模板法制备枝状Pt纳米线

一维纳米材料的制备是近年来纳米材料的研究热点. 利用具有纳米尺度的孔洞阵列模板沉积各种材料构筑纳米线的方法具有制备简便和成本较低等优点[1,2]. 常用的模板有多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)、多孔硅和聚合物等, 其中AAO模板具有耐高温, 绝缘性好, 孔洞分布均匀, 孔径、孔深大小可控等特点, 是模板法研究的热点. 通过模板法电化学沉积制备各种金属纳米线已有很多报道[3～8], 本研究小组也曾报道了模板法电化学沉积Au等纳米线的制备及性质[9～12], 但用该方法制备的金属纳米线都为单一的线状结构. 组成当代大规模集成电路的基本器件一般具有3个或3个以上的电极. 单一的线状结构纳米线, 不能满足纳米电子学对纳米材料和纳米器件性能研究的需要. 在纳米器件的特性研究和探索中, 枝状或Y形纳米结的制备有重要的意义, 它是纳米器件从理论到实用化的必备条件. Sui等[13]用模板法成功制备了枝状碳纳米管, 但用AAO模板制备枝状金属纳米线的研究至今还未见报道. 本文通过控制铝片的阳极氧化条件, 先制备出具有分枝状孔洞结构的AAO模板, 再用电化学法沉积金属Pt, 实现了枝状Pt纳米线的可控生长. 这对其它金属枝状纳米线的制备以及进一步掺杂、构筑纳米原型器件等具有显著的实用价值.     

静电纺丝法制备NiO纳米纤维及其表征

纳米级NiO因具有优良的催化和热敏等性能而被广泛用于催化剂[1]、电池电极[2,3]、光电转化材料[4～6]、电化学电容器[7～8]等诸多方面.迄今,已成功地制备出N iO的纳米颗粒[9]、纳米线[10]及纳米薄膜[11],但是对于具有准一维结构的NiO纳米纤维的制备及性能研究尚未见报道.     

阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板法制备Cd(OH)2和CdO纳米棒

一维纳米材料如纳米管、纳米棒和纳米线等由于其独特的性质及其潜在的应用前景而引起了人们广泛的关注[1,2].近几十年来,合成和表征一维纳米材料取得了很大的进步,迄今为止,已有许多合成纳米材料的方法[3,4],但是这些方法往往需要多个步骤,操作复杂,条件苛刻.     

不同取向的CoSb3纳米线阵列的电化学法制备

近年来,金属纳米线及其阵列由于其新奇的物理和化学特性和在纳米器件方面潜在的应用前景,越来越受到人们的关注。氧化铝模板合成一维纳米材料具有设备简单、制作方便等优点,因而成为近年来人们常用的一种方法。利用电化学沉积的方法在多孔氧化铝模板中沉积各种成分的纳米线已成为纳米材料制备的一种常见的方法。这种方法不仅可以得到大面积有序的纳米线阵列,还可以根据需要调节孔洞的大小来控制纳米线的直径[1￣3]。最近理论研究结果预言[4￣6],由于纳米材料的量子限域效应,热电材料的纳米线将有比其相应块体材料更高的品质因数n,这极大地激…     

水热法合成一维纳米材料的研究进展

一维纳米材料由于其独特的物理、化学性质和在探针、器件等方面的巨大潜在应用,引起了人们广泛关注.水热法是合成纳米线、纳米棒、纳米带、纳米管和纳米电缆等一维纳米材料的有效方法.本文慨述了国内外利用水热法制备一维纳米材料的研究进展.     

氧化铁纳米线阵列的溶胶-凝胶模板法制备与表征

0引言氧化铁在颜料、磁记录材料和催化剂等方面具有广泛的应用[1,2]。尤其是纳米氧化铁在纳米尺度具有良好的气敏特性[3]。纳米材料可以分为零维、一维、二维纳米材料,一维材料是纳米材料的重要组成部分,是纳米组装的基础。一维纳米材料的制备方法中氧化铝模板法占有极其重要的     

竖直浮动催化CVD法合成毫米级定向纳米碳纤维束

碳纳米管[1]和纳米碳纤维[2]的合成和应用是当前一维碳纳米材料理论和实验研究的焦点[3]。定向排列的碳纳米材料由于具有特殊的组织和性能[4~6],具有广泛的应用前景,例如,它可以作为优异的电子发射源,用于制作平板显示器等[6]。所有合成一维碳纳米材料的方法中[1,4,7],只有化学     

溶剂热法制备Bi2S3纳米材料

0引言纳米材料具有特殊的结构和性能,可广泛应用于化学、物理学、电子学、光学、机械和生物医药学等领域[1￣5]。其中一维或准一维纳米结构体系或纳米材料的研究既是研究其它低维材料的基础,又与纳米电子器件及微型传感器密切相关,是近年来国内外研究的前沿[6￣9]。近年来,人们虽然做了许多尝试来制备一维纳米结构材料,但合成这类材料特别是合成半导体一维纳米材料仍然是一个巨大的挑战。随着维数的减小,半导体材料的电子能态发生变化,其光、电、声、磁等方面性能与常规体材料相比有着显著的不同[10￣12]。Bi2S3是一种重要的半导体材料,受…     

铟掺杂的竹节型钛酸盐纳米线的制备与表征

自日本科学家Iijima[1]于1991年发现碳纳米管以来,一维纳米结构的纳米棒、纳米线以及纳米管等由于在科学研究和工业应用方面的重要作用已引起了人们的广泛关注[2].     

复杂一维纳米材料的构筑及储钠性能

一维纳米材料因其独特的结构和物化性质而被广泛应用于能源存储与转换等领域. 钠离子电池由于钠资源储量丰富和成本低廉等特点而有望用于大规模能源存储. 随着能源需求的不断增长和研究的日益深入,一维纳米材料也经历着结构从简单到复杂、性能从一般到优异的演变. 因此,构筑结构复杂独特、储钠性能优异的一维纳米材料已成为储能领域的热点之一. 结合当前的研究热点和本课题组的研究进展,本文重点阐述了有机酸辅助干燥法、水热法和静电纺丝法制备复杂一维纳米材料的详细机理及其储钠性能,材料包括束状纳米线、介孔纳米管、豌豆状纳米管和离子预嵌入纳米带等,并对它们的结构与储钠性能相关性进行了详细分析. 这为一维纳米材料后续的研究和应用提供了一定的指导和帮助.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.