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1.
汤儆  M.Petri  L.A.Kibler  D.M.Kolb 《电化学》2003,9(2):126-132
应用电化学扫描隧道显微镜(ECSTM)研究了PdSO4溶液中Au(111)电极表面Pd的电化学沉积过程.实验表明,Pd的沉积初始阶段在Au(111)电极表面依次生成两个满单层Pd膜,这一实验结果不仅与电位扫描一致,而且更进一步地证明了起初的两个Pd单层形成过程乃以层~层外延方式生长.高分辨的原子图像表明吸附的SO2-4离子在外延生长的Pd膜表面形成了有序的(√3×√7)R19°结构.  相似文献   

2.
电化学扫描隧道显微术能在电解质溶液中获得随电位变化的电极表面高空间分辨率的结构信息及跟踪某些反应过程,为从高空间分辨率的角度理解界面结构和电极过程提供了一种强有力的手段。本文以电化学扫描隧道显微术研究Cu在Au(111)上电沉积初始阶段过程为例,与读者交流电化学扫描隧道显微术实验方面的经验,涉及实验装置、实验操作、实验步骤和注意事项等。  相似文献   

3.
本研究在玻碳电极(GCE)表面电沉积金纳米粒子(Au NPs),通过化学吸附将微囊藻毒素-(亮氨酸-精氨酸)(MC-LR)的单克隆抗体(anti-MC-LR)固定在电沉积了Au NPs的玻碳电极表面,以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)封闭非特异性吸附位点,制得免疫电极anti-MC-LR/Au NPs/GCE。采用微乳化法制备了掺杂三(2,2'-联二吡啶)钌(Ⅱ)配合物离子(Ru(bpy)2+3)的二氧化硅纳米粒子(Ru@SiO2),利用透射电镜和扫描电镜对所制备的纳米粒子进行表征。3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)进一步与Ru@SiO2反应,制得氨基功能化的Ru@SiO2,通过1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)活化辣根过氧化物酶标记的MC-LR(HRP-MC-LR),并使其与氨基功能化的Ru@SiO2偶联,制得MC-LR-Ru@SiO2。采用直接竞争模式,在标记物MC-LR-Ru@SiO2存在下,以三丙胺作为共反应物,利用电化学发光法(ECL)测定溶液中的微囊藻毒素,免疫反应完成后,电化学发光强度(I)随着MC-LR浓度的增大而减小,且在0.100~100μg/L范围内,电化学发光强度差值(ΔI)与游离的MC-LR浓度的对数呈良好线性关系,检出限为0.007μg/L。对实际水样进行了加标回收实验,回收率为95.5%~105%。  相似文献   

4.
利用线性电位扫描光伏安法等技术研究钛基体上Se半导体薄膜的电化学形成及转化过程.实验结果表明,在H_2SeO_3溶液中进行电沉积可获得p型Se薄膜,它可在酸性CdSO_4溶液中阴极转化为n型CdSe.讨论了Se的电沉积动力学及其转化为CdSe的可能机理.所述原理可望用于p-n异质结的电化学制备.  相似文献   

5.
Au/SnO2的制备及其低温CO氧化催化性能   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
用沉积-沉淀法制备了不同金含量的Au/SnO2催化剂.采用XRD和UV-Vis等手段对催化剂样品进行了表征并考察了沉积溶液的pH值、金的负载量、焙烧温度和气氛等对Au/SnO2催化CO氧化活性的影响.结果表明:当沉积溶液的pH=9~10时,所制得的金属金的平均粒径最小;随着金的负载量的增大,金属金的粒径增大, Au/SnO2的催化活性降低;在所研究的条件下, Au/SnO2前驱体在空气中473 K下焙烧4 h,得到的催化剂活性最高;在氢气中373 K下处理2 h的Au/SnO2的催化活性在所有样品中是最高的.  相似文献   

