第23届国际凝聚态核科学会议（ICCF-23）介绍

ICCF是凝聚态核科学研究领域最重要的系列性国际会议, ICCF-23于2021年6月9～11日在厦门大学召开,会议主席是田中群院士.共有33个国家和地区的433名代表参会,收录摘要86篇.本次会议的主要进展是多个小组在Pd(Ni)-D_2O(H_2O)电解体系和Pd(Ni)-D_2(H_2)体系中观测到超热,突破了传统上只有Pd-D和Ni-H体系才能产生超热的成见;多个小组在合金-D_2(H_2)体系中观测到稳定的十瓦级超热;两个小组证实氧化层在超热产生中起重要作用,纳米或介观尺寸样品明显好于体样品.多个小组观测到含氢体系在电解、气相和放电条件下的核嬗变并呈现出某种规律性.     

第25届国际凝聚态核科学会议(ICCF-25)介绍

第25届国际凝聚态核科学会议（ICCF-25）于2023年8月27 ? 31日在波兰什切青举行,参会者共154人,会议收录摘要86篇。本会报道的主要发现如下：（1）含氢金属中的超热正比于其中的电流;（2）Ni/Cu多层膜-氢气系统在猝发热出现前会有短暂的降温,产生超热后用各种手段检测到氧元素生成;（3）金属的晶相特征对其中的束靶核反应截面有显著影响;（4）两类金属-氢装置可直接产生电能,预示着未来核电有可能跳过“烧开水”的环节;（5）金属-水系统的蒸汽压缩空化过程不仅产生了超热,也产生了类似金属-氢系统中的核产物。欧、美、日已以空前的力度支持该类研究。     

蛤蚧和鳄蜥峡核的电生理研究

本文用细胞外记录和硫化钴标记技术研究了蛤蚧(Gekko gekko)和鳄蜥(Shini-saurus crocodilurus)峡核单位的感觉反应.结果指出:(1)峡核大细胞都(Imc)是视觉中枢;(2)Imc内存在照度反应(luxotonic)单位;(3)Imc单位对运动的反差目标反应活泼,35％单位只在目标进出其感受域瞬间发放脉冲 ;(4)Imc内有双眼单位 ;(5)视野在Imc上呈区域对应投射。     

AB24在MgAl-LDO上的吸附性能及机理研究

本文探讨了nMg/nAl=3的水滑石焙烧产物(MgAl-LDO)对染料酸性黑24(AB24)的吸附性能及其机理。考察了不同因素对MgAl-LDO吸附AB24性能的影响,并研究了吸附过程的热力学和动力学机理。实验结果表明:MgAl-LDO对AB24具有优异的吸附性能,在298 K,pH=10条件下,1.0 g.L-1MgAl-LDO对1 000 mg.L-1AB24溶液的吸附容量和去除率分别达到998.31 mg.g-1和99.83%。动力学和热力学研究表明:MgAl-LDO对AB24的吸附过程同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,并且是个放热、自发的过程。计算所得的吉布斯自由能绝对值在10~15 kJ.mol-1,这主要是由染料分子与水滑石层板的氢键作用产生,结合Materials Studio 5.5软件模拟AB24染料分子在MgAl-LDHs上的排列分布,推测MgAl-LDO对AB24的吸附机理是表面吸附(占优势)与层间插层的协同作用。同时,该吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型。     

中国化学会第十四届胶体与界面化学会议2013年7月21-25日,长春

会议主题:研讨胶体与界面化学的最新前沿问题和发展前景及其在科学和技术领域中的作用.会议内容及范围:(1)表面/界面与纳米结构材料;(2)溶液中的聚集与分子组装;(3)软物质与超分子组织化体系;(4)胶体分散与多组分体系;(5)胶体与界面化学中的理论问题;(6)胶体与界面化学技术、应用与产品.会议主席:郭荣通讯地址:扬州大学化学化工学院,扬州225002     

