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1.
介质阻挡放电等离子体催化天然气偶联制C2   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在常压、室温的介质阻挡放电连续流动反应器中, 对介质阻挡放电等离子体作用下天然气偶联反应制C2烃进行了研究. 考察了放电频率、放电的电极结构、放电电压、放电的电极数目、氢气、甲烷进料流量和催化剂等参数对甲烷转化率和产物(碳二烃和碳三烃)的选择性影响规律, 同时探讨了反应过程. 结果表明合适的工艺条件为: 电源频率20 kHz, 电极结构为两个电极上都覆盖绝缘介质的b型, 放电电压20~40 kV, 进料流量20~60 mL·min-1, H2/CH4为1/4; 甲烷的转化率随电压的升高而增大, 随甲烷进料流量的增大而减小, 碳二烃的选择性随电压的升高而减小, 随甲烷进料流量的增大而增大. 甲烷的转化率可达45%, 碳二烃选择性可达76%, 产品(碳二烃和碳三烃)的总选择性接近100%; 连续反应100 h无积碳; 催化剂可改善产品碳二烃的选择性; 碳二烃和碳三烃的生成主要是通过自由基和甲烷分子反应获得的.  相似文献   

2.
电场增强催化甲烷合成碳二烃催化剂影响研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本研究提出了在常温、常压电场增强等离子体条件下甲烷直接转化合成碳二烃的洁净工艺 ,在不同的放电电压、放电功率、甲烷进料流量和不同的催化剂作用下 ,甲烷能够以不同的转化率和选择性转变为碳二烃。对影响甲烷转化率和碳二烃选择性的因素 :放电电压、放电功率、甲烷进料流量和催化剂进行了研究 ,对催化剂性能进行了比较 ,并探讨了反应机理。结果表明 ,适宜的工艺条件 :放电电压 2 0kV~ 4 0kV ;输入功率 :2 0W~ 4 0W ;合适的甲烷进料流量 :30mL/min~ 70mL/min。在该条件下 ,碳二烃的选择性可以达到 95 % ;催化剂对甲烷转化率的影响顺序为MnO2 /Al2 O3 >Ni/Al2 O3 >MoO3 /Al2 O3 >Ni/NaY >Pd/ZSM 5 >Ni/H4Mg2 Si3 O4>Ni/ZSM 5 >Co/ZSM 5 >无催化剂。  相似文献   

3.
“短接触”CH4-CO2两步反应和CO2加氢研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
 在以往研究工作的基础上,针对交替进料方式存在的局限性,采用在两步进料的间隙通入惰性气体来实现“短接触”反应. 结果表明,“短接触”可有效地抑制CH4-CO2两步反应中副产物的生成,提高目的产物的选择性; 对于CO2加氢反应,“短接触”可使含氧化合物的生成速率和选择性得到显著提高. 同时,在“短接触”的CO2加氢反应中,醇是初级产物,其生成速率较快,链增长方式可用烯醇缩合机理解释,不受表面活泼碳氢物种的影响; 烃是次级产物,其生成速率较慢,链增长方式可用表面活泼碳氢物种聚合机理解释. “短接触”反应有可能成为CO2或CO加氢中提高醇收率和选择性的有效方法.  相似文献   

4.
大气压旋转螺旋状电极辉光放电等离子体催化甲烷偶联   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用新研制的具有旋转螺旋状电极的大气压辉光放电等离子体反应器催化甲烷偶联制碳二烃. 实验采用铜电极和不锈钢电极分别考察了输入电场峰值电压和甲烷、氢气进料流量等参数对甲烷转化率和碳二烃收率、选择性的影响. 在长时间连续反应无明显积碳的情况下, 最佳试验结果是电极材料为金属铜, 进料流量为60 mL•min-1, V(CH4 )/V(H2)=1的条件下, 输入电场峰值电压为2.3 kV时, 甲烷转化率为70.64%, 碳二烃单程收率及其选择性分别为69.85%和 99.14%.  相似文献   

