用电子鼻研究不同烘丝过程对卷烟挥发性成分的影响

采用电子鼻对卷烟烟丝挥发性组分进行分析,分别考察了前处理制样与电子鼻顶空平衡时间对结果的影响。确定采用三包卷烟的烟丝作为大样本,混合均匀后称取适量样品直接电子鼻分析,电子鼻顶空平衡温度为55℃。应用电子鼻在该参数下对不同烘丝方式和温度参数处理的卷烟烟丝挥发性成分进行气味指纹图谱和PCA分析,同连续流动法测定的常规化学成分结果作了比较,结果表明电子鼻能够反映规常规化学成分检测手段不能区分的不同烘丝过程带来的挥发性组分改变。     

卷烟加工关键工序烟草碱、中性香味成分变化研究

卷烟在制丝过程中,烟叶原料要经过加温、加湿和干燥等处理,温度、湿度等外界条件在不断地发生变化,必然会引起烟草内部化学成分的一系列变化。本文采用同时蒸馏萃取的前处理方法,对卷烟加工过程中松片回潮、润叶加料、烘丝3个关键生产工序前后的碱、中性香味成分进行了GC-MS法定性定量分析。为卷烟加工工艺技术参数的优化、工艺控制的改进提供理论依据。     

三种丁香花精油的挥发性成分比较分析

为了解紫丁香、白丁香和红丁香花蕾精油样品挥发性成分的差异，采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）分析了三种丁香花精油样品的挥发性成分，并对三者的挥发性成分进行了主成分分析和聚类分析。结果从紫丁香、白丁香和红丁香精油中分别解析出46、64和56种挥发性物质，包括烷烃类、酯类、醇类、酮类、烯烃类、酚类、有机酸等，其中共有的挥发性成分为9种。三种丁香花精油样品的挥发性成分比较分析显示，酯类是含量最高的挥发性成分，其次是烷烃类，并且这两类物质在不同品种的丁香花精油中含量不同。统计分析结果表明三种样品的挥发性成分之间没有明显差别。本研究为增加丁香花精油的应用范围提供了理论依据。     

烘丝前后烟丝多元酸和高级脂肪酸变化研究

烟草中的多元酸对抽吸品质有重要影响,它们能与生物碱结合成盐,调节烟草中碱性成分的挥发性。高级脂肪酸可分成饱和与不饱和两类,饱和脂肪酸能增加烟气的脂肪味、腊味并使之圆和;不饱和脂肪酸增加烟气的丰满度和粗糙感。卷烟在烘丝过程中由于温度、湿度的变化而引起烟草内部化学成分的变化。本文应用甲酯衍生化和GC-MS法,对卷烟加工过程中烘丝工序前后的多元酸和高级脂肪酸进行了定性定量分析。为卷烟配方和加工工艺参数的优化提供理论依据。     

吸附热脱附-气质联用技术分析烟丝中挥发及半挥发性成分

卷烟致香成分是卷烟质量的重要指标,利用吸附热脱附-气相色谱-质谱技术分析了烟丝中挥发及半挥发性成分79种,其中酸性物质17种,碱性物质5种,中性物质57种,为烟草化学研究提供了简单快速的分析方法.     

滤棒中线纤维化学特性对卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量的影响

为了研究中线滤棒中线纤维化学特性对卷烟主流烟气中有害成分释放量的影响,采用Boehm滴定法及FT-IR光谱对纤维的基团及数量进行了分析,并结合烟气常规以及主流烟气有害成分释放量的检测探讨了纤维的化学特性与主流烟气有害成分释放量之间的相关性。结果显示：（1）卷烟主流烟气中NH。释放量随着纤维酸性基团数量的增加而降低;HCN释放量随着纤维碱性基团数量的增加而降低;（2）影响苯酚释放量的主要因素是纤维的内酯基,其次是纤维的酸碱性;（3）卷烟主流烟气中巴豆醛的释放量随纤维的氨基基团数量的增加而降低。     

