基于铂薄膜电极的电化学型甲醛传感器

制做了液相体系中以铂薄膜电极作为工作电极的甲醛电化学传感器。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对铂薄膜电极的物相和表面形貌进行表征。在外加电压为0.7 V,电解液H2SO4溶液浓度为0.1mol/L时,传感器的响应信号与甲醛浓度在0.561~18.71μmol/L之间呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=0.4085c+2.746(R2=0.9904),传感器对甲醛的响应时间(T 90)约为60 s。     

基于铂纳米颗粒电沉积镁铝水滑石修饰电极的电化学葡萄糖生物传感器

采用成核/晶化隔离法合成了镁铝水滑石纳米颗粒,将其修饰到氧化铟锡导电玻璃电极表面;在此修饰电极基础上,利用电沉积还原氯铂酸盐法制备了铂纳米颗粒/水滑石复合修饰电极.由于水滑石层板表面的外限域作用有效抑制了铂纳米颗粒的聚集,使该电极对过氧化氢具有较好的电催化性能.基于镁铝水滑石良好的生物相容性,将葡萄糖氧化酶进一步修饰到该电极表面,实现了对葡萄糖高灵敏的电化学检测,检出限(S/N=3)达1.0μmol/L.     

铂纳米颗粒修饰直立碳纳米管电极的葡萄糖生物传感器

基于Pt纳米颗粒修饰直立的碳纳米管电极制备了葡萄糖生物传感器.铂纳米颗粒是利用电位脉冲沉积法修饰到直立碳纳米管上的,可以增强电极对酶反应过程当中产生的过氧化氢的催化行为.用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了直立碳纳米管在修饰Pt纳米颗粒前后的形态.该酶电极对葡萄糖的氧化表现出很好的响应,线性范围为1×10-5～7×10-3mol/L,响应时间小于5s,并且有很好的重现性.     

纳米铂颗粒修饰薄膜金电极的新型葡萄糖传感器研究

在没有引入电子媒介体条件下,为了提高传感器的响应灵敏度,降低工作电位,利用电化学沉积法在薄膜金电极表面修饰纳米铂颗粒,并通过戊二醛固定酶的方法制备了一种新型生物传感器。研究了在薄膜金电极上修饰纳米铂颗粒前后传感器对低浓度葡萄糖的响应影响。结果表明,纳米铂颗粒修饰后所制备的葡萄糖传感器工作电位下降为0.4 V,测定葡萄糖的检出限从100μmol/L下降到10μmol/L。传感器对10~1300μmol/L低浓度葡萄糖的响应灵敏度为50.8 nA/(cm2μmol/L);响应时间30 s;r为0.9974;传感器精密度为2.1%,并具有较好的稳定性。     

碳纳米管负载铂颗粒酶电极葡萄糖传感器

以碳纳米管负载纳米铂颗粒修饰玻碳电极 (CNT Pt/GCE)为基底 ,用明胶固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD) ,构建了电流型葡萄糖生物传感器 (GOD/CNT Pt/GCE)。在实验中 ,GOD/CNT Pt/GCE显示了良好的分析性能 ,与常规铂电极葡萄糖传感器 (GOD/Pt)相比较 ,测定葡萄糖的检出限从 6 .7× 10 -3 mol/L下降到8.3× 10 -4mol/L ;工作电位从 0 .6 5V下降至 0 .4 5V ;响应时间从 30s下降至 5s左右。实验结果表明 ,具有高度电催化活性的CNT Pt/GCE可作为酶传感器的一种新型基体电极。     

基于石墨/聚吡咯电极的葡萄糖生物传感器

采用电化学聚合技术,在掺杂的导电聚吡咯薄膜修饰过的铅笔芯电极上,吸附葡萄糖氧化酶制备葡萄糖生物传感器。首先在含有0.1 mol/L吡咯和0.01 mol/L HCl的溶液中,于0.7 V恒电位下吡咯单体氧化聚合,在铅笔芯电极表面形成聚吡咯薄膜;然后将葡萄糖氧化酶吸附在修饰过的电极上制备出葡萄糖氧化酶-聚吡咯-铅笔芯电极电流型生物传感器。实验考察了吡咯聚合时间、聚合温度、葡萄糖氧化酶吸附量、检测电压以及干扰物对传感器性能的影响。实验结果表明,在优化条件下,传感器的灵敏度为17.78μA/mmol/L,线性范围0.8 mmol/L,线性相关度R=0.9918,响应时间小于16 s,检测下限为18.75μmol/L,有较强的抗干扰能力。     