5.
甲醇制烃反应机理研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
综述了甲醇制烃(MTH)反应机理的研究概况.分别介绍了MTH反应过程中的二甲醚生成、烃池机理、深度反应、催化剂失活原因和副产物甲烷的生成途径,重点综述了烃池机理的研究进展和存在的争议.指出了明确分子筛结构和酸性对烃池物种类型、低碳烯烃生成路径的影响以及初始C—C键形成机制是未来MTH机理研究的方向,据此指导并开发出抗积炭失活能力强、目标产物选择性高的催化剂仍是改进MTH工艺的关键.  相似文献   

6.
研究了在常温,常压及惰性气体稀释的条件下,用脉冲电晕放电进行的甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)反应。在各种实验条件下,产物CZ烃由一6o/o乙烯,-70rk乙烷和一87%乙炔组成。甲烷的转化率及CZ烃的生成速率依赖于反应气中甲烷与氧气的比值,它们的流速及直流电源的电压等n通过调节这些实验条件,甲烷转化为C4烃的转化率可得到优化,在45kV高压,30ml。/min的流速下(反应气体组成为95%CHn与50/0O2),CZ烃的最高选择性可达85O/O。当反应气体组成为80%CH4和20O/oOZ时,甲烷的最高转化率达23%。在间歇式反应器中,甲烷转化率随反应时间增长而提高,反应75分钟时甲烷转化率达7lO/O,而CZ烃的产物分布,尤其是乙炔的含量随反应时间增长而明显降低,这些实验结果支持了文献中提出的ZCH4~CZH6—CZH4~CZHZ~CO/COZ反应历程。  相似文献   

7.
费托合成钴基催化剂的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 费托合成油技术是煤炭、天然气等含碳资源清洁优化利用的重要途径, 其关键问题之一是催化剂选择性的调控, 即抑制甲烷生成和提高馏分油含量. 近 10 年来, 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所系统地开展了钴基费托合成催化剂及制备放大的工程基础研究, 包括钴分散度、还原度与甲烷生成之间的关系, 载体表面疏水性对催化剂性能的影响, 以及采用孔道限域等手段初步实现了产物的选择性调控. 同时, 初步阐明了甲烷生成的结构基础, 并指明了新型馏分油催化剂研发方向. 在此基础上, 研制了新型钴基催化剂, 其具有低甲烷选择性、高重质烃选择性和良好稳定性的特点. 目前, 对 I 型催化剂完成了实验室稳定性验证并实现了工业示范; 对 II 型催化剂 (甲烷选择性约 2%~3%) 完成了稳定性验证.  相似文献   

8.
采用新型的旋转电极辉光放电反应器, 在常温常压下对辉光等离子体作用下的甲烷转化制C2烃进行了研究. 在氢气共存条件下, 考察了反应器电极的结构、材料, 输入电场峰值电压和反应物流率等参数对甲烷转化率和C2烃单程收率及其选择性的影响规律, 同时比较了不同反应器的能量效率. 结果表明: 在本实验条件下, 金属铜材料好于不锈钢, 螺旋形结构优于三排圆盘结构. CH4转化率和C2烃选择性和收率均随输入电场峰值电压的升高而增大, 随反应物流量的增加而减小. 从CH4转化率、C2烃的收率和选择性的指标来评价这些反应器, 采用旋转螺旋状铜电极反应器时最好, 当反应物流量为60 mL/min时, 甲烷最高转化率为77.31%, 对应的C2烃收率和选择性分别为75.66%和97.88%; 当能量密度为800 kJ/mol时, 能效最高为13.5%.  相似文献   

9.
常压辉光放电等离子体转化CH4制C2烃的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
王达望  马腾才 《化学学报》2006,64(11):1121-1125
采用新型的旋转电极辉光放电反应器, 在常温常压下对辉光等离子体作用下的甲烷转化制C2烃进行了研究. 在氢气共存条件下, 考察了反应器电极的结构、材料, 输入电场峰值电压和反应物流率等参数对甲烷转化率和C2烃单程收率及其选择性的影响规律, 同时比较了不同反应器的能量效率. 结果表明: 在本实验条件下, 金属铜材料好于不锈钢, 螺旋形结构优于三排圆盘结构. CH4转化率和C2烃选择性和收率均随输入电场峰值电压的升高而增大, 随反应物流量的增加而减小. 从CH4转化率、C2烃的收率和选择性的指标来评价这些反应器, 采用旋转螺旋状铜电极反应器时最好, 当反应物流量为60 mL/min时, 甲烷最高转化率为77.31%, 对应的C2烃收率和选择性分别为75.66%和97.88%; 当能量密度为800 kJ/mol时, 能效最高为13.5%.  相似文献   