热裂解-气相色谱-质谱法分析烟用咖啡颗粒热裂解特性

利用热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用分析烟用咖啡颗粒的热裂解特性。分别于150、200、250、300、350℃对烟用咖啡颗粒进行热裂解分析，同时针对不同水分含量和粒径的咖啡颗粒在同一温度下进行热裂解成分分析。结果显示，随着温度的升高，热裂解产物逐渐增多，释放物质的种类逐渐也逐渐增多，在250℃时咖啡颗粒生成关键致香成分占比较高。不同水分含量和粒径的咖啡颗粒在250℃裂解时，水分越高，裂解产物中烟碱含量占比越高，烟气越充足；粒径越小，裂解产物中咖啡因和烟碱的总量越大，香气质量也越高。该试验为咖啡颗粒在卷烟中应用时的温度设计和香气品质改善提供理论依据。     

顶空-固相微萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取沙棘挥发油组分的比较研究

优化了顶空-固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)提取沙棘挥发性成分的条件,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分别对HS-SPME法和水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)的提取物进行分析。结果显示,在萃取温度为70℃,萃取时间为50 min,解吸时间为7 min,平衡时间为20 min条件下,HS-SPME法鉴定出76种组分,占挥发性物质总量的90.19%,主要成分为酯类、醛类和酮类;而SD法提取物共鉴定出56种组分,占挥发性物质总量的91.98%,主要成分为酯类。2种方法共有组分为20种。两种方法提取的沙棘挥发油组分的种类及含量差异较大,HS-SPME法更适合沙棘挥发性组分的快速检测。     

几种保润剂对卷烟烟气化学成分的影响

考察了不同类别的保润剂(丙二醇、甘油、27664号保润剂、木糖醇和山梨醇)对卷烟烟气化学成分的影响,包括对烟气总粒相物、烟碱、水分、焦油含量及卷烟烟气中致香成分组成和有害物质含量的变化。结果表明:①加入不同种类的保润剂后对卷烟烟气的化学成分有明显的影响,而且其影响随着添加量的变化而变化。②随着各种保润剂的加入,卷烟烟气中致香成分总量均比空白卷烟烟气显著增大,同时烟气中苯类和胺类有害物质含量也增大。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析卷烟烟丝和“九曲红梅”红茶样品在加热不燃烧条件下释放出的挥发物及用掺入红茶的烟丝制卷烟的初步探讨

将"九曲红梅"红茶(以下简称红茶)与卷烟烟丝样品分别经过粉碎并通过0.177mm网筛,制成分析用样品。称取0.2mg样品,在裂解炉中,温度为200℃的条件下,在氦气氛围中,样品挥发性成分瞬间气化,由载气带入气相色谱-质谱仪器系统,经分离和测定,得到了两种样品在此条件下所释放出成分。烟丝样品在此加热不燃烧条件下,释放的物质主要有人为添加的发烟剂丙三醇(59.34%),以及其本身的组分烟碱(20.34%)、3-丁炔-1-醇(4.32%)、5-羟甲基糠醛(3.23%)和2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮(2.12%)等。红茶样品中释放出的主要成分有咖啡因(86.23%)以及16种低含量特征组分。将此红茶样品按质量百分比为5%,10%,30%的比例加入卷烟烟丝中,并测定其在加热不燃烧的条件下释放物质量的变化,并结合感官评价。结果发现:混入不同比例红茶的烟丝,加热后释放出的气体中咖啡因的含量按茶叶的配比量的增加依次为0.71%,1.96%,7.23%;感官评价表明红茶加入卷烟烟丝中,提升了卷烟烟气的优雅感,强化了卷烟的果香、甜香、花香等香韵,提升了香气量和香气丰富性,细腻柔和烟气,改善余味,增强回甜感。当茶叶的加入量为10%时,在余味和口感上有较好的效果,具有全面提升感官品质的功效,整体抽吸舒适性和协调性较好,香气的质和量适中。     

The pyrolysis of cigarette paper under the conditions that simulate cigarette smouldering and puffing