基于磁性碳纳米管修饰印刷电极的无酶型HIV p24安培免疫传感器

在多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)表面固定Fe3O4(核)/Au(壳)纳米微粒(GMP),使其具有超顺磁性,包被p24抗体(anti p24),制得检测探针(MWNTs-GMP/anti p24);在磁场作用下将此探针吸附于N,N'-双(2-羟基苯亚甲基)邻苯二胺合铜(CuRb)修饰的碳基丝网印刷电极(SPCE|CuRb)表面,制得了免疫传感电极(SPCE|CuRb/MWNTs-GMP/anti p24)。当此电极在含p24样本中于室温下温育15min后,随p24浓度的增加在电极表面生成的免疫复合物增加,导致CuRb对H2O2的催化还原电流下降。在含5mmol/L H2O2的PBS(pH7.0)中和-300mV下,催化还原电流降低值ΔIo与p24浓度在0.6～160μg/L呈线性关系;检出限为0.32μg/L(3σ)。将其用于实际样品检测,结果与标准EILSA方法一致。由于MWNTs-GMP/anti p24具有超顺磁性,并可以显著提高电极比表面积及anti p24负载量,而CuRb代替易失活的HRP酶,使得该传感器灵敏度和稳定性俱佳,电极表面可更新,可用于艾滋病人血清中p24筛测。     

中国化学会第十四届胶体与界面化学会议2013年7月21-25日,长春

会议主题:研讨胶体与界面化学的最新前沿问题和发展前景及其在科学和技术领域中的作用会议内容及范围:(1)表面/界面与纳米结构材料;(2)溶液中的聚集与分子组装;(3)软物质与超分子组织化体系;(4)胶体分散与多组分体系;(5)胶体与界面化学中的理论问题;(6)胶体与界面化学技术、应用与产品会议主席:郭荣通讯地址:扬州大学化学化工学院,扬州225002电子信箱:guorong@yzu.edu.cn     

2-溴噻吩和3-溴噻吩在267nm的C—Br键解离机理

利用离子速度影像技术,研究了2-溴噻吩和3-溴噻吩两种同分异构体在267 nm激光作用下的C-Br键解离机理,获得了光解产物Br(2P3/2)和Br*(2p1/2)的能量和角度分布,分析了两异构分子在267 nm的C-Br键解离通道.对于2-溴噻吩和3-溴噻吩,产物Br来源于三个通道:(i)从单重激发态系间窜跃到排斥的三重激发态的快速预解离;(ii)单重激发态内转化到高振动基态的热解离;(iii)母体分子多光子电离后的解离.2-溴噻吩的产物Br*具有类似的产生机制;但对于3-溴噻吩,从激发态内转换到高振动基态发生热解离成为产物Br*的主导通道,而来自激发三重态的快速预解离通道则几乎消失.定量地给出了各个通道的相对贡献、能量分配及各向异性分布信息.实验发现,随着溴原子在噻吩上取代位置远离硫原子,来自通道(i)和(ii)产物之间的比例明显减小,相应的各向异性分布有变弱趋势.     

γ-麦胚甾醇的C_(24)的绝对构型

γ-麦胚甾醇(γ-sitosterol)是大豆甾醇的祖分之一,它的结构曾经从降解法测定为(I),其中C_(24)的超对构型是根据氧化降解产物的分子旋光比较推定的。我们企图从化学方法直接测定γ-麦胚甾醇的C_(24)的绝对构型,曾经进行了一些工作。最近有关     

基于巯基丁二酰肼铜（Ⅱ）单层修饰电极的HIV-p24电化学免疫传感器

研制了基于巯基丁二酰肼铜(Ⅱ)(CuL)单层修饰金电极(Au|CuL)测定艾滋病人血清中HIV核心抗原p24水平的免疫传感器.该传感器通过将CuL直接自组装到金电极表面制备而成.CuL对H2O2的还原具有催化作用,可作为p24抗体(anti p24)上标记的辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)与电极之间电子传递媒介体.结合竞争性免疫分析,HRP-anti p24抗体(HRP-anti p24)与待测p24反应生成的免疫结合物游离在反应池中,通过测定在免疫结合物上HRP作用下电极表面CuL对H2O2催化增强电流,采用示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)直接获得待测抗原的含量.该免疫传感器的测定无需分离和洗涤步骤,温育时间短,为艾滋病诊断提供了一种新的方法.     

PST-24: A Zeolite with Varying Intracrystalline Channel Dimensionality

Herein we report the synthesis, structure solution, and catalytic properties of PST-24, a novel channel-based medium-pore zeolite. This zeolite was synthesized via the excess fluoride approach. Electron diffraction shows that its structure is built by composite cas-zigzag (cas-zz) building chains, which are connected by double 5-ring (d5r) columns. While the cas-zz building chains are ordered in the PST-24 framework, the d5r columns adopt one of two possible arrangements; the two adjacent d5r columns are either at the same height or at different heights, denoted arrangements S and D, which can be regarded as open and closed valves that connect the channels, respectively. A framework with arrangement D only has a 2D 10-ring channel system, whereas that with arrangement S only contains 3D channels. In actual PST-24 crystals, the open and closed valves are almost randomly dispersed to yield a zeolite framework where the channel dimensionality varies locally from 2D to 3D.     