6.
赵越  洪波  范楼珍 《化学学报》2013,71(2):104-110
用改进的全电化学三步法制备三维金纳米团簇/多壁碳纳米管(3D Au/MWCNTs)纳米复合材料,并用Nafion(Nafion)膜进行涂布固定,制得3D Au/MWCNTs-Nafion修饰电极.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和能量色散光谱(EDS)对所得纳米复合材料的形貌进行表征.3D Au/MWCNTs具有金纳米核团簇而成的特殊圆丘状三维结构,电化学活性表面积(ECSA)比均匀分散的Au/MWCNTs提高了一个数量级,可有效提高血红蛋白(Hb)在电极表面的负载量.运用循环伏安法和计时电流法对3D Au/MWCNTs-Nafion修饰电极的生物电催化性质进行研究,其在Hb溶液中显示了良好的电催化活性和稳定性:还原氧化峰电流高,反应可逆性好,提供了有利于Hb直接电子转移的电化学环境.固载于Au/MWCNTs-Nafion上的Hb能够保持其生物活性,对双氧水(H2O2)表现出良好的催化性能,这是3D Au纳米团簇和MWCNTs共同作用的结果.实验表明,3D Au/MWCNTs-Nafion修饰电极结构特殊、性能优越,对Hb的直接电化学研究具有积极的促进作用,为准确高效的检测Hb及相关生物活性物质提供了新的电极选择.  相似文献   

7.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaCoO_3, 并用沉积-沉淀法(DP法)制备了Au/LaCoO_3催化剂. 考察了制备条件对催化剂催化氧化CO活性的影响. 结果表明, 制备过程中, 溶液pH、 pH调节顺序及催化剂焙烧温度对催化剂活性均有一定影响. Au/LaCoO_3催化剂的最佳制备条件为: 沉积过程中在HAuCl4溶液中先加入载体后, 再调节溶液pH=8, 得到的催化剂经250 ℃焙烧后可提高催化剂稳定性.  相似文献   

8.
《电化学》2010,(2)
以泡沫镍为基体,AuCl3为沉积液,应用快速自沉积法制备了泡沫镍负载的纳米Au/Ni电极.电化学方法测定AuCl3溶液的浓度和沉积时间对Au粒子的尺寸和分布以及以该电极作为Al-H2O2半燃料电池阴极对H2O2性能的影响.实验表明,泡沫镍经2mmol·L-1AuCl3溶液浸渍60s后,其表面完全被粒径小于100nm的Au粒子覆盖;以其为阴极的Al-H2O2半燃料电池,在0.4mol·L-1H2O2溶液中峰值功率达135mW·cm-2.  相似文献   

9.
将碳纤维微电极(CFME)置于超纯水中进行恒电位电沉积,在其表面修饰含氧基团(RO);再采用恒电位法在电极表面负载以聚二烯二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)为保护剂制备的纳米金粒子(Au NPs),制得RO/Au NPs-PDDA/CFME修饰电极.利用扫描电子显微镜对修饰前后碳纤维电极的表面形貌进行了表征,探讨了修饰电极在多巴胺(DA)溶液中的电化学行为.结果表明,在20 mmol/L p H=7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,复合修饰膜RO/Au NPs-PDDA对DA具有显著的电催化活性.在最优实验条件下,采用差示脉冲伏安技术(DPV)对DA进行定量分析,DA的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1×10-7~5×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2=0.9912,检出限达3.3×10-8mol/L(S/N=3).该修饰方法重现性好,电极稳定性佳,制备方便,可广泛应用于生物样品中DA的高灵敏分析.  相似文献   

10.
采用还原法和沉积-沉淀法制备了介孔Au/NiO催化剂,并运用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、UV-Vis、FTIR、和XPS等方法对其进行了表征,考察了制备方法对Au/NiO催化剂物理化学性质和丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯反应催化性能的影响.实验结果表明Au/NiO催化剂具有一定的低温催化活性,而还原法制备的催化剂催化性能好于沉积-沉淀法制备的催化剂,反应温度350℃时,还原法制备的Au/NiO催化剂的丙烷转化率和丙烯选择性分别达到25.1%和39.8%.制备方法对表面Au的价态分布、颗粒大小及分散度均有影响.催化剂表面Auδ+物种是催化剂的主要活性组分.  相似文献   

