热致可逆变色的聚二炔／稀土离子纳米复合物

将Dy^＋或Sm^＋掺杂到具有层状结构的10,12-二十五碳二炔酸（PCDA）纳米粒子中,得到二炔酸／稀土离子（PCDA-RE）纳米复合物．随后在稍微高于二炔酸熔点的温度下对PCDA—RE纳米复合物进行退火处理,退火后的PCDA—RE纳米复合物发生拓扑聚合反应得到聚二炔酸／稀土离子（PDA-RE）纳米复合物．虽然纯聚二炔酸的热致变色过程是不可逆的,但是PDA—Sm纳米复合物和PDA-Dy纳米复合物分别具有不完全和完全热致可逆变色的性能．研究表明,PDA-RE纳米复合物的层间距为5,4nm,比纯聚二炔酸的层间距（4．7nm）要大．对于PDA—RE纳米复合物,稀土离子和聚二炔酸之间的强相互作用是纳米复合物实现大部分或完全可逆变色的原因．同时退火处理对实现聚二炔酸可逆变色非常重要,因为退火处理消除了材料结构中的所有缺陷,最终促使材料具有热致可逆变色性能．     

基于磁响应光子晶体与量子点的多重变色防伪研究

结合Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ (M)超顺磁胶体粒子动态连续的磁致变色和碲化镉量子点(CdTe QDs)瞬时发射的光致发光特性, 采用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)弹性体封装含有M胶体粒子和CdTe QDs的乙二醇(EG)微液滴, 制得了具有多重变色功能的M/QDs/EG/PDMS复合薄膜. 利用光学显微镜、光纤光谱仪、荧光光谱仪、数码相机、拉力试验机对复合薄膜的内部结构、光学性质及力学性能进行表征. 结果表明, 在外界磁场的诱导下, 复合薄膜瞬时呈现明亮的结构色, 且随着磁场强度的降低, 复合薄膜的衍射波长发生连续红移, 移动范围可达145 nm. 此外, 在紫外光的激发下, 复合薄膜可呈现特定波长的荧光发射, 具备良好的光致发光特性. 同时, 复合薄膜断裂伸长率可达132%, 表现出良好的弹性, 这为其附着在不同材料表面实现防伪应用提供了基础. 进一步地, 通过图案化设计, 可制得响应变色迅速、图案隐现可逆、颜色变化多样的防伪薄膜, 这有利于其在信息加密和高级别防伪领域中的应用.     

压致变色聚集诱导发光材料

聚集诱导发光化合物分子具有特殊的螺旋桨形扭曲构象结构, 导致其很难在结晶状态下进行紧密堆砌, 使得其结晶结构容易在外力的作用发生改变, 致使其分子能级水平和发光光谱发生变化, 产生压致发光变色现象. 因此, 聚集诱导发光化合物是压致发光变色材料的一个重要来源. 压致变色聚集诱导发光材料是一类重要的压致发光变色材料, 其既具有压致发光变色的性能, 又具有聚集诱导发光的性能. 它是一类智能材料, 在应力传感、商标防伪和发光器件等领域具有重要的潜在应用, 近年来受到人们极大的关注. 本文分类介绍了近年来压致变色聚集诱导发光材料的研究进展.     

无机-无机复合电致变色材料的研究进展

在外加电压的作用下,电致变色材料的光学性能（颜色、透光率等）能够可控制、可逆地变化,在节能减排领域有重要应用前景。随着相关研究的不断创新、深入和拓展,单一组分的电致变色材料因受到其自身结构和性能的限制,不能表现出人们所期望的电致变色性能,并且在结构和性能上不具有可设计和调控性,因而越来越无法满足实际应用的需求。与非复合电致变色材料相比较,复合型材料在这方面具有明显的优势,其优势体现在通过合理的材料设计,借助复合材料各组分的协调作用,充分激发各组分的优点,克服各自的缺点,可以获得结构和性能优异的电致变色材料。因此,近年来越来越多的研究聚焦于复合型电致变色材料。目前已开展研究的复合型电致变色材料的种类很多,根据复合组分是无机材料还是有机材料来对复合型电致变色材料分类的话主要可分为无机-无机复合、无机-有机复合和有机-有机复合3大类。相比有机电致变色材料,无机电致变色材料在材料成分控制、机械性能、光调制、使用稳定性、寿命等方面优势显著,因此,单一组分的和复合型的无机电致变色材料始终是本领域研究的重要方向。因此,本文致力于近年来无机-无机复合电致变色材料、器件和电解质的研究现状和未来的发展动态,对其研究进展、所存在的问题和发展趋势进行了归纳总结,为复合型电致变色材料的进一步研发和应用提供依据。     