The combustion properties and pyrolysis behavior of cigarette paper under the pyrolysis conditions of cigarette smouldering were investigated by micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC), thermogravimetric analysis coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR), respectively. MCC results demonstrated that the combustion and pyrolysis behavior are influenced by heating rate obviously. TG-FTIR results illustrated that the composition of the gaseous products were mainly composed of CO₂, H₂O carbonyl compounds, CO, and methanol. Flash pyrolysis experiment in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (FPy-HPLC) was used to study the pyrolytic formation of eight carbonyl compounds (i.e., formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, and butyraldehyde) during the pyrolysis of cigarette paper under the pyrolysis conditions of cigarette puffing. Moreover, the solid char formed after the flash pyrolysis experiments were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It had been found that the pyrolysis temperature influenced the formation of carbonyl compounds and the composition of char greatly.     

Analysis of pyridines in mainstream cigarette smoke

A new technique has been developed for the quantitative analysis of pyridines in mainstream cigarette smoke using a GC-MS technique. For analysis, 10 cigarettes are smoked using conditions based on US Federal Trade Commission recommendations. The smoke is collected in a water trap and analyzed using a GC-MS technique. A standard or a fast GC separation can be applied for the analysis. The standard separation was followed by MS detection using selected ion monitoring (SIM) acquisition on a quadrupole instrument. The fast GC was followed by MS detection with total ion acquisition on a time-of-flight instrument. The levels of pyridine depend on the type of cigarette: for a full flavor cigarette pyridine is as high as 18.0 microg/cigarette (cig.). and for an ultra light cigarette is about 3.0 microg/cig. Substituted pyridines vary between 5.0 microg/cig. to 0.1 microg/cig. for a full flavor cigarette, and between 0.2 microg/cig. and a few ng/cig. for an ultra light cigarette. The reproducibility of the technique is very good, with less than 7-8% RSD in both separation procedures for most of the analyzed compounds.     

Analysis of aromatic amines in cigarette smoke

A method for the analysis of o-toluidine, o-anisidine, 2-naphthylamine, and 4-aminobiphenyl in cigarette mainstream smoke has been developed, which combines the sensitivity of their pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) derivatives in negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mode with the selectivity of the gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) technique. The use of four deuterated analogues as internal standards along with the application of the standard addition method results in accurate and precise results; the interday precision for the aromatic amines was 3-10% and the accuracy ranged from 97-100%. This method was applied to two American-blend University of Kentucky reference cigarettes, eight American-blend market cigarettes, a bright (flue-cured) tobacco cigarette, and an electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS). For the American-blend cigarettes there was a linear correlation between aromatic amine yields and mainstream smoke 'tar' ('tar' = total particulate matter - (nicotine + water)), whereas the bright tobacco cigarette and the EHCSS demonstrated significantly lower aromatic amine yields on an equal 'tar' basis. The results support the hypothesis that the nitrogen content of the tobacco, and above all the cigarette combustion temperature, are determining factors for the yields of aromatic amines in smoke.     

Multielement measurements in Mexican cigarette tobacco

The concentration of 21 elements in cigarette tobacco in nine different brands manufactured and commercially available in Mexico has been determined using neutron activation analysis. The concentration range of the measured elements (in g g^–1) were: As, (four brands) <0.55–3.24; Ba, 64–251; Br, (four brands) 49–136; Ce, <0.3–1.7; Co, 0.29–0.55; Cr, <0.8–2.4; Cs, 0.091–0.40; Eu, <0.03; Fe, 420–680; Hf, <0.03–0.13; K, (four brands) 18300–40300; La, (four brands) <0.2–0.66; Na, (four brands) 309–566; Rb, 19–50; Sb, <0.7; Sc, 0.13–0.22; Se, <0.7; Sm, (four brands) 0.07–0.14; Sr, 227–472; Th, <0.1–0.17 and Zn, 14–56. The results are compared with the literature values for the concentration of the above elements in cigarette tobacco from other countries.     

