高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测牛奶中的甲状腺素

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测牛奶中甲状腺素3,3′,5,5′-四碘-L-甲腺原氨酸(T4), 3,3′,5-三碘-L-甲腺原氨酸(T3)和3,3′,5′-三碘-L-甲腺原氨酸(rT3)的方法。样品用乙腈提取,离心,上清液经氨水碱化和Cleanert PAX固相萃取小柱净化,在Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (150 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm)色谱柱上以0.1%(v/v)乙酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相等度洗脱分离,以电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式质谱检测,内标法定量。结果表明,甲状腺素的检出限(LOD)不大于0.03 ng/g,定量限(LOQ)不大于0.1 ng/g;在考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r2＞ 0.998);回收率为80.61%～101.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.48%～9.70%。室温下样品溶液中的甲状腺素保持稳定。对5个牛奶样品的测定结果显示,T3含量为0.59～1.30 ng/g, RSD为2.06%～7.70%; T4和rT3未检出。该方法具有样品处理简单,灵敏度高,重现性好,定性和定量结果可靠等特点,为牛奶中甲状腺素的测定和相关质量安全评价提供了可靠手段。     

基于氧化还原反应界面可视化定量检测辣根过氧化物酶

该文建立了一种可视化的、基于氧化还原反应界面移动距离定量检测辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）的方法。比较了隐色结晶紫显色体系和3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺显色体系对HRP的显色效率,并构建了基于3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺显色体系的氧化还原反应电泳滴定模型。同时,文中还设计了适用于该模型的小型化、便携式滴定检测芯片,并对滴定通道凝胶中组分进行了优化。结果表明,界面移动距离与HRP浓度存在对数线性关系,检测灵敏度可达0.002 mg/L,且可在10 min内完成HRP的裸眼检测。该方法不需要配备信号读取装置,用户只需要读取有色界面移动的距离即可实现对待测物的可视化定量检测,对于即时检测具有潜在的应用价值。     

液相色谱/质谱法分离鉴定碘化酪蛋白水解产物中的碘化氨基酸

用Waters Symmetrys Shield^TM RP18柱，乙腈(B，含0．1％甲酸)和水(A，含0．1％甲酸)为流动相，0．8mL／min，线性洗脱(B从10％到50％)40min，液质联用(LC／MS)，电喷雾电离源(ESI^ ，SIR方式)，对碘化酪蛋白水解物中的一碘酪氨酸(MTT)、二碘酪氨酸(DIT)、二碘甲腺原氨酸(T2)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(L3,rT3)和四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)进行了分离确证。同时测定了T3、rT3和T4的含量。     

反相离子对高效液相色谱分析~(125)Ⅰ-甲状腺激素

甲状腺激素3,5,3′,5′-四碘甲腺原氨酸(T_4),3,5,3′-三碘甲腺原氨酸(T_3)及3,3′,5′-三碘甲腺原氨酸(γT_3)为甲状腺碘代氨基酸。它们的~(125)I标记化合物分别为T_3、T_4、γT_3的碘-125标记药盒的主要组成。这些药盒分别用于测定血清中T_3,T_4,γT_3的浓度,以判断甲状腺对组织的成熟、生长、代谢活动和功能,诊断甲状腺疾病。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中10种水杨酰胺类化合物

建立了动物源性食品中10种水杨酰胺类化合物(5-氯水杨酰苯胺、4'-溴水杨酰苯胺、3',4'-二氯水杨酰苯胺、4',5-二氯水杨酰苯胺、3',4',5-三氯水杨酰苯胺、5-溴-4'-氯水杨酰苯胺、3,5-二溴水杨酰苯胺、4',5-二溴水杨酰苯胺、3,4',5-三溴水杨酰苯胺、3,3',4',5-四氯水杨酰苯胺)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经乙腈萃取,氨基固相萃取小柱(SPE)净化,T3色谱柱分离后,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液梯度洗脱,串联质谱电喷雾负模式扫描,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,10种目标物在一定范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)不小于0.995 7,检出限为0.5~1.0μg/kg,定量下限为1.5~3.0μg/kg;加标水平为1.5~30.0μg/kg时,回收率为81.0%~106%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)不大于7.5%。该方法净化效果好、定量准确、灵敏快速,适用于动物源性食品中10种水杨酰胺类化合物的检测与确证。     

化学发光酶免疫法测定游离三碘甲腺原氨酸

以辣根过氧化物酶为三碘甲腺原氨酸类似物的标记物,鲁米诺为化学发光反应底物,建立了一种高灵敏度化学发光免疫检测游离三碘甲腺原氨酸的方法。该法线性范围为0.90~80 ng/L,批内变异小于12.1%,批间相对标准偏差均小于15%,其余各项指标均良好。利用本法对血清样品进行了测定,关于甲状腺机能亢进组病人的临床诊断符合率达到83.3%。与其它化学发光免疫分析方法比较所得相关系数为0.9005。在方法条件选择上,以尽可能保持游离激素和蛋白结合激素之间的平衡为原则,提高游离三碘甲腺原氨酸浓度测定的准确性。     

