超声提取-高效液相色谱法测定农吉利中农吉利甲素

采用甲醇超声提取法提取农吉利中农吉利甲素,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定农吉利甲素的含量.用L9(34)正交试验设计优化了提取溶剂、提取温度、提取时间、料液比等试验条件;以甲醇一三乙胺(0.5+99.5)混合溶液(pH 7.0)为流动相,对生物碱提取液进行了色谱分离,农吉利甲素质量浓度在1.0～800 mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.1 mg·L-1,加标回收率试验的结果在97.8%～102.3%之间.     

苦豆籽中总生物碱的含量测定

苦豆籽系槐科植物苦豆子 (Ｓｏｐｈｒａａｌｏｐｅｃａｒｏｉｄｅｓ)的成熟种子。从苦豆籽中分离得到了 2 0余种生物碱[1 ] ,具有广泛的生理活性 ,药用价值很高。苦豆子总生物碱的含量测定有重量法[2 ] ,酸碱滴定法[3] ,因苦豆子生物碱结构多属于喹啉联啶类衍生物 ,可在ｐＨ7.6缓冲液中与溴麝香草酚蓝形成离子对 ,经氯仿提取后于 42 0ｎｍ进行比色测定。我们采用这种酸性染料分光光度法[4] 进行了苦豆籽胶囊中总生物碱的含量测定 ,为其质量标准的测定提供了依据。1　实验部分1 .1　仪器 ,药品72 1型分光光度计、ＰＨ 2Ｓ型酸度计 ,槐果碱(Ｃ…     

乙二胺合钴溶液中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐氮的测定

建立了快速测定乙二胺合钴溶液中亚硝酸和硝酸盐的方法。使用麝香草酚法测定硝酸盐,使用改进了的GB 13580.7-92测定亚硝酸盐。硝酸盐的线性范围在8 mg·L-1以内,亚硝酸盐的线性范围为0.03~0.8 mg·L-1,相关系数分别为0.999 9,0.999 4。硝酸盐的加标回收率在99.9%~108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)为1.2%;亚硝酸盐的加标回收率在99.5%~107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)为1.4%。     

苦豆籽中生物碱的含量测定

苦豆籽系槐科植物苦豆子（Sophra alope-caroides)的成熟种子。从苦豆籽中分离得到了20余种生物碱[3],具有广泛的生理活性,药用价值很高。苦豆子总生物碱的含量测定有重量法^[2],酸碱滴定法^[3],因苦豆子生物碱结构多属于喹啉联啶类衍生物,可在pH7．6缓冲液中与溴麝香草酚蓝形成离子对,经氯仿提取后于420nm进行比色测定。我们采用了这种酸性染料分光光度法^[4]进行了苦豆籽胶囊中总生物碱的含量测定,为其质量标准的测定提供了依据。     

氨基酸和金属分层修饰电极的制备及对麝香草酚的测定

用循环伏安法制备了不同类型的金属、氨基酸分层修饰电极,用阻抗谱对修饰电极进行了表征,以麝香草酚作为探针,研究了麝香草酚在不同修饰电极上的电化学行为。其中用银和L-苯丙氨酸分层修饰电极测定麝香草酚,峰电流最大。在最佳条件下,麝香草酚在银、L-苯丙氨酸分层修饰电极上产生一个明显的氧化峰,峰电位为:Epa=0.795 V,用循环伏安法进行测定时,峰电流与麝香草酚胺浓度在1.00×10~(-5)~1.00×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1)呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.0×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)。用差分脉冲法测定时,峰电流与麝香草酚浓度在7.50×10~(-6)~7.50×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1)呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8.0×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)。该法用于药品中麝香草酚的测定,结果满意。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定涂料中的六溴环十二烷

提出了用气相色谱-质谱法测定涂料中六溴环十二烷含量的方法。样品用二氯甲烷-丙酮(1+1)混合溶剂超声提取,提取液经硅胶固相萃取小柱净化、平行蒸发定量浓缩后,用DB-5MS毛细管柱进行分离,全扫描模式和选择离子监测模式测定。六溴环十二烷的质量浓度在1～50mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为10 mg·kg-1。添加5,20,50mg·L-1 3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在82.0%～106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=8)在2.8%～5.3%之间。     

利用对三溴偶氮胂-锆（Ⅳ）络合物的置换反应光度法测定草酸

在0.20 mol.L-1盐酸介质中,锆(Ⅳ)与三溴偶氮胂形成1:1蓝紫色络合物,加入草酸可置换络合物中的三溴偶氮胂,使显色溶液的吸光度升高,草酸的浓度与吸光度升高值成正比.在506 nm波长处,草酸浓度在1.0×10-4～6.5×10-4mol.L-1范围内遵守比耳定律.方法的表观摩尔吸光率ε506nm:1.23×10.L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限为0.074 mg·L-1.方法已直接用于地下水以及西红柿样品中草酸含量的测定,所得结果与文献[7]的方法结果相符.测定值的相对标准偏差(n=13)均小于2%,所测得的回收率在95.7%～103.9%之间.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中酚同系物

水样中7种酚同系物用固相萃取法在Oasis HLB柱上预富集,经吹氮干燥后用1 mL甲醇将包括苯酚、4-硝基酚、3-甲基酚、2-氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚及五氯酚在内的7种酚同系物从柱上淋洗,所得淋出液直接进样进行高效液相色谱法测定.在所提出的最佳测定条件下,4-硝基酚质量浓度在4.0 mg·L-1以内,其余6种酚同系物质量浓度在20.0 mg·L-1以内与相应的检测信号之间呈线性关系,以10倍信噪比计算方法的测定下限,测得4-硝基酚的测定下限为0.02 mg·L-1,其余6种酚同系物为0.1 mg·L-1以下.用标准加入法测定方法的回收率,所用基体水样中未检出上述7种酚同系物,测得回收率在79.4%-103.0%之间,相应的相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.0%～6.7%之间.     

氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定原油中氯和溴

采用氧弹燃烧法对原油样品进行燃烧,然后用碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠溶液作为吸收液进行吸收,并提出了离子色谱法分离测定原油中氯和溴的含量的方法。以Dionex IonPac AS23型分离柱为离子交换柱,以4.8mmol·L-1碳酸钠-1.0mmol·L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。氯和溴的质量浓度均在0.01～1mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.3mg·kg-1与0.7 mg·kg-1。方法用于原油样品分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.5%～4.2%之间,回收率在91.8%～109%之间。     

微波辐射溶剂提取-分光光度法测定农吉利中的总黄酮

采用微波辐射溶剂法提取农吉利中的总黄酮。研究了微波功率、微波辐射时间、提取溶剂用量、提取温度、提取时间等实验条件。以牡荆素作为目标物表征,利用UV法测定了提取液中总黄酮。实验结果表明:与常规溶剂回流提取相比,在相同的提取条件下用微波辐射处理药材后再进行提取,其提取率明显提高,山东和广西样品中总黄酮的提取率分别提高48.3%和23.2%。该方法的加标回收率为94.2%~105.5%,重复测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%(n=6)。该法用于农吉利中总黄酮的提取和测定,处理方法简单,测定结果可靠。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.     

Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of 2-iodoanilines,benzylamines, and elemental sulfur toward 2-arylbenzothiazoles

A relatively cheap copper salt-catalyzed, three-component approach providing 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields from readily available 2-iodoanilines, benzylamines, and sulfur powder is reported. This methodology allows preparation of various classes of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and provides a general, reliable approach.