10.
通过优化设计矩形波导谐振腔微波化学反应器,可以大幅提高微波等离子体下甲烷转化率(最高为93.7%)、C2烃收率(最高为91.0%)和乙炔收率(最高为88.6%).且优化后,在实验的压强范围内,甲烷转化率和C2烃收率较为稳定,C2烃主要是乙炔,其选择性都在90%以上.生成乙炔的能量产率和时空产率也都比较高.利用发射光谱法对微波等离子体下甲烷偶联制乙炔的反应进行了诊断研究,在300nm~750nm波长范围内激发态物种有:CH,C2,H2,Hα-根据反应产物和激发态物种从化学反应热力学和动力学上对反应机理进行了初步探索.  相似文献   

11.
采用刀片式不锈钢电极放电反应器,以Ar气为稀释气,研究了等离子体作用下甲烷转化制C2烃的工艺条件。考察了CH4流量、高频电源输入电压和电极间距等参数对甲烷转化率、C2烃选择性、收率和反应表观能耗的影响。结果表明,增加CH4流量,表观能耗随之降低;当输入电压和电极间距较小时,甲烷转化率随输入电压和电极间距的增大而增大,但输入电压和电极间距过大时,C2烃收率明显下降,积碳严重。在CH4流量14 mL/min、Ar气流量60 mL/min、高频电源输入电压22 V、电流0.44 A、电极间距4 mm的优化条件下,甲烷最高转化率为43.1%,C2烃收率、选择性和表观能耗分别为40.1%、93.2%和2.41 MJ/mol。C2烃中不饱和烃的体积分数可达95%以上。  相似文献   

12.
In this work, starch has been used to enhance the oxygenate formation directly from methane and carbon dioxide using dielectric-barrier discharges (DBDs). The use of starch inhibits the formation of liquid hydrocarbons and significantly increases the selectivity of oxygenates. Oxygenates produced include primarily formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, and acetic acid. The total selectivity is about 10–40% with conversion of methane and carbon dioxide of about 20%. Lower methane feed concentration favors the production of oxygenates, and higher feed flow rate leads to higher selectivity of oxygenates in the presence of starch.  相似文献   

13.
In the current study,the hybrid effect of a corona discharge and γ-alumina supported Ni catalysts in CO2 reforming of methane is investigated.The study includes both purely catalytic operation in the temperature range of 923-1023K,and hybrid catalytic-plasma operation of DC corona discharge reactor at room temperature and ambient pressure.The effect of feed flow rate,discharge power and Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts are studied.When CH4/CO2 ratio in the feed is 1/2,the syngas of low H2/CO ratio at about 0.56 is obtained,which is a potential feedstock for synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons.Although Ni catalyst is only active above 573K,presence of Ni catalysts in the cold corona plasma reactor(T≤523K) shows promising increase in the conversions of methane and carbon dioxide.When Ni catalysts are used in the plasma reaction,H2/CO ratios in the products are slightly modified,selectivity to CO increases whereas fewer by-products such as hydrocarbons and oxygenates are formed.  相似文献   

14.
The plasma technology served as a tool in unconventional catalysis has been used in natural gas conversion, because the traditional catalytic methane oxidative coupling reaction must be performed at high temperature on account of the stability of methane molecule. The focus of this research is to develop a process of converting methane to C2 hydrocarbons with non-equilibrium plasma technology at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It was found that methane conversion increased and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons decreased with the voltage. The optimum input voltage range was 40-80 V corresponding to high yield of C2 hydrocarbons. Methane conversion decreased and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons increased with the inlet flow rate of methane. The proper methane flow rate was 20-40 ml/min (corresponding residence time 10-20 s). The experimental results show that methane conversion was 47% and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons was 40% under the proper condition using atmospheric DBD cold plasma technology. It was found that the breakdown voltage of methane VB was determined by the type of electrode and the discharge gap width in this glow discharge reactor. The breakdown voltage of methane VB,min derived from the Paschen law equation was established.  相似文献   