超极化核磁共振方法的原理和应用

核磁共振(NMR)技术凭借其高空间分辨率,宽时间响应尺度和非侵入检测等特点,在化学分析和医疗诊断中发挥着重要的作用。但是原子核的低极化使现阶段NMR技术的灵敏度较低。超极化技术是一类可以有效提高NMR灵敏度的方法。其通过物理或化学过程把原子核自旋态推向一个偏离热力学平衡的状态,使NMR信号强度得到几个数量级的提升,极大地改善了灵敏度。多种超极化技术已经在各个领域崭露头角。本文用较为形象的描述对几种常见的超极化技术包括:动态核极化、光泵、光核极化、化学诱导动态核极化、仲氢诱导极化。从其精巧的原理和广泛的应用进行介绍,有助于人们对超极化技术的认知。     

Novel Pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Techniques for the Studies of Structure and Dynamics of Photo‐excited Triplet State of Organic Molecules: A Professional Journey

We present a few novel pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance techniques developed in our laboratory for the studies of structure and dynamics of the photo‐excited triplet state of organic molecules. We discuss many aspects of these new techniques and the significances of these measurements: (1) enhancing NMR signal intensity by dynamic nuclear polarization ‐ integrated solid effect, (2) performing magnetic resonance in zero‐field and low‐field by pulsed microwave, (3) mapping molecular motion of organic crystals by pulsed zero‐field and low‐field experiments, (4) probing spin dynamics at level anti‐crossing by fast field switching, (5) measuring hyperfine interaction by electron spin echo envelop modulation and spin‐echo electron nuclear double resonance and (6) detecting spin dynamics, nuclear quantum oscillation, entanglements and new avenues for quantum computer. We have employed the highly electron spin polarized pentacene triplet state as the model system in all of our pulsed EPR experiments. We performed most of our experiments at room temperature. The goals of our studies are aiming to improve spin detectability, to probe molecular dynamics, to determine electronic structures, to measure molecular interaction and motion, and to examine quantum coherence and oscillation which may yield new avenues in the applications of pulsed EPR techniques to quantum computer.     

Resourceability on nuclear fuel cycle by transmutation approach

A resourceability on nuclear fuel cycle by transmutation of fission products in the spent fuel of nuclear reactors is discussed in this paper to investigate the feasibility of "creation and utilization" of Après ORIENT from Adv.-ORIENT cycle,in which chemical "separation and utilization" of nuclear rare metals(platinum group metals,Mo,Tc,rare earth,etc.) has been proposed since FY2006.Après ORIENT research program was newly initiated in FY2011 for nuclear transmutation of fission products into stable or short-lived highly-valuable elements.In the resourceability of rare earth metals from fission products,non-radioactive Nd and Dy can be created from Pr and Tb,respectively,by transmutation.Especially,the Dy creation has a relatively high feasibility of about 10-20 %/y in creation rate.A proper moderation of neutrons in blanket of fast reactors may be required to provide a high creation rate of La from Ba.In light platinum group metals,non-radioactive Ru can be created from Tc by transmutation,of which creation rate is about 4-5 %/y in blanket of fast reactors.Pd created from Rh is almost non-radioactively depending on the isotope fraction of 107 Pd.Rh creation from Ru is not feasible under the neutron irradiation of typical nuclear reactors.     

Pulsed hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry for time‐resolved membrane protein folding studies

Kinetic folding experiments by pulsed hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry (MS) are a well‐established tool for water‐soluble proteins. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first that applies this approach to an integral membrane protein. The native state of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) comprises seven transmembrane helices and a covalently bound retinal cofactor. BR exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) induces partial unfolding and retinal loss. We employ a custom‐built three‐stage mixing device for pulsed‐HDX/MS investigations of BR refolding. The reaction is triggered by mixing SDS‐denatured protein with bicelles. After a variable folding time (10 ms to 24 h), the protein is exposed to excess D₂O buffer under rapid exchange conditions. The HDX pulse is terminated by acid quenching after 24 ms. Subsequent off‐line analysis is performed by size exclusion chromatography and electrospray MS. These measurements yield the number of protected backbone N–H sites as a function of folding time, reflecting the recovery of secondary structure. Our results indicate that much of the BR secondary structure is formed quite late during the reaction, on a time scale of 10 s and beyond. It is hoped that in the future it will be possible to extend the pulsed‐HDX/MS approach employed here to membrane proteins other than BR. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PST‐24: A Zeolite with Varying Intracrystalline Channel Dimensionality