柱前手性荧光衍生反相高效液相色谱法分离甲状腺素对映体

以R(-)-4-N,N-二甲基磺酰胺-7-(3-异氰酸吡咯烷)-2,1,3-苯并氧杂咪唑（R(-)-DBD-PyNCS）为手性荧光衍生化试剂,成功地拆分了甲状腺素对映体D,L-四碘甲状腺原氨酸（T4）和L-三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)。在反应温度为40 ℃、反应时间为20 min时,R(-)-DBD-PyNCS在碱性介质中可与甲状腺素对映体生成稳定的非对映体衍生物。该衍生物在以乙腈-水-醋酸(体积比为60∶40∶1)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,色谱柱为Intersil-ODS-3 C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)的色谱条件下得到了充分的分离。采用荧光检测器在激发波长460 nm、发射波长550 nm下检测。D,L-T4和L-T3分别在0.016～0.30 μg/μL和0.0067～0.22 μg/μL范围内,峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r＞0.999)。D,L-T4和L-T3的最低检出限分别为0.02 μg/mL和0.85 μg/mL(S/N=3)。在D-T4、L-T4、L-T3质量浓度分别为0.10 μg/μL下测得峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为3.40%,1.63%,3.30%(n=7)。该方法成功地应用于甲状腺片中T4和T3的含量测定。     

基于便携拉曼光谱仪和双层纸芯片的头发皮质醇超高灵敏检测

人头发中的皮质醇是反映现代人长期精神压力累积的主要临床标记物.建立了一种人发皮质醇的超高灵敏检测方法.方法基于表面增强拉曼光谱、免疫分析和双层纸芯片.纸芯片的第一层用于滤除人发提取液中的头发残渣（样品前处理）,第二层用于实施竞争性免疫反应和拉曼检测.固定在纸表面的皮质醇抗原和游离的头发皮质醇竞争结合能产生拉曼信号的皮质醇单克隆抗体,通过检测结合在纸表面的皮质醇抗原-抗体复合物的拉曼信号进行游离头发皮质醇的定量.在便携式拉曼光谱仪上,皮质醇抗体的拉曼信号经过优化,方法的检测限可以达到1 pg/mL,平行测定相对标准偏差为8.38%（n=6）.进行了两例实际样品检测,液质检测结果分别为0.771和0.153 ng/mL,本方法检测结果分别为0.63和0.247 ng/mL,两种方案的结果在一个数量级,证明了方法的实用性.利用此方法,一块芯片可以同时测定48个样品,专属性和准确性很好,特别适合于人群精神压力的普查.     

甲状腺碘化酪氨酸、碘化甲腺原氨酸薄层分析的初步探讨

甲状腺碘化酪氨酸(MIT,DIT),碘化甲腺原氨酸(T_3,T_4)的分离测定技术是研究甲状腺碘化氨基酸分布状况来探讨甲状腺碘代谢的一个重要实验手段。国外学者应用测定甲状腺碘化酪氨酸、碘化甲腺原氨酸分布的方法对动物以及人的甲状腺疾病的碘代谢特点或病因学进行了较为广泛的研究,我国在这方面的工作刚开始。我们在     

基于石墨烯海绵的固相萃取-液相色谱法测定化妆品中6种紫外吸收剂

以石墨烯海绵（GS）为固相萃取材料,建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱（SPE-HPLC）同时测定化妆品中6种紫外吸收剂的分析方法。样品经甲醇超声提取,用自制的石墨烯海绵固相萃取小柱净化富集,丙酮洗脱。采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）进行分离,甲醇-水（95∶5,v/v）为流动相,紫外检测波长为340 nm。结果表明,6种紫外吸收剂均在各自的范围内线性关系良好,2-（2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基）苯并三氮唑的相关系数（r） > 0.997,其他5种r > 0.999。方法的检出限（LOD,S/N=3）和定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）分别为0.08~1.82 μg/L和0.26~6.07 μg/L。在20、50和100 μg/L 3个加标水平下,6种目标物的加标回收率为61.1%~119.0%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于1%（n=6）。该法简便、快速,灵敏度高,重复性好,适用于不同类型化妆品中紫外吸收剂的检测。     

Differentiation of diiodothyronines using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Diiodothyronines 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2), and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) are important metabolites of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3; reverse T3). In this paper, a novel and rapid method for identifying and quantifying 3,5-T2, 3',5'-T2 and 3,3'-T2 has been introduced using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Fragmentation patterns were proposed on the basis of our data obtained by ESI-MS/MS. MS2 spectra in either negative ionization mode or positive ionization mode can be used to differentiate 3,5-T2, 3',5'-T2 and 3,3'-T2. On the basis of the relative abundance of fragment ions in MS2 spectra under the positive ionization mode, quantification of the 3,5-T2, 3',5'-T2 and 3,3'-T2 isomers in mixtures is also achieved without prior separation.     