11.
Scanning probe is the key issue for the electrochemical scanning probe techniques (EC-SPM) such as EC-scanning tunnel microscopy (STM), EC-atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), especially the insulative encapsulation of the nanoelectrode probe for both positioning and electrochemical feedbacks. To solve this problem, we develop a novel fabrication method of the gold nanoelectrodes: firstly, a micropipette with nanomter-sized orifice was prepared as the template by a laser puller; secondly, the inside wall of micropipette apex was blocked by compact and conic Au nano-piece through electroless plating; thirdly, the Au nano-piece was grown by bipolar electroplating and connected with a silver wire as a current collector. The fabricated Au nanoelectrode has very good voltammetric responses for the electrodic processes of both mass transfer and adsorption. The advantage lies in that it is well encapsulated by a thin glass sealing layer with a RG value lowered to 1.3, which makes it qualified in the SECM-STM coupling mode. On one hand, it can serve as STM tip for positioning which ensures the high spatial resolution; on the other hand, it is a high-quality nanoelectrode to explore the local chemical activity of the substrate. The nanofabrication method may promote the SPM techniques to obtain simultaneously the physical and chemical images with nanoscale spatial resolution, which opens a new approach to tip chemistry in electrochemical nanocatalysis and tip-enhanced spectroscopy.  相似文献   

12.
将含有氯化金的强酸性水溶液作为水相与Triton X-100、正己醇、正己烷组成反相微乳液体系, 并以该微乳液构成电极/反相微乳液电极系统, 利用电沉积方法成功地制备出纳米Au镀层. 循环伏安和交流阻抗对反相微乳液体系电沉积过程的研究发现, 微乳液中Au(III)的还原为完全不可逆过程, 其电化学反应的阻抗值约为具有相同表观浓度氯化金水溶液体系的5.5倍. SEM研究结果表明, 利用微乳液体系电沉积获得的金镀层由纳米Au颗粒组成, 直径为50 nm左右. 所制备的纳米Au修饰电极由于具有较大的比表面积, 其电化学性能优于纯Au电极, 该电极在酸性条件下有较好的析氢性能, 在碱性条件对丙三醇有较好的电催化氧化性能.  相似文献   

13.
Organic islands and oriented one-dimensional (1D) chains are fabricated on a Au(111) surface by electrodeposition. The cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of Au(111) in solutions containing nitrobenzene and picric acid show an electrochemical reaction in a negative potential region, which results in irreversible reductive deposition. The deposition process is monitored by in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM). At the double layer potential region, for example, nitrobenzene molecules form a well-defined adlayer in a (square root(3) x square root(3)) structure. With potential shifting negative to the reductive region, nitrobenzene is reduced to hydroxyaminobenzene. Organic islands were formed first and then aggregated into ordered 1D chains. The formation of these organic islands and 1D chains is completely potential-dependent. Intriguingly, the so-prepared islands and 1D chains are well-oriented along the reconstructed lines of the underlying Au(111) substrate and stable under ambient conditions even if the sample was removed from electrolyte solution. The results reported here provide a simple and effective method to fabricate oriented organic nanodots and nanowires on a solid surface by an electrochemical technique.  相似文献   

14.
Au colloids were used to fabricate nanoscale-tunable Au nanofilms on silicon for surface-enhanced IR absorption bases in both ambient and electrochemical environments. This wet process incorporates the self-assembly of colloidal Au monolayer using 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane as the organic coupler with subsequent chemical plating in an Au(III)/hydroxylamine solution. FTIR spectroscopy in transmission mode of the probe species SCN- was used to evaluate the apparent surface enhancement in IR absorption of 2D Au colloid arrays and chemically plated Au particles. The nanostructure of Au films was examined by atomic force microscopy. The IR and AFM results show that the apparent surface enhancement factor (1-2 orders of magnitude) increases with increasing sizes and/or contact, and the severe aggregation of Au nanoparticles may cause the bipolar band shape. Cyclic voltammetry on the Au nanofilm obtained by the above nucleation and growth strategy exhibits a feasible electrochemical stability and behavior. In situ ATR-FTIR measurement of p-nitrobenzoic acid adsorption demonstrates that the as-grown Au film yields rather promising surface enhancement as well.  相似文献   

15.
以负载Au的金属有机骨架材料(AuNPs/Cu-TPA)标记CEA抗体(Ab2)为信号探针,通过电还原的方法将氧化石墨烯还原到电极上,研制了一种捕获CEA抗体(Ab1)的电化学免疫传感器,并将其应用于癌胚抗原(CEA)检测.所合成的MOFs材料中含有大量Cu2+,且电化学信号比较稳定,因此可以通过检测MOFs材料中Cu2+的信号实现对CEA的检测.此信号探针不需要预处理和酸处理,易负载贵金属从而固定抗体,大大简化了检测步骤并缩短了检测时间.此传感器对CEA的检测灵敏度好,操作简便.在最优实验条件下,此传感器的线性范围为0.1~ 80 ng/mL,检出限为0.03 ng/mL,线性相关系数为0.9887,可用于真实样品中CEA的测定.  相似文献   