Herein we report the synthesis, structure solution, and catalytic properties of PST‐24, a novel channel‐based medium‐pore zeolite. This zeolite was synthesized via the excess fluoride approach. Electron diffraction shows that its structure is built by composite cas‐zigzag (cas‐zz) building chains, which are connected by double 5‐ring (d5r) columns. While the cas‐zz building chains are ordered in the PST‐24 framework, the d5r columns adopt one of two possible arrangements; the two adjacent d5r columns are either at the same height or at different heights, denoted arrangements S and D, which can be regarded as open and closed valves that connect the channels, respectively. A framework with arrangement D only has a 2D 10‐ring channel system, whereas that with arrangement S only contains 3D channels. In actual PST‐24 crystals, the open and closed valves are almost randomly dispersed to yield a zeolite framework where the channel dimensionality varies locally from 2D to 3D.     

CO2 laser-induced decomposition of propan-2-ol,butan-2-ol,pentan-2-ol,pentan-3-ol,and hexan-2-ol

The pulsed CO₂ laser-induced decompositions of propan-2-ol, butan-2-ol, pentan-2-ol, pentan-3-ol, and hexan-2-ol in the gas phase have been investigated. Like ethanol which we examined previously [1] the absorption cross section of propan-2-ol for pulsed 9R14 radiation increases with pressure at low pressures, an effect attributed to rotational hole-filling. In contrast the absorption cross section of butan-2-ol (10R24) has only a small pressure dependence and those of pentan-2-ol (9R26), pentan-3-ol (10R14), and hexan-2-ol (9P20) show little or no variation with pressure in the range 0.1–5.0 torr. Decomposition products have been investigated at low pressure where the excitation of the alkanols was essentially collision free. The observed products for all the alkanols can be rationalized on the basis of primary dehydration and C? C fission channels, with minor contributions from other molecular eliminations. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Thermodynamic properties of DCl in D2O solution from 5 to 50°C

The themodynamic properties of solutions of deuterium chloride (DCl) in deuterium oxide (D₂O) have been determined from emf measurements of the electrochemical cell without transference from 5 to 50°C, and from 0.002 to 1.0 mol-kg^–1. The standard potential of the silver/silver chloride electrode relative to the platinum/deuterium electrode has been determined. An equation for the Gibbs energy as a function of temperature has been derived from which the enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity have been computed. Equations for the activity coefficient and the osmotic coefficient of DCl in D₂O have been developed. The excess Gibbs energy of the solution and the excess partial molar free energy as a function of temperature have been calculated, from which the other excess thermodynamic properties have been computed. The values for the heat capacity and the apparent molar heat capacity have been compared with calorimetric data in the literature. The relative partial molar enthalpy has been calculated. The solvent isotope effect on the excess thermodynamic functions is discussed.     

Crossed-beam study of Co+(3F4)+propane: experiment and density functional theory

A pulsed beam of Co+(3F4) crosses a pulsed beam of C3H8 or C3D8 gas under single collision conditions at collision energies of 0.01 eV and 0.21 eV. After a variable time delay t(ext) = 1-8 micros a fast high voltage pulse extracts product ions into a field-free flight tube for mass analysis. Consistent with earlier work, we observe prompt CoC3H6+ +H2 elimination products in 3:1 excess over CoC2H4+ +CH4 products at 0.21 eV on a 2-10 micros time scale. Long-lived CoC3H8+ complexes fragment predominantly back to Co+ +C3H8 reactants and to H2 elimination products on a 6-24 micros time scale. Density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations provide energies, geometries, and harmonic vibrational frequencies at key stationary points for use in a statistical rate model of the reaction. By adjusting two key multicenter transition state (MCTS) energies downward by 4-7 kcal mol(-1), we obtain good agreement with our decay time results and with the cross section versus collision energy of Armentrout and co-workers from 0.1-1.0 eV. B3LYP theory succeeds in finding relative energies of the MCTSs leading to CH4 and H2 in the proper order to explain the different product branching ratio for Co+ (which favors H2 over CH4) compared with its nearest neighbors Fe+ and Ni+ (which favor CH4 over H2).