The impact of cigarette/e‐cigarette vapour on simulated pulmonary surfactant monolayers under physiologically relevant conditions

Deviation in pulmonary surfactant structure–function activity can impair airway patency and lead to respiratory disorders. This novel study aims to evaluate the influence cigarette/e‐cigarette vapour has on model surfactant films located within a simulated pulmonary environment using a lung biosimulator. Chromatographic analysis confirmed that nicotine levels were consistent with the sampling regimen employed. On exposure to smoke vapour, Langmuir isotherms exhibited condensed character and a significant reduction in maximum surface pressure was noted in all cases. Langmuir isocycles, reflective of the human breathing cycle, demonstrated condensed character on smoke vapour delivery. A reduction in the maximum surface pressure was clear only in the case of cigarette vapour application. The components of cigarette vapour can cause oxidative damage to pulmonary surfactant and impair recycling. Neutral nicotine molecules can weaken the structure of the monolayer and cause destabilisation. A protective effect was evident in the case of repeated surfactant compression – relaxation cycles (i.e. the ability to reduce the surface tension term was impaired less), demonstrating a likely innate biological defensive mechanism of the lung. E‐cigarette vapour appeared to have a reduced impact on surfactant performance, which may hold value in harm reduction over the longer term. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

EDXRF analysis of some samples of cigarette paper

The effects of tobacco on human health have been widely investigated and documented However, there are not too many specific reports on the potential risk associated to the presence of metals in the paper employed for cigarettes fabrication Even more, there is a lack of national and international norms in this respect. Otherwise, in the literature INAA appears as the unique method for wrapping paper analysis. Therefore, without a nuclear reactor available at the National University of Mexico (UNAM), EDXRF was selected with the aim to explore the possibility to apply this method, instead of INAA, to the analysis of wrapping paper assuming this task, at the beginning, as a supplement to a previous research which was recently presented (2005).¹ The analytical work was developed on the wrapping paper of eight of the most known marks of cigarettes in Mexico, in two non-destructive stages: a first survey, by the classical technique of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), used a 1 11 GB qradiation source of ²³⁸Pu and a SiLi detector. In the absence of standard reference materials for cigarette’s paper, the SRM-1832 and 1833 were required for calibration, a fiberglass air filter was used as a secondary standard. The second stage was performed in a spectrometer TX-2000, anode of Mo, quantification software EDXRF32 (fundamental parameters). This paper presents a comparison of the obtained values with those found in the literature. The results show that the EDXRF method, in the Mo tube version, has the adequate precision and detection limits for the analysis of wrapping paper.     

Two new alkaloids from cigarette smoke condensate

Chemical constituents of MeOH extracts of cigarette smoke were studied. Two new alkaloids, named cigatin A (1), 2-(Pyridine-3-yloxy)-benzene-1',4'-diol and B (2), 2-(4-Methyl-pyridin-3-yloxy)-benzene-1',4'-diol, were isolated from a mainstream condensate of cigarette together with seven known alkaloids. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data and chemical methods.     

Multielement determination in a Chinese cigarette brand

A cigarette brand manufactured in the Republic of China was analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis to determine the concentration of 27 elements in cigarette tobacco, cigarette wrapping paper, cigarette filter before and after smoking and in the dropped ash. The results were compared to the literature values for American and other international cigarette brands.     

Analysis of cigarette smoke by laser desorption mass spectrometry

Laser desorption ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (LDI–FTICRMS) has been successfully applied for the characterization of tobacco smokes. The versatily of analysis allows inorganic and organic tobacco smoke constituents to be identified. As a function of ion detection mode and laser irradiance experimental conditions, inorganic nitrate and sulfate as well as nicotine and associated nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polyoxygenated compounds are highlighted. The high mass resolution and the high mass accuracy attained by LDI–FTICRMS measurements allow the unambiguous assignment of detected species for m/z < 250 to be achieved.     

卷烟滤嘴上菌核净农药的残留分析

建立了卷烟滤嘴中菌核净农药气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测方法.并对前处理条件的优化进行了探讨.样品用苯提取,DB-1701弹性石英毛细管柱分离,GC-ECD检测.实验表明:方法的检出限为0.018 mg/kg,回收率在81.5%～93.7%之间,相对标准偏差为5.4%～9.7%.方法已用于环境样品中菌核净的测定.