石墨烯/碳纳米管复合薄膜的制备进展

石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料具有石墨烯和碳纳米管的共同特性,它弥补了石墨烯不连续和碳纳米管网存在间隙这两方面缺点。 本文探讨了石墨烯/碳纳米管复合薄膜的制备新进展,阐述了利用自组装合成、非原位合成以及非化学合成等方法制备厚度薄、强度高和比电容高等特点的石墨烯/碳纳米管复合薄膜的方法,对石墨烯/碳纳米管复合薄膜在传感器、锂电池和超级电容器等方面的应用前景进行了展望。     

碳纳米管的宏量制备及产业化

作为纳米材料的代表之一,碳纳米管因其独特的一维结构具备了优异的力学、电学、热学、光学和反应性能,使其在能源存储与转化、复合材料、多相催化、环境保护及生物医药等领域具有大量的应用潜力.本文总结了多种类型碳纳米管宏量制备的化学及工程原理,并对多壁碳纳米管、单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管、定向碳纳米管、超顺排碳纳米管、水平超长碳纳米管、掺杂碳纳米管、螺旋碳纳米管、碳纳米管结及碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化物的宏量制备方法进行了评述.同时,对碳纳米管产业化中新的工程问题,如工业标准、环境评估以及产业化进展进行了分析.目前,碳纳米管已经具有成千吨的产能,并广泛应用于锂离子电池电极、导电复合材料、汽车配件和体育用品等领域.尽管如此,高性能的碳纳米管的宏量制备及其配套产业化技术仍有待深入开发,产品需要进一步丰富、市场需要进一步拓展,以望形成大规模纳米产业,促进社会的可持续发展.     

尼龙/碳纳米管复合材料研究进展

碳纳米管(CNTs)由于其独特的结构,较高的长径比,较大的比表面积,且具有超强的力学性能和良好的导热性,已经证明是塑料的非常优异的导电填料,聚合物基碳纳米管复合材料可望应用于材料领域的多个方面,尤其在汽车、飞机及其它飞行器的制造等军事和商业应用上带来革命性的突破。本文介绍了碳纳米管的结构形态和碳纳米管的制备、纯化、修饰方法及聚合物基碳纳米管复合材料的制备、性能,并综述了近几年来尼龙/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展及应用前景。     

纳米碳材料在可穿戴柔性导电材料中的应用研究进展

可穿戴设备的兴起使得对柔性器件的需求日益提高,柔性导电材料作为可穿戴器件的重要组成部分而成为研究的热点。传统的电极材料主要是金属,因金属材料本身不具有柔性,一般通过降低金属层厚度以及设计波纹结构等策略实现其在柔性器件中的应用,其加工程序复杂,成本较高。以碳纳米管和石墨烯为代表的纳米碳材料兼具良好的柔性和优异的导电性,且具有化学稳定、热稳定、光学透明性等优点,在柔性导电材料领域展现了极大的应用潜力。本文简要综述了近年来纳米碳材料在柔性导电材料领域的研究进展,首先介绍了碳纳米管基柔性导电材料,分别包括基于碳纳米管水平阵列、碳纳米管垂直阵列、碳纳米管薄膜、碳纳米管纤维的柔性导电材料;继而介绍了石墨烯基柔性导电材料,包括基于剥离法制备的石墨烯和化学气相沉积法制备的石墨烯以及石墨烯纤维基柔性导电材料;并简述了碳纳米管/石墨烯复合柔性导电材料;最后论述了纳米碳材料基柔性导电材料所面临的挑战并展望了其未来发展方向。     

碳纳米管/氧化锌纳米复合材料的制备及其形貌控制

0引言碳纳米管(CNT)优良的力学、电学、热学性能使其在材料、储能、传感等许多领域都有广泛的应用前景,近年来,以碳纳米管为载体制备的纳米复合材料因其独特的应用潜力而受到广泛关注:彭峰等[1]用FeSO4-H2O2体系修饰碳纳米管,成功地制备了由碳纳米管负载的Fe2O3催化剂;Chen等[2]用溶胶凝胶法制备了CNT/SnO复合材料,作为Li离子电池阴极材料,测试表明它的电化学性能比单独的CNT和SnO材料都有所增强;Jitianu等[3]用溶胶凝胶和水热方法得到不同形貌的TiO2/CNT复合结构,这种新型的纳米复合材料在光催化方面有着重要的应用前景。纳米Z…     

氧化石墨烯/金银纳米粒子复合材料的制备及其SERS效应研究

近年来,氧化石墨烯/金银纳米粒子复合材料由于其优异的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）性能引起了人们极大的关注,在污染物检测、化学传感和癌症诊断等领域具有重要的应用价值。本文综述了氧化石墨烯片层上修饰金银纳米粒子、氧化石墨烯包覆金银纳米粒子、氧化石墨烯附着在金银纳米粒子层三种氧化石墨烯/金银纳米粒子复合材料的制备方法,对其SERS效应进行了详细介绍。SERS研究表明,结合了金银纳米粒子与氧化石墨烯两种材料各自在SERS研究与应用中的优势,氧化石墨烯/金银纳米粒子复合材料的SERS性能比单纯金银纳米粒子更加优异。氧化石墨烯在其中起到了化学增强、分子富集、钝化保护、荧光猝灭的重要作用。氧化石墨烯/金银纳米粒子复合材料在表面增强拉曼光谱中具有广阔的应用前景。     

聚苯乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料研究进展

聚苯乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料是近年来开发的新型聚合物基复合材料,具有独特的一维纳米管分散微结构,往往表现出比纯聚苯乙烯更好的机械力学性能、电学性能和热性能等,在诸多领域具有广泛的应用前景.本文首先简要介绍了碳纳米管的结构特点、制备与纯化和性能,然后重点阐述了聚苯乙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的几种制备方法、结构表征以及力学、电学和热性能等方面的研究进展,并对聚苯乙烯共聚物/碳纳米管复合材料的研究现状进行介绍.     

基于碳纳米管的超级电容器研究进展

综述了基于碳纳米管及其复合材料作超级电容器的电极材料的研究现状,通过对碳纳米管的改性或与其它材料复合,能有效地提高电容器的电容特性。总结了近几年来在开发超级电容器电极材料领域中对碳纳米管的活化和提高碳纳米管的分散性技术、碳纳米管与过渡金属氧化物复合材料、碳纳米管与导电聚合物复合材料以及碳纳米管与石墨烯复合材料研究的进展。     

石墨烯/纤维素复合材料的制备及应用

近年来,石墨烯/纤维素复合材料引起了研究者的广泛关注。该材料在透明导电柔性薄膜、电容器、载药、紫外线防护、传感器、吸附等领域有重要的应用价值。本文在收集、归类研究国内外研究者在石墨烯/纤维素复合材料制备方法、性能以及应用工作的基础上,对石墨烯和纤维素复合材料的混合技术、制备方法及应用进行了综述。     

电化学法制备石墨烯及其复合材料

石墨烯是一种具有优异物理和化学性质的新型二维碳纳米材料,大规模低成本制备高品质石墨烯的方法是其能够得到广泛实际应用的重要前提. 电化学方法可以快捷、绿色无污染、批量制备高质量的石墨烯及其复合材料. 本综述在对石墨烯各种制备方法进行简要比较之后,对近年来石墨烯、石墨烯/无机纳米复合材料、石墨烯/聚合物复合材料以及类石墨烯材料的电化学法制备进展进行介绍并作了展望.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。