15.
The plasma technology served as a tool in unconventional catalysis has been used in natural gas conversion,because the traditional catalytic methane oxidative coupling reaction must be performed at high temperature on account of the stability of methane molecule.The focus of this research is to develop a process of converting methane to C2 hydrocarbons with non-equilibrium plasma technology at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.It was found that methane conversion increased and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons decreased with the voltage.The optimum input voltage range was 40-80 V corresponding to high yield of C2 hydrocarbons.Methane conversion decreased and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons increased with the inlet flow rate of methane.The proper methane flow rate was 20-40 ml/min (corresponding residence time 10-20 s).The experimental results show that methane conversion was 47% and the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons was 40% under the proper condition using atmospheric DBD cold plasma technology.It was found that the breakdown voltage of methane VB was determined by the type of electrode and the discharge gap width in this glow discharge reactor.The breakdown voltage of methane VB,min derived from the Paschen law equation was established.  相似文献   

16.
Experimental investigation has been conducted to convert methane into higher hydrocarbons in the presence of carbon dioxide within dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas. The objectives of cofeed of carbon dioxide are to inhibit carbon deposit and to increase methane conversion. The products from this plasma methane conversion include: (1) syngas (H2+CO), (2) gaseous hydrocarbons containing ethylene, acetylene, and propylene, (3) liquid hydrocarbons, (4) plasma-polymerized film, and (5) oxygenates. The selectivity of products is subject to the DBD plasma-reactive conditions and catalyst applied. The liquid hydrocarbons produced by this way are highly branched, which represents a better fuel production.  相似文献   

17.
The experiments are carried out in the system of continuous flow reactors with dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) for studies on the conversion of natural gas to C2 hydrocarbons through plasma catalysis under the atmosphere pressure and room temperature. The influence of discharge frequency, structure of electrode, discharge voltage, number of electrode, ratio of H2/CH4, flow rate and catalyst on conversion of methane and selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons are investigated. At the same time, the reaction process is investigated. Higher conversion of methane and selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons are achieved and deposited carbons are eliminated by proper choice of parameters. The appropriate operation parameters in dielectric-barrier discharge plasma field are that the supply voltage is 20-40 kV (8.4-40 W), the frequency of power supply is 20 kHz, the structure of (b) electrode is suitable, and the flow of methane is 20-60 ml · min-1. The conversion of methane can reach 45%, the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbons i  相似文献   

18.
用无声放电转化甲烷和二氧化碳同时制备合成气与烃   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
在低温常压条件下,研究了在无声放电反应器中以A型分子筛为催化剂从甲烷和二氧化碳合成烃和合成气,实现了在无声放电反应器中同时合成烃和合成气。实验在原料气流量200-600ml/min、原料气甲烷和二氧化碳摩尔比1/1-3/1及输入功率100-500W的范围内进行。研究结果表明,低原料气流量有利于甲烷和二氧化碳的转化,而高原料气流量有利于烃的生成;原料气甲烷和二氧化碳摩尔比对制得合成气的H2/CO摩尔比的影响最显著;甲烷和二氧化碳转化率及合成气和烃的产率均随输入功率的增加而提高。而所研究的范围内,当原料气流理为200ml/min、甲烷和二氧化碳摩尔比为1/1、输入功率为500S时,甲烷和二氧化碳转化率达到最高值,分别为64%和39%。以此法制备的合成气的H2/CO摩尔可以在很宽的范围内变化,本研究合成气H2/CO摩尔比的变化范围是0.7-3.1。  相似文献   

19.
Conversion of Methane to C2 Hydrocarbons via Cold Plasma Reaction   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Direct conversion of methane to C2 hydrocarbons via cold plasma reaction with catalysts has been studied at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Methane can be converted into C2 hydrocarbons in different selectivity depending on the form of the reactor, power of plasma, flow rate of methane, ratio of N2/CH4 and nature of the catalysts. The selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons can reach as high as 98.64%, and the conversion of methane as high as 60% and the yield of C2 hydrocarbons as high as 50% are obtained. Coking can be minimized under the conditions of: proper selection of the catalysts, appropriate high flow rate of inlet methane and suitable ratio of N2 to CH4. The catalyst surface provides active sites for radical recombination.  相似文献   

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