Chronology and origin of VMS deposits in Xinjiang,NW China

VMS deposits in Xinjiang, NW China are widespread in the Altay, Tianshan and West Kunlun orogenic belt, mainly formed during the Proterozoic rifting and Phanerozoic post-orogenic extension and are related to the bimodal volcanism. The VMS deposits are middle and small in scale. According to assemblages of metallogenetic elements, they can be divided into four types (Cu-Zn, Cu-S, Pb-Zn-Cu and Pb-Zn types) with the Cu-Zn and Pb-Zn types being the most important ones. Research of isotopic chronology shows that the VMS deposits in Xinjiang were formed during the Proterozoic, Ordovician, Deovonian, Carboniferous and Permian periods and usually underwent multi-stage mineralization, especially the large-sized deposits usually have post-volcanic superimposed mineralization by tectonomagmatic or metamorphic hydrothermal metal-logenic fluids.     

Chronology and origin of VMS deposits in Xinjiang,NW China

VMS deposits in Xinjiang, NW China are widespread in the Altay, Tianshan and West Kunlun orogenic belt, mainly formed during the Proterozoic rifting and Phanerozoic post-orogenic extension and are related to the bimodal volcanism. The VMS deposits are middle and small in scale. According to assemblages of metallogenetic elements, they can be divided into four types (Cu-Zn, Cu-S, Pb-Zn-Cu and Pb-Zn types) with the Cu-Zn and Pb-Zn types being the most important ones. Research of isotopic chronology shows that the VMS deposits in Xinjiang were formed during the Proterozoic, Ordovician, Deovonian, Carboniferous and Permian periods and usually underwent multi-stage mineralization, especially the large-sized deposits usually have post-volcanic superimposed mineralization by tectonomagmatic or metamorphic hydrothermal metal-logenic fluids.

     

Ore-controlled Mechanism and Geochemical Characteristics of Gold-bearing Formation in Northwest Jiangxi Terrain

Based on the geological and geochemical studies on the Middle Proterozoic Jiuling Group in the Northwest Jiangxi Terrain, it is ascertained that this group is a kind of Au-bearing formation with Au-Ag-As association, and the volcanism is the key to its foundation. The Jiuling Group can be divided into two geochemical groups: high-Au layers and low-Au layers, which is due to the inhomogeneous metamorphic reformation. The discriminant functions F_1& F_2 can be established by means of Au, Ag, As, Ti, Cr, V, etc. eleven elements, and the diagram of F_1-F_2 is the distinguishing sign of the Au-bearing formation. Based on the systematic studies on two types of gold mineralization, namely, solo gold with metamorphic fluid and Au, Ag, etc. polymetallic association with magmatic fluid, the authors establish the metallogenic model of gold deposits in the area.     

纳米铜修饰三维锌网电极的制备及锌离子电池负极的电化学性能

设计构建了纳米铜修饰的三维锌网电极(Nano Cu@3D Zn Mesh, 简称3D Cu-Zn电极), 并将其作为锌沉积的宿主材料用作锌离子电池的负极, 获得了稳定的、 具有长循环寿命的锌负极材料. 3D Cu-Zn电极的三维(3D)锌网骨架和表面均匀分布的3D树枝状纳米铜可以降低局部电流密度, 并为锌的沉积提供结构支撑和容纳空间. 锌网表面具有的较强锌结合能力的铜和后续原位形成的铜锌合金, 可以有效降低锌形核的过电势, 并作为均匀分布的形核位点引导锌的均匀成核和沉积. 这种3D Cu-Zn电极宿主材料表现出较低的形核过电势和界面阻抗, 并在对称电池中表现出优异的循环稳定性, 在0.5 mA/cm²的电流密度下可以稳定循环超过1100 h. 3D Cu-Zn电极与MnO₂组装的全电池表现出更小的极化、 良好的倍率性能和循环性能.     