头发中内源性类固醇激素的气相色谱-串联质谱分析

建立了建康人头发中内源性类固醇兴奋剂睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、苯胆烷醇酮和脱氢表雄酮的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。头发经碱水解后,以乙醚提取,经衍生化后采用GC-MS/MS的多反应监测模式(MRM)分析。方法的线性关系良好,检出限达0.1～0.2 pg/mg;提取回收率为74.6%～104.5%;日内测定的准确度为90.1%～113.7%,日内及日间测定的精密度均小于17.5%。应用所建立的方法测定了80例中国健康人头发中睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、苯胆烷醇酮和脱氢表雄酮的生理水平,为内源性类固醇兴奋剂滥用的判断提供了方法和基础数据。     

Simultaneous quantification of T4, T3, rT3, 3,5‐T2 and 3,3′‐T2 in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to study exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls

Environmental toxicants that interfere with thyroid hormone (TH) signaling can impact growth and development in animals and humans. Zebrafish represent a model to study chemically induced TH disruption, prompting the need for sensitive detection of THs. Simultaneous quantification of 3,3′,5‐triiodo‐l ‐thyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), 3,3′,5′‐triiodo‐l ‐thyronine (rT3), 3,5‐diiodo‐l ‐thyronine (3,5‐T2) and 3,3′‐diiodo‐l ‐thyronine (3,3′‐T2) in zebrafish larvae was achieved by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. Solid‐phase extraction with SampliQ cartridges and derivatization with 3 m hydrochloric acid in n‐butanol reduced matrix effects. Derivatized compounds were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈ column with mobile phases consisting of 0.1% acetic acid in deionized water and 0.1% acetic acid in methanol. The limits of detection ranged from 0.5 to 0.6 pg injected on column. The method was validated by evaluating recovery (77.1–117.2%), accuracy (87.3–123.9%) and precision (0.5–12.4%) using diluted homogenized zebrafish embryos spiked with all target compounds. This method was then applied to zebrafish larvae collected after 114 h of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including PCB 28, PCB 66 and PCB 95, or the technical mixture Aroclor 1254. Exposure to PCB 28 and PCB 95 increased the T4:T3 ratio and decreased the T3:rT3 ratio, demonstrating that this method can effectively detect PCB‐induced alterations in THs.     

Determination of ethyl-glucuronide in hair for heavy drinking detection using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry following solid-phase extraction

The detection of ethyl-β-d-6-glucuronide (EtG), a stable phase II metabolite of ethanol, is of interest in both clinical and forensic contexts with the aim of monitoring alcohol abuse. We present a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection and quantification of EtG in hair. Thirty milligrams of washed and cut hair were cleaned up using solid-phase extraction graphite cartridges. Separation was then performed using an Uptisphere-3SI column, and the detection was operated in the negative mode. After validation, the method was applied to hair samples taken from four fatalities (F) with documented excessive drinking habits, 12 heavy drinkers (HD) and seven social drinkers (SD). The method exhibits limits of detection and quantification of 4 and 10 pg/mg, respectively. Intra- and inter-assay standard deviation and relative bias were less than 20% over the calibrating range (10 to 3,000 pg/mg). EtG hair concentrations in SD were <10 pg/mg and >50 pg/mg for F and HD (range, 54 to 497 pg/mg). The present assay appears convenient to carry out owing to the very small quantity of hair samples required to determine an effective heavy alcohol consumption (EtG hair concentration >50 pg/mg).     

Differentiation of monoiodothyronines using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

In this work two monoiodothyronines, 3-T1 and 3'-T1, have been analyzed using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Fragmentation patterns were proposed based on our data obtained by ESI-MS/MS. MS2 spectra in either negative or positive ion mode can be used to differentiate 3-T1 and 3'-T1. Based on the relative abundance of fragment ions in MS2 spectra in the negative ion mode, quantification of the 3-T1 and 3'-T1 isomers in mixtures is achieved without prior separation. Solid-phase extraction in combination with ESI-MS/MS provides a practicable procedure that can be used to determine the molar ratio of 3-T1 and 3'-T1 in human serum with an error less than 3%. The detection limits for 3-T1 and 3'-T1 were 0.5 and 0.7 pg/microL, respectively.     