电极处理对葡萄糖传感器稳定性的影响

针对目前在共价键法固定葡萄糖氧化酶传感器过程中,存在影响传感器稳定性的封装,氧化和后处理3个问题,通过选择新的封装材料,进行多层复合封装,解决了因封装失效影响传感器稳定性的问题。研究了铂电极的氧化方法和氧化程度对传感器稳定性的影响,优化了铂电极的氧化工艺;采用了新的电极通电后处理方法,制得了性能良好的传感器,使电极的稳定性显著提高,经连续测试15天,传感器的相对活性为91％,存放3个月后,传感器的相对活性达到90％。     

无酶葡萄糖传感器

利用葡萄糖在镍电极上的电化学氧化．制备了无酶葡萄糖传感器,研究了其电化学氧化机理．并测定了血清中葡萄糖的含量。在较高的pH值和570 mV的电位条件下,镍电极上产生的Ni(Ⅲ)具有氧化剂的作用,能直接氧化葡萄糖为葡萄糖酸内酯,产生的正比于葡萄糖浓度的电流响应可以定量样品中的葡萄糖含量。传感器由镍棒、铂丝对极和Ag/AgCl参比电极构成;对葡萄糖的响应时间小于1 min,进样间隔时间为3 min;对葡萄糖的电流响应范围为1．96×10~(-5)～1．80×10~(-4)mol/L,检测限为9．80×10~(-6)mol/L。传感器未使用葡萄糖氧化酶或其他生物酶,受温度的影响较小,样品中的氧对测定没有影响。在镍电极上,抗坏血酸、尿酸和多巴胺等物质不干扰血清中葡萄糖的测定。传感器用于测定血清中葡萄糖含量,相对标准偏差为4．3％。与己糖激酶法的测定结果一致。传感器制备简单,无需特殊保管,经简单处理后可重复使用。     

基于聚吡咯的平面型葡萄糖传感器的研究

在含有葡萄糖氧化酶的聚吡咯饰的电极表面涂覆一层明胶，再用戊二醛交联剂备了葡萄糖传感器，该传感器的基础电极采用薄膜沉积和剥离技术制作，包括一个工作电极和一个对电极（兼作参比电极），该传感器线性范围为０．１～４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，响应时间和灵敏度分别为１５～２５ｓ和１８．１ｍＡ／ｍｏｌ．ｃｍ＾２，传感器在４℃冰箱中存放６个月其活性仍有９０％以上。     

基于普鲁士蓝(PB)膜修饰铂电极的葡萄糖传感器的研究

在制备PB膜修饰铂盘电极的基础上,利用修饰电极对过氧化氢的电催化还原特性,得到了性能优良的葡萄糖传感器。作者系统地考察了有关修饰膜制备和测试实验条件对传感器性能的影响,结果表明传感器的最佳工作电位是0．05V,测试溶液的最适PH值为6．5,在选定的工作条件下,传感器的检测灵敏度为80nA/mmol.L^-1,线性范围为0．1－5mmol.L^-1,响应时间为1．5min,寿命在1个月以上,表观米氏常数为21mmol.L^-1。本方法制得的传感器能有效消除抗坏血酸,尿酸的干扰,有望用于血液中葡萄糖的直接测定。     

Topography changes of rhodium electrodes induced by the application of fast periodic potential routines

The surface structure of polycrystalline rhodium electrodes in contact with aqueous sulfuric acid was modified by chemical etching with hot concentrated acid or by applying fast square waves with an upper potential equal to 1.55 V and a lower potential within the –0.75 V to –0.35 V range. Polycrystalline rhodium and chemical etched electrodes were characterized by voltammetry, Cu underpotential deposition (upd) and X-ray diffraction. For electrofaceted surfaces were used voltammetry, Cu upd and SEM, revealing that two modified rhodium electrodes exhibit similar voltammetric characteristics as those found for Rh(111) and Rh(110) single crystals, and a third surface with an equal distribution of (110) and (111) planes. In addition, the upd of Cu on those surfaces corroborated the existence of those crystallographic planes. SEM micrographs show surface structures with a high density of terraces and steps. A mechanism of faceting is proposed. Electronic Publication     

