二氧化钛与碳纳米管协同作用的葡萄糖生物传感研究

在玻碳电极表面滴涂二氧化钛纳米颗粒-碳纳米管-壳聚糖(TiO2-MWNT-CS)复合物,待干后在其TiO2-MWNT-CS修饰电极表面电沉积一层均匀而致密的纳米铂(Pt),然后将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)固定于修饰电极表面,最后,为了防止酶的泄漏和干扰物质的干扰,将Nafion滴涂于修饰电极表面,制得新型的葡萄糖传感器。通过循环伏安法,交流阻抗技术和计时电流法考察了电极的电化学特性。在最佳的实验条件下,该传感器在3.0×10-6～1.45×10-3 mol/L范围内对葡萄糖有良好的线性响应,相关系数为0.9967(n=15),检测下限为9.5×10-7 mol/L(S/N=3)。由于纳米粒子间的协同作用,该传感器具有灵敏度高、稳定性和选择性好等优点。     

纳米铂颗粒修饰薄膜金电极的新型葡萄糖传感器研究

在没有引入电子媒介体条件下,为了提高传感器的响应灵敏度,降低工作电位,利用电化学沉积法在薄膜金电极表面修饰纳米铂颗粒,并通过戊二醛固定酶的方法制备了一种新型生物传感器。研究了在薄膜金电极上修饰纳米铂颗粒前后传感器对低浓度葡萄糖的响应影响。结果表明,纳米铂颗粒修饰后所制备的葡萄糖传感器工作电位下降为0.4 V,测定葡萄糖的检出限从100μmol/L下降到10μmol/L。传感器对10~1300μmol/L低浓度葡萄糖的响应灵敏度为50.8 nA/(cm2μmol/L);响应时间30 s;r为0.9974;传感器精密度为2.1%,并具有较好的稳定性。     

纳米铂修饰电极用于提高葡萄糖传感器性能的研究

纳米材料领域的快速发展,促进了无酶葡萄糖电化学传感器的研制热潮的兴起。本论文采用计时电流沉积的方式制备了铂纳米花修饰电极,用于改善葡萄糖电化学传感器的性能,同时考察了沉积电位,沉积时间以及电解液的种类对修饰电极性能的影响。研究结果表明,在以氯铂酸(3.0mmol·L~(-1))和硫酸(0.5mol·L~(-1))为电解液,-0.2V的沉积电位,沉积900s时,可以得到葡萄糖氧化峰明显,电化学性能较好的纳米铂修饰电极,所构建的葡萄糖传感器具有较好的稳定性和重现性。     

碳纳米管负载铂-二氧化钌纳米颗粒用于葡萄糖传感器的研究

建立了多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)负载铂二二氧化钌纳米颗粒的液相化学还原法.以Nafion为固定剂,将Pt-RuO2/MWNTs复合材料修饰于玻碳电极的表面,制备了一种无酶型葡萄糖传感器.实验表明:复合材料修饰的电极对葡萄糖响应电流明显,并且受抗坏血酸(AA)、多巴胺(DA)和尿酸(UA)的干扰小.本实验采用安培法测定葡萄糖,线性范围为2 0×10 3～1.0×10-2 mol/L(R～0.9965);灵敏度为119.26 μA cm-2(mmol/L)-1;检出限为1.25×10 -5 mol/L(信噪比为3);响应时间为4.8 s.PtRuO2/MWNTs修饰电极可作为性能良好的无酶型葡萄糖传感器.     

交联镍纳米片修饰电极用于无酶葡萄糖传感器

以滴涂法在玻碳电极表面修饰一层阳离子交换聚合物Nafion膜,通过离子交换将Ni2+固定于电极表面,进一步电化学沉积得到相互交联的Ni纳米片。Ni纳米片修饰电极能催化葡萄糖的电化学氧化,可用于无酶葡萄糖传感器的构建。在0.60 V恒电位条件下,Ni纳米片修饰电极的氧化峰电流随葡萄糖浓度的增大而增大,其线性响应浓度范围为0.02~3.85 mmol/L。传感器的检测灵敏度为150.6μA(mmol/L)-1·cm-2,检出限为5μmol/L,响应时间为5 s。传感器应用于葡萄糖注射液的检测,加标回收率为90.0%。     