可变色形状记忆材料

以聚乙烯醇和单宁酸为原料制备出了形状记忆水凝胶,以乙二胺四乙酸、二水合氯化铜、六水合氯化镁、氧化铝为原料制备出了无机热致变色材料,以结晶紫内酯、硼酸、十六醇为原料制备出了有机热致变色材料,并将形状记忆材料与热致变色材料结合,成功制备出了两种既能记忆形状又能变色的新型复合高分子材料。本实验原料简单易得,方法简便,并与本科阶段有机化学、无机化学、仪器分析、精细化学品化学等课程中所学习的自由基聚合反应、化学交联、络合反应等知识结合,可作为本科教学的一个综合实验,提高学生的动手能力,激发学生学习化学的兴趣和热情。     

两种吡唑啉酮类光致变色化合物的合成及光学性能（英文）

有机光致变色材料在信息存储、光分子开光、全息防伪等领域显示出良好的应用前景。吡唑啉酮类光致变色材料是一类在固态下具有光致变色性能的新型有机功能材料,然而大多数吡唑啉酮类变色化合物只表现出单向变色或热致褪色的性能。本文通过在吡唑啉酮环的4位引入含双取代的苯基,合成了两种新颖的光致变色化合物,通过质谱、核磁共振谱、红外光谱确定了它们的结构和变色机理。紫外-可见吸收光谱表明化合物除在可见光下具有褪色性能外,还具有热增幅现象。荧光发射光谱表明,他们在紫外光和可见光的交替照射下表现出较高的荧光对比度和良好的荧光开关性能。     

变色材料及其应用

受到光、电、热等外界激发原作用后可发生颜色变化的物质称为变色物质，本文介绍了光致变色，电致变色及热致变色材料的变色原理，应用及发前景前景。     

芳吡唑啉乙烯基(口恶)唑烷并二氢吲哚的合成和变色性

某些芳乙烯基取代的(口恶)唑烷并二氢吲哚具有光(热)和电致变色性质,在非银盐成像等领域有应用价值.芳基吡唑啉是较强的电子给体,若用它替换上述化合物中的芳基,可能对其光谱及变色性产生有益的影响。为此,我们用Vilsmeier反应将3种芳基吡唑琳甲酰化得到醛     

芳炔大环的结构与超分子性质

芳炔大环是由芳(杂)环和炔键构成的具有规整多边形环状分子结构的化合物,自问世以来即受到化学家和材料学家的广泛关注。芳炔大环具有不会坍塌的刚性骨架,环上特定位置可带有柔性侧链或取代官能团,环平面上大的π电子共轭体系和环上灵活的结合点赋予芳炔大环独特而有趣的超分子性质。本文对芳炔大环的超分子性质作了综述,从大环在溶液中的缔合、热致液晶性质、一维超分子自组装及在基底表面或固-液界面二维自组装4个方面展开评述,介绍了研究方法,着重讨论了分子结构与物质性质的关系,并对芳炔大环的应用前景做了展望,为通过合理设计分子结构来制备满足尺寸、形状及功能要求的新型材料提供借鉴。     

"元素化学实验"中的热致变色现象(二)——部分Cr(Ⅲ)化合物的热致变色现象及其变色机理探讨

在认识部分Co(Ⅱ)化合物的热致变色现象及变色机理的基础上,因势利导,创设问题“情境”,即再通过生动直观的演示实验,引导学生进一步认识一些Cr(Ⅲ)化合物的热致变色现象及其影响因素,引导和启发学生探讨和解释其热致变色的机理。进一步培养学生的观察、分析、判断、归纳、推理、总结和探索规律的能力以及“批判性”思维能力。     