Development and evaluation of electrochemical glucose enzyme biosensors based on carbon film electrodes

Electrochemical glucose enzyme biosensors have been prepared on carbon film electrodes made from carbon film electrical resistors. Evaluation and characterisation of these electrodes in phosphate buffer saline solution has been carried out with and without pretreatment by cycling in perchloric acid or at fixed applied potential. Both pretreatments led to a reduction in the carbon surface oxidation peak and enabled better detection of hydrogen peroxide in the pH range of 5-7. Glucose oxidase enzyme was immobilised on the carbon surface by mixing with glutaraldehyde, bovine serum albumin and with and without Nafion. The performance of these two types of electrode was similar, that containing Nafion being more physically robust. Linear ranges were up to around 1.5 mM, with detection limits 60 μM, and pretreatment of the carbon film electrode at a fixed potential of +0.9 V versus SCE for 5 min was found to be the most beneficial. Michaelis-Menten constants between 5 mM and 10 mM were found under the different experimental conditions. Coating the immobilised enzyme layer with a thin layer of Nafion was found to give similar results in the determination of glucose to mixing it but with benefits against interferences for the analysis of complex matrices, such as wine. Potentialities, for a short-term-use or disposable sensors, are indicated.     

Glucose Biosensor Based on Oxygen Electrode Part III: Long-Term Performance of the Glucose Biosensor in Blood Plasma at Body Temperature

Abstract

A potentially implantable glucose biosensor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels in diabetic patients has been developed. The glucose biosensor is based on an amperometric oxygen electrode and Glucose Oxidase immobilized on carbon powder held in a form of a liquid suspension. The enzyme material can be replaced (the sensor recharged) without sensor disassembly. Glucose diffusion membranes from polycarbonate (PC) and from polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) coated with silastic are used.

Sensors were evaluated continuously operating in phosphate buffer solution and in undiluted blood plasma at body temperature. Calibration curves of the sensors were periodically obtained. The sensors show stable performance during at least 1200 hours of operation without refilling of the enzyme. The PTFE membrane demonstrates high mechanical stability and is little effected by long-term operation in undiluted blood plasma.     

A regenerated electrochemical biosensor for label-free detection of glucose and urea based on conformational switch of i-motif oligonucleotide probe

Improving the reproducibility of electrochemical signal remains a great challenge over the past decades. In this work, i-motif oligonucleotide probe-based electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) sensor is introduced for the first time as a regenerated sensing platform, which enhances the reproducibility of electrochemical signal, for label-free detection of glucose and urea. The addition of glucose or urea is able to activate glucose oxidase-catalyzed or urease-catalyzed reaction, inducing or destroying the formation of i-motif oligonucleotide probe. The conformational switch of oligonucleotide probe can be recorded by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Thus, the difference of electron transfer resistance is utilized for the quantitative determination of glucose and urea. We further demonstrate that the E-DNA sensor exhibits high selectivity, excellent stability, and remarkable regenerated ability. The human serum analysis indicates that this simple and regenerated strategy holds promising potential in future biosensing applications.     

Amperometric Glucose Biosensors Based on Composite Polymeric Structures to Prevent Interferences

ABSTRACT

High sensitive glucose biosensors were realised by oxidative polymerisation of amphiphilic pyrrole monomer-glucose oxidase mixtures, previously adsorbed on platinum electrodes. These sensors, based on H₂O₂ electrooxidation at 0.5V vs SCE, exhibited marked interferences due to electrooxidisable endogenous (ascorbate and urate) and exogenous (paracetamol) compounds. Bilayer structures, combining the preceding polymer film as an outer layer and electrogenerated poly(phenylene diamine), overoxidised polypyrrolic films or Nafion as an inner layer, were fabricated in order to minimise interferences. Finally, the use of Nafion as a semipermeable barrier appeared to be more efficient than the electrogenerated films. The Nafion-based biosensor exhibited glucose sensitivity of 0.4 mA.M^?1; .cm^?2, while interference of ascorbate, urate and paracetamol was negligible.