Chronology and origin of Au-Cu deposits related to Paleozoic intracontinental rifting in West Tianshan Mountains, NW China

Located between the Tarim platform and Junggar massif, the West Tianshan intraconti-nental rift abuts against the China-Kazakhstan boundary in the west part, borders on the Yilianha-bierga late Paleozoic relic ocean basin and the South Tianshan late Paleozoic ocean basin re-spectively in the northeast separated by the Aibi Lake fault and in the southeast by the fault alongthe southern margin of the Yili massif. During the development and after the close of the WestTianshan intracontinental rifting in the Carboniferous-Permian period, a series of nonferrous andprecious metal mineralizations occurred with the Au-Cu deposits being the most important. Isotopicchronologic study of representative deposits of different types shows that gold-copper mineraliza-tion in the West Tianshan intracontinental rift zone mainly happened during the middle-late Her-cynian Period, among which the Axi volcanic hydrothermal type gold deposit was formed duringthe Carboniferous with a fluid inclusion Rb-Sr isochron age of (339 ± 28) Ma; the Qiabukanzhuotaquartzolite type gold deposit has a Rb-Sr isochron age of (312 ± 46) Ma; the Tawuerbieke por-phyry type gold deposit has a Rb-Sr isochron age of (295 ± 16) Ma; the Jingbulak magmatic liqua-tion Cu-Ni deposit and the Musizaote porphyry type Cu deposit have the forming ages of 300 Ma ±and 250 Ma±, respectively. Analyses of crustal evolution and metallogenetic geological back-grounds of Au-Cu mineralizations in the studied area shows a close correlation with the rifting.     

Chronology and origin of Au-Cu deposits related to paleozoic intracontinental rifting in West Tianshan Mountains,NW China

Located between the Tarim platform and Junggar massif, the West Tianshan intracontinental rift abuts against the China-Kazakhstan boundary in the west part, borders on the Yilianha-bierga late Paleozoic relic ocean basin and the South Tianshan late Paleozoic ocean basin respectively in the northeast separated by the Aibi Lake fault and in the southeast by the fault along the southern margin of the Yili massif. During the development and after the close of the West Tianshan intracontinental rifting in the Carboniferous-Permian period, a series of nonferrous and precious metal mineralizations occurred with the Au-Cu deposits being the most important. Isotopic chronologic study of representative deposits of different types shows that gold-copper mineralization in the West Tianshan intracontinental rift zone mainly happened during the middle-late Her-cynian Period, among which the Axi volcanic hydrothermal type gold deposit was formed during the Carboniferous with a fluid inclusion Rb-Sr isochron age of (339 ± 28) Ma; the Qiabukanzhuota quartzolite type gold deposit has a Rb-Sr isochron age of (312 ± 46) Ma; the Tawuerbieke porphyry type gold deposit has a Rb-Sr isochron age of (295 ± 16) Ma; the Jingbulak magmatic liquation Cu-Ni deposit and the Musizaote porphyry type Cu deposit have the forming ages of 300 Ma± and 250 Ma±, respectively. Analyses of crustal evolution and metallogenetic geological backgrounds of Au-Cu mineralizations in the studied area shows a close correlation with the rifting.     

Chronology and origin of Au-Cu deposits related to paleozoic intracontinental rifting in West Tianshan Mountains,NW China

Located between the Tarim platform and Junggar massif, the West Tianshan intracontinental rift abuts against the China-Kazakhstan boundary in the west part, borders on the Yilianha-bierga late Paleozoic relic ocean basin and the South Tianshan late Paleozoic ocean basin respectively in the northeast separated by the Aibi Lake fault and in the southeast by the fault along the southern margin of the Yili massif. During the development and after the close of the West Tianshan intracontinental rifting in the Carboniferous-Permian period, a series of nonferrous and precious metal mineralizations occurred with the Au-Cu deposits being the most important. Isotopic chronologic study of representative deposits of different types shows that gold-copper mineralization in the West Tianshan intracontinental rift zone mainly happened during the middle-late Her-cynian Period, among which the Axi volcanic hydrothermal type gold deposit was formed during the Carboniferous with a fluid inclusion Rb-Sr isochron age of (339 ± 28) Ma; the Qiabukanzhuota quartzolite type gold deposit has a Rb-Sr isochron age of (312 ± 46) Ma; the Tawuerbieke porphyry type gold deposit has a Rb-Sr isochron age of (295 ± 16) Ma; the Jingbulak magmatic liquation Cu-Ni deposit and the Musizaote porphyry type Cu deposit have the forming ages of 300 Ma± and 250 Ma±, respectively. Analyses of crustal evolution and metallogenetic geological backgrounds of Au-Cu mineralizations in the studied area shows a close correlation with the rifting.