Deposition and photopolymerization of phase-separated perfluorotetradecanoic acid-10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer films

Mixed monolayer surfactant films of perfluorotetradecanoic acid and the photopolymerizable diacetylene molecule 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid were prepared at the air-water interface and transferred onto solid supports via Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition. The addition of the perfluoroacid to the diacetylene surfactant results in enhanced stabilization of the monolayer in comparison with the pure diacetylene alone, allowing film transfer onto a solid substrate without resorting to addition of cations in the subphase or photopolymerization prior to deposition. The resulting LB films consisted of well-defined phase-separated domains of the two film components, and the films were characterized by a combination of atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging and fluorescence emission microscopy both before and after photopolymerization into the highly emissive "red form" of the polydiacetylene. Photopolymerization of the monolayer films resulted in the formation of diacetylene bilayers, which were highly fluorescent, with the apparent rate of photopolymerization and the fluorescence emission of the films being largely unaffected by the presence of the perfluoroacid.     

双炔酸多层LB膜的光敏聚合研究

选用(口恶)花菁染料为光敏剂,将其镶嵌到双炔酸LB膜中,利用Ar~+离子激光514.5 nm照射LB膜,观察到双炔酸LB膜的光敏聚合及(口恶)花菁染料荧光的猝灭,对其光敏聚合机理进行了讨论。     

Vesicular polydiacetylene sensor for colorimetric signaling of bacterial pore-forming toxin

A vesicle-based polydiacetylene biosensor for colorimetric detection of bacterial pore-forming toxin streptolysin O (SLO) is reported. The sensor was constructed with three lipid constituents: glycine-terminated diacetylene lipid Gly-PCDA, cell membrane-mimicking component PC-DIYNE, and cholesterol (CHO), which serves as the bait molecule. UV irradiation led to photopolymerization of the diacetylene lipids that gave the material a blue appearance. Incubation of the vesicles with SLO from Streptococcus pyrogenes turned the vesicle solution red, and the color change was found to be correlated to SLO concentration. The optimal sensing performance was found with vesicles consisting of 71% Gly-PCDA, 25% CHO, and 4% PC-DIYNE, and a correlation relationship was obtained for 20 HU to 500 HU/mL, or 100 pM to 6.3 nM of SLO toxin. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering was used for further characterization of the vesicular assemblies. Transmembrane pores (holes) with diameter around 30 nm were observed on the vesicle membranes, in particular on the peripheral of the membrane structures, suggesting pore formation by SLO toxin provides the driving force for the color change of the functional vesicles.     

Self-organized ureido substituted diacetylenic organogel. Photopolymerization of one-dimensional supramolecular assemblies to give conjugated nanofibers

The introduction of the urea function as structure directing agent of diacetylene organogels (DA-OGs) has been achieved. Despite the urea function being one of the most frequently used structure directing agents for the formation of organogels, it has never been exploited in the fabrication and photopolymerization of DA-OGs. The self-association of ureas involving two hydrogen bonds is much stronger than that of urethanes or amides, and the resulting supramolecular assemblies are completely insoluble. In this context, 1,1'-(hexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diyl)bis(3-(10-(triethoxysilyl)decyl)urea) 2 was synthesized. Compound 2 was soluble owing to the triethoxysilane function that we recently used in the fabrication of a silylated bis-urea-stilbene organogel. It formed an organogel, and its photopolymerization was studied in cyclohexane. The loss of the gel state and the formation of a red solution resulting from the polymerization were found to be the result of the constraints introduced by the urea function in close vicinity to the polymerizable function. To obtain an ureido substituted diacetylenic organogelator affording a blue highly conjugated polydiacetylene (PDA) without a sol-gel transition, a propylene spacer was introduced to move the urea function away from the polymerizable function (derivative 3). The thermochromism exhibited by the latter in the solid state was studied. Using the same setup and the same sample, UV-vis and FTIR spectra were simultaneously recorded as a function of the temperature to highlight a relation between color changes and urea association mode changes. The data showed that the reversible thermochromic transition must be associated with a reversible supramolecular modification and, conversely, that irreversible chromic transitions are the result of irreversible structural modifications. The chromic effects of the acidic hydrolysis-polycondensation of the trialkoxysilyl groups to form a siloxane network were studied on a thin film of 3. In the same way, solvent effects on the color of the organogels of 3 were also investigated. Correlations could be established between the different stimuli. These results provide a deeper understanding of the precise molecular mechanism of the blue to red transition and of the reversibility of the purple to red transition generally encountered in PDA thermochromism.     

