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几种分子导线和分子开关 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
几种分子导线和分子开关焦家俊(华东理工大学化学系上海200237)电子通讯技术和计算技术等方面的飞速发展已导致对更复杂、更小巧的电子器件的需要。作为计算机的最终目标,是要模仿人的大脑来思维,这就对电子器件的集成度提出了更高的要求。然而,在单晶硅片上生... 相似文献
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有机光电功能材料的宏观性能不仅只依赖于基元分子自身的理化性质,还取决于其分子聚集行为和聚集态结构。在特定的聚集态结构中,分子间弱相互作用的加和与协同,可促进体系性能的拓展与质变,获得超越分子本征属性的功能。这凸显出当前化学研究逐步从关注单分子向分子聚集态科学转变,体现出分子聚集态研究的重要性。本文借助有机室温磷光性能对分子聚集态结构的高度灵敏性与响应性,系统探讨了分子聚集态结构的形成规律与核心影响因素。以此为基础,进一步拓展分子聚集态研究的应用领域,包括力致发光、有机二阶非线性光学、力致变色、有机发光二极管等,从静态调控到动态刺激响应(刺激源:力、热、光、电场等),从单一结构到多组分体系与器件,同时,确立了各种有机光功能材料的优势分子聚集形式,提出了聚集态调控的有效策略与研究思路,阐述了光电功能材料体系设计与合成的可控性与预见性。 相似文献
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基于分子模拟技术煤焦分子模型构建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于分子模拟技术煤焦分子模型构建 《燃料化学学报》2017,45(7):769-779
煤、焦是过程工业的重要原料。因此,有必要深入了解煤、焦分子结构以揭示其反应性。采用Materials Studio 7.0软件,从分子层次研究煤、焦的分子结构。根据已报道的文献,构建煤、焦的初始结构;基于分子力学原理对这些结构进行优化,使得模型物性与煤、焦物性相符;基于退火模拟算法对模型进行优化,从而使得模型密度、元素分析数据与真实值吻合;基于能量最小化原理,对煤、焦模型再次优化,从而获得其稳定、真实的分子构型。由计算结果发现,模型的估算密度、元素组成与已报道一致,说明构建的模型是有效、合理的;在模型优化过程中,相对于其他能量而言,库伦能和范德华能起着重要的作用。因此可以推断在煤、焦热加工过程中,弱键占据主要地位。另外,本文采用分子模拟技术构建煤、焦模型的方法对于构建其他复杂大分子结构有着重要的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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以对苯二胺(p-PD)为模板分子,分别以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和丙烯酰胺(AA)为功能单体,制备了p-PD的印迹聚合物P(MAA)和P(AA),采用色谱法考察了其分子识别特性。结果表明,P(AA)对p-PD无明显的印迹效应;而甲醇为流动相时,P(MAA)能够选择性结合p-PD分子(k′=3.57),对p-PD有显著的印迹效应(印迹因子IF=2.95),P(MAA)柱可以实现p-PD与邻苯二胺(o-PD)和对氨基苯甲酸(p-ABA)的色谱分离。通过光谱实验及HF/6-31G*量化理论计算方法,对比研究了p-PD与MAA和AA之间的相互作用。MAA与p-PD能够形成更稳定的复合物,P(MAA)对p-PD具有更好的分子识别能力。研究表明紫外吸收光谱法和荧光光谱法以及量子化学理论计算法可作为功能单体筛选的有效手段;对于荧光模板分子,荧光光谱法具有简便、灵敏等特点。 相似文献
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研究分子束中的生物分子有助于探讨生物分子的固有性质和由于生物环境而引起的其他性质之间的区别。本文首先介绍了一种可将生物分子在气相中"孤立"的实验技术,即激光解吸并分子束冷却技术,同时还介绍了与该研究方向相关的光谱方法,即UV/UV和IR/UV烧孔光谱等。并回顾了近年来人们应用这些实验技术对分子束中的氨基酸和短肽、核酸碱基、糖类和神经递质类分子以及它们的团簇最新研究进展。文中还简要介绍了一种新的应用于构象异构动力学研究的光谱方法,即激励辐射泵浦-注孔(SEP-HF)和激励辐射泵浦-布居转移(SEP-PT)。最后,综述了短肽离子光解离动力学和短肽离子中发生的电荷快速转移动力学过程的研究进展。 相似文献
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Shu-Bin LIU 《物理化学学报》2016,32(1):98-118
Density functional reactivity theory (DFRT) is a recent endeavor to appreciate and quantify molecular reactivity with simple density functionals. Examples of such density functionals recently investigated in the literature included Shannon entropy, Fisher information, and other quantities from information theory. This review presents an overview on the principles of the information-theoretic approach in DFRT, including the extreme physical information principle, minimum information gain principle, and information conservation principle. Three representations of this approach with electron density, shape function, and atoms-in-molecules are also summarized. Moreover, their applications in quantifying steric effect, electrophilicity, nucleophilicity, and regioselectivity are highlighted, so are the recent results in a completely new understanding about the nature and origin of ortho/para and meta group directing phenomena in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. A brief outlook of a few possible future developments is discussed at the end. 相似文献