三维立体结构微纳电极研究

基于体硅加工工艺和纳米材料技术,研制微电机系统(MEMS)尺度敏感微结构与纳米铂颗粒的复合结构,提高微电极电化学性能,制备具有三维立体微结构的安培型微电极传感器.利用硅的各向异性湿法腐蚀技术在毫米级的工作电极表面实现微米级的锥体形微池阵列,以H2O2为检测对象考察立体电极结构对传感器性能的改进效果,实验证明,立体结构的设计使传感器具有更低的检出限(8 μmol/L)及更高的灵敏度(在 0～200 μmol/L浓度范围内检测灵敏度提高约85%),且具有较好的线性和重复性.利用电化学方法在电极表面沉积铂黑,通过微观形貌分析和电化学特性考察,比较了在平面微电极和立体微电极上修饰纳米材料的效果.立体结构为电沉积铂纳米颗粒提供了更为理想的微环境,改善了纳米材料修饰的效果;立体结构微电极与纳米颗粒的尺寸效应相结合,进一步提高了电极的催化效率和电化学特性.     

金纳米粒子和钼氧化物复合膜修饰电极的制备及应用

利用循环伏安法将金纳米粒子和钼氧化物共同电沉积在玻碳电极表面,制备了金纳米粒子和钼氧化物复合膜修饰电极,利用SEM和XPS研究了MoOx/AuNPs复合膜的表面形态,并研究其修饰电极对葡萄糖的电催化氧化过程. 首次提出了阳极扫描极化反向催化伏安法,即在反向扫描过程中纯的催化氧化电流通过扣减背景电流的方法被提取出来. 显著提高电流测量灵敏度改善了信噪比. 制备的MoOx/AuNPs复合膜修饰电极在0.01-4.0 mmol/L对葡萄糖具有线性响应,电流灵敏度为2.35 mA·L/（mmol·cm2）,检测限为9.01 μmol/L（信噪比为3）.     

基于纳米铂黑修饰的快速检测用乳酸生物传感器研究

制备了一种可用于运动员血清样品乳酸快速检测的L-乳酸传感器.这种便携式平面电化学生物传感器采用金薄膜两电极系统;先后修饰纳米铂黑粒子层和铁氰化钾媒介体.铂黑纳米粒子沉积于金电极表面以提高传感器的灵敏度和稳定性,然后将乳酸氧化酶(LOD, E.C.1.1.3.2)和相关试剂固定在工作电极表面,铁氰化钾作为媒介体用以提高电极表面电子传递能力,并将工作电压降低为0.2 V.通过优化铂黑颗粒的沉积、乳酸氧化酶的浓度、铁氰化钾的浓度、添加剂的成分和浓度等条件,将传感器的检测范围扩展至1～20 mmol/L乳酸,检测灵敏度提高到1.43 μA·L/mmol,检测时间为50 s.生物传感器的批间r为0.0549;生物传感器经室温储存1年后仍可保持90%的活性.这种传感器成功地用于无稀释乳酸血清样品的快速检测,结合便携式检测仪(YT 2005-1 乳酸测试仪)将在快速诊断领域具有很好的应用前景.     

基于Pd-Au纳米颗粒的非标记型凝血酶传感器的研制

采用电沉积方法将Pd纳米颗粒沉积到玻碳电极(GCE)表面,再将Pd纳米颗粒修饰电极插入H2SO4溶液中,吸收适量活性氢后,转移到HAuCl4溶液中,静置一定时间后,使金被活性氢还原并自发沉积到Pd纳米颗粒修饰的玻碳电极表面。通过自组装作用将带巯基的凝血酶适配体Ⅰ固定在Pd-Au/GCE表面,制得非标记型凝血酶适配体传感器。当凝血酶与凝血酶适配体结合时,覆盖在电极表面,从而阻碍了电极表面的Pd-Au纳米颗粒对H2O2的催化还原活性,通过监测H2O2还原电流的减小程度,实现对凝血酶的定量检测。考察了pH值、培育时间等实验条件对响应电流的影响以及Pd-Au纳米颗粒的协同作用。实验表明,此传感器的线性范围为3.0~300 nmol/L,检出限为0.98 nmol/L。     

Au-PtNPs/SWNT复合材料修饰电极的电化学制备及其应用

在室温条件下,利用恒电位吸附法和多电位阶跃法制备了金-铂纳米粒子(Au-PtNPs)/单壁碳纳米管(SWNT)复合材料修饰电极,并利用电化学方法和原子力显微镜(AFM)对其进行了表征。结果表明:Au-Pt-NPs可很好的结合在SWNT表面,在该电极的最佳修饰条件下(SWNT分散液中电沉积30 s,H2PtO6中浸泡10 min,循环阶跃沉积金纳米粒子45次(葡萄糖)或30次(甲醇))可以较好的电催化氧化碱性环境中的葡萄糖及甲醇,有望在葡萄糖无酶传感器及甲醇燃料电池中得到应用。     

Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on Platinum Nanoparticles Combined Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Electrode

A sensitive amperometric glucose biosensor based on platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) combined aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) electrode was investigated. PtNPs which can enhance the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode for electrooxidating hydrogen peroxide by enzymatic reaction were electrocrystallized on 4‐aminobenzene monolayer‐grafted ACNTs electrode by potential‐step method. These PtNPs combined ACNTs' (PtNPs/ACNTs) surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The highly dispersed PtNPs on ACNTs can be obtained. The enzyme electrode exhibits excellent response performance to glucose with linear range from 1×10^?5–7×10^?3 mol L^?1 and fast response time within 5 s. Furthermore, this glucose biosensor also has good reproducibility. It is demonstrated that the PtNPs/ACNTs electrode with high electrocatalytic activity is a suitable basic electrode for preparing enzyme electrodes.     

An amperometric glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase immobilized in electropolymerized poly(o-aminophenol) and carbon nanotubes composite film on a gold electrode.

An amperometric glucose biosensor is developed that is based on immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) in a composite film of poly(o-aminophenol) (POAP) and carbon nanotubes (CNT), which are electrochemically co-polymerized at a gold (Au) electrode. Because of the high surface per volume ratio and excellent electrical conductivity of CNT, the biosensor based on an Au/POAP/CNT/GOD electrode has lower detection limit (0.01 mM), larger maximum response current (0.24 mA cm(-2)) and higher sensitivity (11.4 mA M(-1) cm(-2)) than the values of the biosensor based on an Au/POAP/GOD electrode. Additionally, the biosensor shows fast response time, large response current, and good anti-interferent ability for ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetaminophen. Good reproducibility and stability of the biosensor are also observed.     

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the immobilization of enzyme in glucose biosensors

A novel biosensor, comprised of electrode of gold/multi-walled carbon nanotubes–glucose oxidase (Au/MWNTs–GOD), has been developed. The MWNTs were produced by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The enzyme of GOD was immobilized using MWNTs. Performance and characteristics of the fabricated glucose biosensor were assessed with respect to response time, detection limit, pH value and storage stability. The results show that the fabricated biosensor is sensitive and stable in detecting glucose, indicating that MWNTs are a good candidate material for the immobilization of enzyme in glucose biosensor construction.     

聚中性红修饰玻碳电极葡萄糖生物传感器

以中性红为电子媒介体,电聚合于Nafion修饰的玻碳电极表面,以戊二醛作交联剂固定葡萄糖氧化酶,最后覆盖一层Nafion膜防止酶流失,构建一种新型葡萄糖生物传感器.详细探讨了传感器的电化学性能及对葡萄糖的最佳响应条件.结果表明,30℃时,传感器在pH 7.0的PBS中对葡萄糖的线性响应范围为1.0×10-5~5.0×10-3mol.L-1.该传感器制作简单、性能优良,有潜在应用前景.     

A Novel Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on the Synergistic Effect of Gold‐Platinum Alloy Nanoparticles/Polyaniline Nanotube/Chitosan Nanocomposite Membrane

Based on the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in chitosan(CS) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with the Au‐Pt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) / polyaniline nanotube (nanoPAN) nanocomposite film, a novel hydrogen peroxide biosensor was constructed. The modified processes of GCE were monitored by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Au‐PtNPs/nanoPAN/CS had a better synergistic electrochemical effect than did AuNPs/nanoPAN/CS or PtNPs/nanoPAN/CS. The amperometric response of the biosensor towards H₂O₂ was investigated by successively adding aliquots of H₂O₂ to a continuous stirring phosphate buffer solution under the optimized conditions. Because Au‐PtNPs have unique catalytic properties and good biocompatibility, and especially Au‐PtNPs and nanoPAN have synergistic augmentation for facilitating electron‐transfer, the biosensor displayed a fast response time (<2 s) and broad linear response to H₂O₂ in the range from 1.0 to 2200 μmol L^?1 with a relatively low detection limit of 0.5 μmol L^?1 at 3 times the background noise. Moreover, the biosensor can be applied in practical analysis and exhibited high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and long‐term stability.     