物理化学实验研究型教学改革与实践

针对不同专业学科发展需要,设计体现具有我校学科特色的物理化学实验教学内容和教学模式。培养学生以科研的状态进入到实验中,鼓励学生独立设计方案,提出问题,分析问题并解决问题,充分激发学生主动性和积极性,改进考核机制,有利于创新思维培养。以科研论文的形式总结实验,体现物理化学实验课程对实际应用和科研工作的指导作用。通过以上实践,实现从实践中来到实践中去的能力培养目标,充分发挥物理化学实验教学在培养一流创新性研究型专业人才中的重要作用。     

Determination of Densities of Liquids and Solids Using a Gas

An experiment for the determination of densities of solids and liquids is described. It uses Archimedes Principle with air as the fluid. It can be used in general and introductory physical chemistry courses as a regular laboratory experiment or as a demonstration. A typical calibration curve and the values of some densities measured using this method are given as examples.     

Photo-pens: a simple and versatile tool for maskless photolithography

We demonstrate conical pores etched in tracked glass chips for fabricating patterns at the micrometer scale. Highly fluorescent patterns based on photopolymerization of diacetylene films were formed by irradiating UV light through conical pores called "photo-pens". The properties of photopens were investigated through experiments, finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) simulations and numerical calculations based on Fresnel equations. We show that the pattern dimensions are easily controlled by adjusting the exposure time. Thus, patterns with a range of dimensions can be fabricated without any need of changes in the pore diameter. Parallel patterning was also demonstrated by simultaneously exposing the films to photons through multiple pores in the chip. Our method provides an inexpensive, versatile, and efficient way for patterning without the use of sophisticated masks.     

Identification and correlation of the short-chain intermediates and final photoproducts in diacetylene crystals

We report on three optical absorption series observed in the course of the low-temperature photopolymerization reaction of diacetylene crystals. The series are assigned to diradical and asymmetric carbene intermediates and to final stable oligomer photoproducts. The chain-length dependence of the photoproduct series is described by a one dimensional electron gas theory.     

形象化教学方法在药学专业化学类课程中的应用

In view of the complex knowledge points and some abstract theories of pharmaceutical chemistry courses, the application of visualized teaching methods to present important knowledge points in a vivid way can enhance the teaching effect and stimulate students' interest in learning. Based on the authors' teaching and research work, this article summarizes the application of figurative teaching methods such as metaphor and analogy in inorganic chemistry and medicinal chemistry courses.     

Synthesis and self-assembling properties of diacetylene-containing glycolipids

Diacetylene-containing glycolipids are interesting molecules that have many potential applications. The polydiacetylenes formed by the cross-linking of the diacetylene lipids are new stimuli-responsive materials. In particular, diacetylene lipids that can form gels in aqueous solution are of great interest in designing functional biocompatible materials. We have synthesized a series of diacetylene-containing sugar lipids with different chain lengths, substituents, and positions of diyne and studied their self-assembling properties in several solvents including hexane, ethanol, and ethanol/water mixture. Among the 24 diacetylene-containing glycolipids synthesized, many of them exhibited excellent gelation properties in ethanol or ethanol/water mixture. Typically very long chain diacetylene lipids formed gels in ethanol and hexane. Shorter chain diacetylene lipids and compounds with one free hydroxyl group can form gels in aqueous solution. The position of the diyne and chain length affect the self-assembling properties significantly. The systematic study of the gelation properties for diacetylene lipids with different lipid chains can help us to understand the structure requirement for the desired physical properties. Optical microscopy studies showed that the molecules form interesting architectures such as tubules, rods, sheets, and belts. The resulting organogels can also be cross-linked and give different colored polymerized gels depending on their structures.