16.
A stable quercetin–thioglycolic acid-modified gold electrode (Qu–TCA/Au) was prepared as a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and its electrochemical behavior was investigated by electrochemical methods. In 0.05-M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) quercetin exhibits quasi-reversible signals at the Qu–TCA/Au electrode. The stability of the quercetin-modified gold electrode is very good. The quercetin self-assembled monolayer is an effective mediator for the oxidation of dopamine, which was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Ascorbic acid does not interfere with determination of dopamine at an electrode modified with a mixture of quercetin–thioglycolic acid and quercetin–11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. This modification allows dopamine to be determined in the presence of ascorbic acid in the range from 3×10–5 to 3×10–4 M. The detection limit is 1×10–6 M. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was employed to study the electrochemical performances of the modified gold electrode indicating different feedback modes at differently modified surfaces.  相似文献   

17.
Two types of nonbreakable, flexible micro-reference electrodes filled with gel-electrolytes were prepared for use in solutions with alkaline and neutral pH. The electrodes are intended for electrochemical measurements, in which chloride-free conditions are important. Due to the flexible, bendable construction of the electrodes, electrochemical experiments at locations difficult to access with common reference electrodes are enabled. Hg|HgO-type electrodes were prepared from amalgamated Au wires, followed by oxidation of the amalgam, which is mounted in a PTFE tube filled with 0.1M NaOH solution immobilized in a PAA-g-PEO gel. The potential of this type of electrode was found to be 0.162?±?0.002 V (SHE) at room temperature. Cu|CuSO4 electrodes, consisting of a Cu wire immersed in a saturated CuSO4 solution jellied with gelatin, showed a stable open-circuit potential of 0.312?±?0.001 V (SHE). Further characterization of the electrodes was performed in terms of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and micro-polarization measurements. As an alternative to the flexible electrodes, rigid electrodes in glass enclosure were fabricated in analogy to the flexible-type electrodes.  相似文献   

18.
本文报道了腺嘌呤存在时对超氧化物歧化酶在金丝电极上电化学行为的影响。并从电化学石英晶体微天平技术的测量结果,初步讨论了腺嘌呤对促进超氧化物歧化酶电子传递过程的作用机制。  相似文献   

19.
In this report, we demonstrate the single-electron charging features of larger-sized (ca. 3.72 nm) Au nanoclusters protected with dodecanethiol [approximate composition, Au1415(RS)328] using combined electrochemical and scanning tunneling microscopic (STM) studies. In particular, these nanoclusters show a highly populated single-electron charging peak in voltammetric experiments, where the calculated capacitance is in good agreement with the experimentally obtained value of 1.6 aF. In comparison to the voltammetric studies, STM measurements over a single Au particle on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface reveal nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with a large central gap, signifying single-electron-transfer features. The I-V results demonstrate a clear Coulomb blockade effect with a central gap of around 0.2 eV, which is in good agreement with the orthodox theory for the double barrier tunnel junction system. The standard heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant estimated from impedance measurements is found to be of 7.97 x 10(-6) cm.s(-1), suggesting that the process is very sluggish. Furthermore, diffusion coefficient (Dc) values calculated from chronoamperometry and impedance measurements are in good agreement with theoretically calculated values using the modified Stokes-Einstein equation. The electron-transfer rate constant estimated from cyclic voltammograms of adsorbed monolayer protected Au nanoclusters is found to be about 2 s(-1), which is slower than that reported for its smaller analogues.  相似文献   

20.
Electrochemistry and in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) were used to study the blocking and structural properties of Shiff base V-ape-V self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the surface of Au(111) in perchloric acid solution. The complex-plane impedance plots for the SAM covered Au(111) electrodes, with the redox couple of Fe(CN)64–/3– present in solution, exhibit arc shapes, revealing that the electrochemical kinetics were controlled by the electron-transfer step. For bare Au(111), the electrode process was mass transport limited. The molecules adsorb on Au(111) with a flat-lying orientation and form a long-range well-defined adlayer. A new structure of was observed in the double-layer potential region. A structural model is proposed to interpret the molecular registry with Au(111) substrate.  相似文献   

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