     

Sedimentary characteristics of Mg-rich carbonate formations and minerogenic fluids of magnesite and talc occurrences in early Proterozoic in eastern Liaoning Province, China

There are large to superlarge magnesite and talc deposits occurring in Mg-rich carbon-ate formations distributed in the early Proterozoic Dashiqiao Formation in eastern Liaoning Prov-ince, China. The discovery of the sedimentary gypsum, isotopic geochemistry of δ~(18)O_(SMOW),δ~(13)C_(PDB), δ~(34)S_(VCDT) and Sr/Ba ratio of carbonate, talc, quartz and gypsums with field investigationand sample analysis in laboratory demonstrate that the formation of magnesite and talc deposits isclosely related to marine evaporates, which then underwent reworking of regional metamorphismand hydrothermal metasomatism. Metasomatic fluids originating from the paleoseawater played acontrolling role in the formation of talc deposits.     

Some chemical aspects of hydrothermal mineralization

A modern state of the following problems of magmatogene hydrothermal mineralization are considered in this paper: Dependence of ore types from a redox state of ore producing magmas; D.S. Korzhinskii’s principle of acid-base interaction as a possible variety of Le Chatelier’s principle; the structural features of zonal near-ore alkaline and acidic metasomatites and related revised formula of the mineralogical phase rule; dependence of acidity-alkalinity of fluids from NaCl and KCl hydrolysis at different P-T environments, as well as from subcritical fluid’s heterogenization; the features and reason of general evolution of mineralization within a single metallogenic cycle; mineralization from heterophase fluids at the postorogenic deposits of W, Sn, Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg related to acidic metasomatites; evidence and reason of intermittent (multi-stage) mineralization on the background of general evolution of composition and properties of fluids; as well as (8) some guidelines for local ore prediction based on above analysis.     

Ni对Cu/ZnO基甲醇裂解催化剂的促进机制

通过XRD,BET,In-situ XPS等表征技术对Cu/ZnO基甲醇裂解制氢催化剂进行 了详细的研究。XRD结果表明,Cu-Zn合金的生成是Cu/ZnO基催化剂在反应初期快速 失活的主要原因;XRD,BET和N_2O滴定实验结果表明,Ni助剂可能是通过提高 Cu~0活性物种的分散度并维持Cu~0活性物种在催化反应过程中的稳定性而使 Cu/Zn/Ni催化剂的活性及稳定性大幅度提高。In-situ XPS结果表明,Ni助剂的加 入可以诱导Cu/Zn/Ni催化剂表面在甲醇裂解反应过程中出现Cu~+,从而由 Cu~0/Cu~+共同构成催化剂的活性中心,并最终导致Cu/Zn/Ni催化剂的高活性。     

Implementation of a graphical user interface for the virtual multifrequency spectrometer: The VMS‐Draw tool

This article presents the setup and implementation of a graphical user interface (VMS‐Draw) for a virtual multifrequency spectrometer. Special attention is paid to ease of use, generality and robustness for a panel of spectroscopic techniques and quantum mechanical approaches. Depending on the kind of data to be analyzed, VMS‐Draw produces different types of graphical representations, including two‐dimensional or three‐dimesional (3D) plots, bar charts, or heat maps. Among other integrated features, one may quote the convolution of stick spectra to obtain realistic line‐shapes. It is also possible to analyze and visualize, together with the structure, the molecular orbitals and/or the vibrational motions of molecular systems thanks to 3D interactive tools. On these grounds, VMS‐Draw could represent a useful additional tool for spectroscopic studies integrating measurements and computer simulations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Sedimentary characteristics of Mg-rich carbonate formations and minerogenic fluids of magnesite and talc occurrences in early proterozoic in eastern liaoning province,China