Regioselective deiodination of thyroxine by iodothyronine deiodinase mimics: an unusual mechanistic pathway involving cooperative chalcogen and halogen bonding

Iodothyronine deiodinases (IDs) are mammalian selenoenzymes that catalyze the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) by the outer- and inner-ring deiodination pathways, respectively. These enzymes also catalyze further deiodination of T3 and rT3 to produce a variety of di- and monoiodo derivatives. In this paper, the deiodinase activity of a series of peri-substituted naphthalenes having different amino groups is described. These compounds remove iodine selectively from the inner-ring of T4 and T3 to produce rT3 and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2), respectively. The naphthyl-based compounds having two selenols in the peri-positions exhibit much higher deiodinase activity than those having two thiols or a thiol-selenol pair. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the formation of a halogen bond between the iodine and chalcogen (S or Se) and the peri-interaction between two chalcogen atoms (chalcogen bond) are important for the deiodination reactions. Although the formation of a halogen bond leads to elongation of the C-I bond, the chalcogen bond facilitates the transfer of more electron density to the C-I σ* orbitals, leading to a complete cleavage of the C-I bond. The higher activity of amino-substituted selenium compounds can be ascribed to the deprotonation of thiol/selenol moiety by the amino group, which not only increases the strength of halogen bond but also facilitates the chalcogen-chalcogen interactions.     

Development and validation of an LC‐MS/MS method for quantification of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA‐A), THC,CBN and CBD in hair

For analysis of hair samples derived from a pilot study (‘in vivo’ contamination of hair by sidestream marijuana smoke), an LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA‐A), Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD). Hair samples were extracted in methanol for 4 h under occasional shaking at room temperature, after adding THC‐D₃, CBN‐D₃, CBD‐D₃ and THCA‐A‐D₃ as an in‐house synthesized internal standard. The analytes were separated by gradient elution on a Luna C18 column using 0.1% HCOOH and ACN + 0.1% HCOOH. Data acquisition was performed on a QTrap 4000 in electrospray ionization‐multi reaction monitoring mode. Validation was carried out according to the guidelines of the German Society of Toxicological and Forensic Chemistry (GTFCh). Limit of detection and lower limit of quantification were 2.5 pg/mg for THCA‐A and 20 pg/mg for THC, CBN and CBD. A linear calibration model was applicable for all analytes over a range of 2.5 pg/mg or 20 pg/mg to 1000 pg/mg, using a weighting factor 1/x. Selectivity was shown for 12 blank hair samples from different sources. Accuracy and precision data were within the required limits for all analytes (bias between ?0.2% and 6.4%, RSD between 3.7% and 11.5%). The dried hair extracts were stable over a time period of one to five days in the dark at room temperature. Processed sample stability (maximum decrease of analyte peak area below 25%) was considerably enhanced by adding 0.25% lecithin (w/v) in ACN + 0.1% HCOOH for reconstitution. Extraction efficiency for CBD was generally very low using methanol extraction. Hence, for effective extraction of CBD alkaline hydrolysis is recommended. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Detection and quantification of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine and 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A novel and rapid method for identifying and quantifying 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3; reverse T3) has been introduced using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). MS(2) spectra in either negative ionization mode or positive ionization mode can be used to differentiate T3 and rT3. Quantification of the T3 and rT3 isomers under the negative ionization mode is also achieved without prior separation by HPLC.     

Determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair samples by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

A method for the determination of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair samples, using liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS), was developed and validated. The treatment of hair samples was as follows: to 100 mg of washed (dichloromethane followed by methanol, 1 ml each) and cut (1-2 mm) material, 700 microl of water, 20 microl of internal standard solution (pentadeuterated EtG, D(5)-EtG, 500 microg/l) and 20 microl of methanol were added. Samples were incubated at 25 degrees C overnight and then ultrasonicated for 2 h. Finally, 8 microl of the centrifuged solution (13,000 rpm) were analyzed by LC/ESI-MS/MS in negative ion mode. The surviving ions of EtG and D(5)-EtG were monitored together with the following MRM transitions: m/z 221 --> 75, m/z 221 --> 85 (EtG) and m/z 226 --> 75, m/z 226 --> 85 (D(5)-EtG). The method exhibited a mean correlation coefficient better than 0.9998 over the dynamic range (3-2000 pg/mg). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD) were 3 and 2 pg/mg respectively. The intra- and interday precision and accuracy were studied at four different concentration levels (3, 5, 56 and 160 pg/mg) and were always better than 7% (n = 5). Matrix effects did not exceed 20%. The method was applied to several hair samples taken from autopsies of known alcoholics, from patients in withdrawal treatment, from social drinkers, from adult teetotalers and from children not exposed to ethanol, with EtG concentrations globally ranging from < or =2 to 4180 pg/mg.