide determination of this compound, a number of methods are developing. In this study, we optimized a method for its separation by hydrophilic interaction LC with electrochemical detection (ED). Due to the fact that mobile phases commonly used for this type of separation altered the LODs measured by electrochemical detectors, we applied postcolumn dosing of buffer suitable for ED. The optimized conditions were mobile phase A acetonitrile, mobile phase B water in the ratio A/B 70:30, with postcolumn addition of mobile phase C (200 mM phosphate buffer pH 9). The optimal mixing ratio was A + B/C 1:1 with a flow rate of 0.80 mL/min (0.40 + 0.40 mL/min) and detection potential of 1000 mV. Due to the optimization of the parameters for effective separation, which had to meet the optimal parameters of ED, we reached a good resolution for separation also with a good LOD (100 nM). In addition, we successfully carried out sarcosine analysis bound on our modified paramagnetic microparticles with the ability to preconcentrate sarcosine isolated from artificial urine.     

Simultaneous enrichment and separation of flavonoids from Herba Epimedii by macroporous resins coupled with preparative chromatographic method

An efficient, feasible enrichment and separation method of epimedins A, B, C and icariin from Herba Epimedii was developed by the combination of microwave-assisted extraction, macroporous resins and preparative HPLC. WDX-5 macroporous resin shows better recoveries at 96.2%, 97.0%, 98.2% and 97.1% for epimedins A, B, C and icariin than other macroporous resins used in the experiments. As a result, epimedins A (5.1 mg), B (15.3 mg), C (7.6 mg) and icariin (14.3 mg) were obtained from 6.0 g crude Herba Epimedii with the recoveries at 70.8%, 68.9%, 66.7% and 95.3%, respectively. The method developed in this study may provide scientific references for the enrichment and separation of flavonoids from Herba Epimedii.     

Analysis of methylene blue and its metabolites in blood by capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A method for the determination of methylene blue (MB) and its metabolites (azure A, azure B and azure C) in rat blood by CE-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) was developed in this paper. Different analytical parameters were investigated in detail such as pH and concentration of separation buffer, and ESI-MS instrumental parameters. Under the optimum conditions, MB and its metabolites were separated and detected in 27.3 min. LODs (defined as S/N=3) of this method were 0.22, 0.25, 0.10 and 0.30 μg/mL for MB, azure A, azure B and azure C, respectively. To get a satisfactory extraction efficiency of MB and its metabolites in rat blood, different extraction solutions were studied. By using this method, MB and its metabolites (azure A, azure B and azure C) were successfully analyzed in rat blood samples.     

多级离心连续逆流手性萃取模型及模拟

基于单级手性萃取数学模型和质量守恒定律,建立了多级离心手性萃取数学模型,设计了多级离心萃取数学模型程序,并对多级离心萃取分离苯基琥珀酸（PSA）对映体进行了模拟.模拟了相比、萃取剂浓度、对映体浓度、进料位置和萃取级数等工艺参数对萃取效果（产物纯度和产率）的影响.模拟结果表明,考察的工艺参数共同影响萃取相和萃余相的产物纯度及产率;采用中间位置进料和较大的W/F相比有利于对称分离.实验发现：采用中间位置进料,10级离心萃取后萃取相中苯基琥珀酸的光学纯度ee（对映体过量）达到56%以上.模拟结果还表明,采用26级离心萃取器,中间进料,逆流分级萃取,萃取相及萃余相中的光学纯度ee都能达到98%以上.     

Analysis of ochratoxins from buffered rumen fluid by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Summary An efficient procedure for the extraction and analysis of ochratoxins A, B, C and α from buffered rumen fluid has been developed. The samples have been cleaned up byliquid-liquid extraction and the separation of chratoxins was by isocratic elution on a 5μm C₁₈ ODS-column which 0.083 M phosphoric acid/acetonitrile/isopropanol (55/35/10).     

液膜分离富集、测定痕量钼

用乳状液膜体系对钼进行富集。该体系包括载体 ( 5,8-二乙基 - 7-羟基十二烷 - 6-单肟 ,简称LIX63)、表面活性剂 (N1 1 3C)、溶剂(煤油 )以及内相 ( 0 .1 5mol/LNaOH溶液 )。研究了乳状液膜的稳定性、温度、钼的浓度、外相的HNO3溶液浓度及乳水比等因素对分离富集钼的影响。实验表明 ,在适宜的条件下 ,钼的迁移率可达 99.5%～1 0 0 .2 %。该法已应用于富集、测定纯钨和钢铁中的痕量钼 ,结果相当满意     

虎杖中主要蒽醌的提取分离及HPLC分析测定

高压液相色谱法;虎杖中主要蒽醌的提取分离及HPLC分析测定     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测花生中的黄曲霉毒素B_1

应用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱联用系统(HPLC-MS/MS),在多反应离子检测方式(MRM)下,对花生中的黄曲霉毒素B1进行检测.对花生中黄曲霉毒素B1的提取、净化、液相分离及串联质谱等相关检测参数进行了优化研究.用V(甲醇):V(水)=6:4提取,OASIS HLB SPE小柱净化,定容过滤.采用V(甲醇):V(水)(含体积分数0.1%甲酸)=7:3为流动相,前级离子313.0,二级离子241.1、269.1,ESI正离子方式检测,在3.3 min出峰.结果表明,在ESI正离子模式下,黄曲霉毒素B1在其线性定量范围0.1～50μg/kg内,相关系数达到0.9999,检出限为0.03μg/kg,最低定量限为0.1μg/kg.低、中、高浓度添加回收率范围为93%～105%.     

Extraction separation of strontium and yttrium radionuclides by hydrogen heptachlorodicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of benzo-15-crown-5

Extraction of strontium and yttrium by the nitrobenzene solution of H⁺-form of heptachloro-bis-1,2-dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B^–) in the presence of benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5, L) has been investigated. The presence of B15C5 leads to a great synergistic effect for the extraction of strontium and an antagonistic effect for the extraction of yttrium. The extraction constants of Sr²⁺ complexes of B15C5 were determined. The separation factor a(Sr/Y) in the system with B15C5 presents the same order of magnitude as that for 15C5.