There are large to superlarge magnesite and talc deposits occurring in Mg-rich carbonate formations distributed in the early Proterozoic Dashiqiao Formation in eastern Liaoning Province, China. The discovery of the sedimentary gypsum, isotopic geochemistry of δ¹⁸O_smow, δ¹³C_PDB, δ³⁴S_VCDT and Sr/Ba ratio of carbonate, talc, quartz and gypsums with field investigation and sample analysis in laboratory demonstrate that the formation of magnesite and talc deposits is closely related to marine evaporates, which then underwent reworking of regional metamorphism and hydrothermal metasomatism. Metasomatic fluids originating from the paleoseawater played a controlling role in the formation of talc deposits.

     

Sedimentary characteristics of Mg-rich carbonate formations and minerogenic fluids of magnesite and talc occurrences in early proterozoic in eastern liaoning province,China

There are large to superlarge magnesite and talc deposits occurring in Mg-rich carbonate formations distributed in the early Proterozoic Dashiqiao Formation in eastern Liaoning Province, China. The discovery of the sedimentary gypsum, isotopic geochemistry of δ¹⁸O_smow, δ¹³C_PDB, δ³⁴S_VCDT and Sr/Ba ratio of carbonate, talc, quartz and gypsums with field investigation and sample analysis in laboratory demonstrate that the formation of magnesite and talc deposits is closely related to marine evaporates, which then underwent reworking of regional metamorphism and hydrothermal metasomatism. Metasomatic fluids originating from the paleoseawater played a controlling role in the formation of talc deposits.

     

偶氮染料刚果红在水中的光催化降解过程

 通过研究在间歇悬浮体系中直接偶氮染料刚果红在水中的光催化降解过程,确定了最佳降解条件. 同时测定了染料溶液的脱色率、COD去除率和矿化率以考察降解过程中脱色与矿化的关系. 另外,对降解过程中溶液pH值的变化及反应的可能中间体进行分析,结果表明: 刚果红染料分子的光催化降解过程分为脱色和矿化两个阶段. 矿化主要发生在脱色结束以后, 并且伴随着脱色溶液的酸化现象. 脱色过程进行较快,完全脱色后形成的中间产物需要较长时间才能被逐步矿化.     

The formation of hetero-epitaxial deposits of lead,barium and (barium/lead) sulfates on quartz surfaces

As a continuation of an investigation concerning the fate of²²⁶Ra during uranium ore milling and long-term tailings storage we have grown hetero-epitaxial deposits of barium sulfate, lead sulfate and mixed barium/lead sulfate on sawn quartz surfaces of differing crystallographic orientations. The deposits formed readily on the substrate from supersaturated aqueous solutions of the parent ions and appear to be strongly adherent. Calcium sulfate formed deposits on quartz at very much greater levels of supersaturation than lead or barium sulfate.     

The formation of hetero-epitaxial deposits of lead,barium and (barium/lead) sulfates on mica surfaces

As part of an investigation concerning the fate of²²⁶Ra during uranium ore milling and long-term tailings storage we have grown hetero-epitaxial deposits of barium sulfate, lead sulfate and mixed barium/lead sulfate on mica surfaces. The deposits formed readily on the substrate from supersaturated aqueous solutions of the parent ions and may be strongly adherent. Calcium sulfate formed deposits on mica at very much greater levels of supersaturation than lead or barium sulfate.     

Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷无氧芳构化反应中积炭的研究

 对经过程序升温表面甲烷无氧芳构化反应后的Mo／HZSM－5催化剂上的积炭进行程序升温加氢反应和程序升温二氧化碳反应,并对相应的催化剂上的积炭进行程序升温氧化反应和热重实验,以研究催化剂上的不同积炭物种．结果表明,甲烷无氧芳构化反应后有两类烧炭峰,一类是低温烧炭峰,另一类是高温烧炭峰;H2主要对高温烧炭峰发生作用,对低温烧炭峰几乎没有影响;CO2可同时对两种烧炭峰产生影响．由此推论,甲烷在无氧条件下直接转化生成芳烃的反应过程中,沉积在Mo／HZSM－5催化剂上的积炭有三种形式,即：能够与H2反应的积炭,能够与CO2反应的积炭和可能以Mo2C形式存在的物种．     

Electrochemically induced mineralization of organics by molecular oxygen on boron-doped diamond electrode

The complete mineralization of organic pollutants present in wastewater is usually achieved via thermally activated oxygen/air. This process occurs at high temperatures and pressures (300 °C, 200 atm) and often gives small amount of acetic acid as a final product. In this work, we demonstrate using acetic acid as a model compound that organic molecules can be activated electrochemically such that they react at room temperature with oxygen, resulting in mineralization of even acetic acid present in 1 M HClO₄ supporting electrolyte. This electrochemically induced activation occurs during anodic polarization of boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDD) in air/oxygen-saturated solutions. The direct evidence for this process was found during electro-oxidation of acetic acid saturated with isotopically labelled ¹⁸O₂ resulting in evolution of C¹⁸O₂ and C¹⁶O¹⁸O. We suggest that the mechanism of activation on BDD is initiated by hydroxyl radicals formed on the electrode surface.     

Innovative technique for the direct determination of proteins in calcified aortic valves

Aortal valve mineralization very frequently causes a genesis of aortic stenosis, which is the most often surgically treated heart disease. Hydroxyapatite deposits have been identified as one of the causes leading to the loss of elasticity of the aortic valves. It is known that phosphates/calcium is accumulated in valve tissues during mineralization, but the mechanism of this process remains unclear. The work is focused mainly on the study of protein composition of mineralized aortic valves by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization in a quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry. New methodological approach based on direct enzymatic digestion of proteins contained in hydroxyapatite deposits was developed for the study of pathological processes connected with osteogenesis. Our objectives were to simplify the traditional analytical protocols of sample preparation and to analyze the organic components of the explanted aortic valves for significant degenerative aortic stenosis. The study of aortic valve mineralization on the molecular level should contribute to understanding this process, which should consequently lead to effective prevention as well as to new ways of treatment of this grave disease.

吉林夹皮沟金矿带的稀土元素地球化学研究

为了解吉林夹皮沟金矿带的成矿期次,利用稀土元素的示踪性,对夹皮沟金矿带含矿石英脉、花岗岩及变质地层斜长角闪岩等21个样品进行稀土元素含量测定。测定结果表明,石英脉ΣREE=19.12×10-6～147.57×10-6,δEu=0.61～1.22,平均值0.89,具弱的负Eu异常;太古代花岗岩ΣREE=121.40×10-6～157.32×10-6,δEu=0.87～1.09;中生代花岗岩ΣREE=69.78×10-6～90.95×10-6,δEu=0.94～1.02,LREE/HREE比值分别为11.51～14.12和14.16～16.73,后者轻重稀土分馏程度略高于前者;变质围岩ΣREE=22.40×10-6～275.86×10-6,δEu=0.75～5.79,平均值2.30,具明显的正Eu异常。三者都具有轻稀土富集的平滑稀土配分模型。结合其区域地质背景、流体包裹体和稀土元素特征,得出夹皮沟金矿存在两期成矿作用,分别对应于太古代成矿花岗岩岩浆作用及中生代燕山期花岗岩岩浆作用。太古代首次富集成矿,中生代燕山期叠加成矿并扩大成矿规模,成矿时代分别为2475～2469 Ma和170～160 Ma;结合稀土特征研究及包裹体研究,成矿流体以岩浆热液流体为主,遭受轻微地层变质热液混染,中生代成矿流体混染作用更强烈。