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A simple linear approach to estimate the aqueous pKa of compounds sparingly soluble in water, mainly drugs, from solely one pKa value determined in any methanol/water mixture is evaluated. The parameters (slope and intercept) of the linear relationships are related to the solvent composition and can be easily calculated according to the acidic or basic functional group of the compound. The method has been tested using the available literature data for phenols, aliphatic carboxylic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, both ortho and non-ortho substituted, amines and imidazole derivatives. The study involves the whole range of solvent composition and about one hundred compounds which show a wide variety of aqueous pKa, from 1.3 to 12.4. The differences between calculated and previously published aqueous pKa values are less of 0.2 pK units. Consistent values are obtained whatever the composition of methanol/water mixture employed in the experimental measurements. The results support the usefulness of the tested method as a very simple approach to get reliable aqueous pKa values for sparingly soluble drugs. 相似文献
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用从头算和密度泛函理论准确预测分子的酸碱性仍然是一个悬而未决的理论和计算难题. 近年来运用密度泛函活性理论(DFRT)发展的分子静电势和价自然原子轨道等概念为该问题的解决提供了一个简单而有效的途径. 最近我们还提出用Hammett常数预测分子酸碱性, 并发现对苯甲酸衍生物其预测精度与DFRT方法一致. 本文将这两个新方法运用于苯酚衍生物体系以验证其普适性, 一共计算了83个体系. 发现二者均可以得到较好的预测精度, 且DFRT方法比Hammett常数结果稍好. 对进一步从局部和整体角度理解分子性质的起源以及这些性质的决定因素提供了有益启示. 该文同时还验证了Hammett常数求和规则的普适性. 相似文献
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Liu S 《The Journal of chemical physics》2007,126(19):191107
An analytical relationship between the densities of the Shannon entropy and Fisher information for atomic and molecular systems has been established in this work. Two equivalent forms of the Fisher information density are introduced as well. It is found that for electron densities of atoms and molecules the Shannon entropy density is intrinsically related to the electron density and the two forms of the Fisher information density. The formulas have been confirmed by the numerical results for the first two-row atoms. 相似文献
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The hydration energy of metallic cations determined with density functional calculations using a double-numerical plus p-polarization basis set, related to the acidity constants of hexaaqua metal complexes, was investigated in the present study. From the results calculated by Vosko-Wilk-Nusair (VWN), Becke-Perdew (BP) and Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr (BLYP) density functionals, a global linear correlation with the observed acidity constants in both main group [Mg(II), Ca(II) and Al(III)] and (post-)transition group [Mn(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Sc(III), Cr(III), Fe(III), Ga(III) and In(III)] hexaaqua metal complexes has been established:
VWN density functional: pKa = 16.5760 + 0.0173Ehydr kcal mol−1
BP density functional: pKa = 15.7329 + 0.0182Ehydr kcal mol−1
BLYP density functional: pKa = 15.9448 + 0.0185Ehydr kcal mol−1 相似文献