EC-Pt/CNTs葡萄糖氧化酶电极

采用乙基纤维素(EC)和载Pt碳纳米管(CNTs)导电复合材料固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)制备EC-Pt/CNTs葡萄糖氧化酶电极.该电极在0~4 mmol/L的浓度范围内检测葡萄糖,灵敏度为0.85μA/mmol.L-1,浸泡18 d后电极活性仍达80%,EC-Pt/CNTs葡萄糖氧化酶电极可望构建葡萄糖传感器.     

Pt nanoparticles modified Au nanowire array for amperometric and potentiometric detection of glucose

A new glucose biosensor, based on the modification of highly ordered Au nanowire arrays (ANs) with Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) and subsequent surface adsorption of glucose oxidase (GOx), is described. Morphologies of ANs and ANs/PtNPs were observed by scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical properties of ANs, ANs/GOx, ANs/PtNPs, and ANs/PtNPs/GOx electrodes were compared by cyclic voltammetry. Results obtained from comparison of the cyclic voltammograms show that PtNPs modification enhances electrochemical catalytic activity of ANs to H₂O₂. Hence, ANs/PtNPs/GOx biosensor exhibits much better sensing to glucose than ANs/GOx. Optimum deposition time of ANs/PtNPs/GOx biosensor for both amperometric and potentiometric detection of glucose was achieved to be 150 s at deposition current of 1?×?10^?6 A. A sensitivity of 0.365 μA/mM with a linear range from 0.1 to 7 mM was achieved for amperometric detection; while for potentiometric detection the sensitivity is 33.4 mV/decade with a linear range from 0.1 to 7 mM.     

Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase immobilized on TiO2–graphene/nickel oxide nanocomposite film and its application

A novel electrochemical platform based on nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and TiO₂–graphene (TiO₂–Gr) was developed for the direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase (GOD). The electrochemical behavior of the sensor was studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The experimental results demonstrated that the nanocomposite well retained the activity of GOD and the modified electrode GOD/NiO/TiO₂–Gr/GCE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the redox of GOD as evidenced by the significant enhancement of redox peak currents in comparison with bare GCE. The biosensor responded linearly to glucose in the range of 1.0–12.0?mM, with a sensitivity of 4.129?μA?mM^?1 and a detection limit of 1.2?×?10^?6?M under optimized conditions. The response time of the biosensor was 3?s. In addition, the developed biosensor possessed good reproducibility and stability, and there was negligible interference from other electroactive components.     

二茂铁功能化Fe3O4/碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合膜葡萄糖生物传感电极的研究

采用交联法制备了羧基二茂铁功能化Fe₃O₄纳米粒子（FMC-AFNPs）复合材料,并将该复合纳米材料与多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）、壳聚糖（CS）及葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）混合修饰于自制的磁性玻碳基底(MGC)表面,制备了GOD/FMC-AFNPs/MWNTs/CS复合膜生物传感器电极. 实验结果表明,FMC-AFNPs复合材料有效地克服了二茂铁在电极表面的泄漏,且FMC-AFNPs/MWNTs/CS复合膜良好的生物兼容性较大地改善了固定化GOD的生物活性. MWNTs具有良好的导电性和大比表面积,在修饰膜内可作为电子传递“导线”,极大地促进电极的电子传递速率,提高电极的电催化活性和灵敏度. 该电极的葡萄糖检测的线性范围为1.0×10^-5 ~ 6.0×10^-3 molL^-1,检测限为3.2×10^-6 mmolL^-1（S/N=3）,表观米氏常数为5.03×10^-3 mmolL^-1,且有较好的稳定性和重现性.     

Reagentless Glucose Biosensor Based on the Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase on Carbon Nanotube‐Modified Electrodes

The direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase (GOD) was revealed at a carbon nanotube (CNT)‐modified glassy carbon electrode, where the enzyme was immobilized with a chitosan film containing gold nanoparticles. The immobilized GOD displays a pair of redox peaks in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solutions (PBS) with the formal potential of about ?455 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) and shows a surface‐controlled electrode process. Bioactivity remains good, along with effective catalysis of the reduction of oxygen. In the presence of dissolved oxygen, the reduction peak current decreased gradually with the addition of glucose, which could be used for reagentless detection of glucose with a linear range from 0.04 to 1.0 mM. The proposed glucose biosensor exhibited high sensitivity, good stability and reproducibility, and was also insensitive to common interferences such as ascorbic and uric acid. The excellent performance of the reagentless biosensor is attributed to the effective enhancement of electron transfer between enzyme and electrode surface by CNTs, and the biocompatible environment that the chitosan film containing gold nanoparticles provides for immobilized GOD.