二(2-乙基己基)磷酸与酒石酸衍生物复合萃取拆分扁桃酸外消旋体

本文研究了扁桃酸对映体在含二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)与酒石酸衍生物复合手性选择剂的正辛醇-水两相体系中的萃取分配行为,考察了酒石酸衍生物的种类和初始浓度、D2EHPA的初始浓度、扁桃酸的初始浓度、萃取温度对分配系数和分离因子的影响.结果显示,复合手性选择剂能提高分配系数和分离因子,D2EHPA与D-酒石酸衍生物的复合手性选择剂与L-扁桃酸对映体比与D-扁桃酸对映体形成更稳定的非对映体复合物;且D2EHPA与二对甲基苯甲酰酒石酸(DTTA)的复合手性选择剂的手性选择性大于D2EHPA与二苯甲酰酒石酸(DBTA)的复合手性选择剂;同时,扁桃酸的初始浓度、萃取温度对分配系数和分离因子的影响较大.     

二-(2-乙基已基)磷酸与稀土络合物的福里埃变换红外光谱

二-(2-乙基已基)磷酸(D2EHPA)是一种重要的萃取剂,已广泛地应用于稀土元素、核燃料等湿法冶金及分析技术中。我们采用Nicolet 7199B型福里埃变换红外光谱仪,对钇和14个镧系元素与D2EHPA生成的络合物进行深入研究,观察其特征峰的变化,并运用电子计算机的减法功能,获得减法光谱,得到了一些新的结果。这些研究结果有助于进一步了解稀土与D2EHPA络合物的结构与性质。     

1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-吡唑酮-5与中性磷(膦)萃取剂协同萃取镧(Ⅲ)

研究了1-苯基-3-甲基- 4-苯甲酰基-吡唑酮-5(HPMBP)和中性有机磷(膦)类萃取剂Cyanex 471X(TIBPS,B)在硝酸介质中对稀土元素La（Ⅲ）的萃取,用斜率法和恒摩尔法探讨了萃取机理,确定了萃合物的组成为La(NO3)2·PMBP·B,计算了萃取平衡常数.比较了HPMBP与Cyanex 471X、Cyanex 921、Cyanex 923、Cyanex 925、DEH/EHP、P350及TBP的单独及混合体系萃取La（Ⅲ）的性能,结果表明所有混合体系对La（Ⅲ）均有协同效应,其中HPMBP与Cyanex 923、Cyanex 921、Cyanex 925的混合体系是萃取La（Ⅲ）的有效体系.     

混合萃取剂中P204和P350的同时测定

工业萃取剂 P2 0 4 和 P350 的主要成分分别为二 -( 2 -乙基己基 )磷酸 ( D2 EHPA)和甲基膦酸二 - ( 1 -甲基庚酯 ) ( DHMP) ,两者的结构式如下 :( CH2 ) 3CH3 CHC2 H5CH2OPOOHOCH2CHC2 H5( CH2 ) 3CH3( CH2 ) 5CH3 CHCH3OPOCH3OCH-CH3( CH2 ) 5CH3( D2 EHPA)　　　　　　　　　　 ( DHMP)从以上的结构式可知 ,D2 EHPA为酸性磷类萃取剂 ,DHMP为中性膦类萃取剂。由于 P2 0 4 和 P350 具有良好的协萃效应 ,因而在湿法冶金工艺中两者常互为协萃剂组成协萃体系用于金属离子的萃取分离。P2 0 4 和 P350 单一组…     

HDEHP和HEH/EHP混合萃取剂在硫酸介质中协同萃取RE(Ⅲ)的机制研究

对HDEHP(H2B2)和HEH/EHP(H2L2)混合萃取剂在硫酸介质中萃取稀土元素(La,Nd,Sm,Gd)的机制进行了研究。研究表明,在水相平衡pH=2.0时,混合萃取剂萃取这几种元素的协萃系数分别为:1.96(La),3.52(Nd),5.96(Sm),5.71(Gd),并且协萃系数随水相平衡pH的升高而增加。利用斜率法分别确定了单一萃取剂HDEHP和HEH/EHP以及混合萃取剂HDEHP HEH/EHP在硫酸体系中萃取稀土元素的配合物结构式分别为RE(SO4)xH2x(HB2)3,RE(SO4)xH2x(HL2)3以及RE(HB2)2(HL2)。计算了反应的平衡常数及形成常数并确定了反应机制为阳离子交换反应。     

酸性磷类萃取剂在硫酸介质中对Y(Ⅲ)的协萃机制研究

对HDEHP(H2A2),HEH/EHP(H2B2),Cyanex272(H2L2)萃取剂在硫酸介质中单独以及HDEHP-HEH/EHP和HDEHP-Cyanex272混合萃取剂萃取稀土元素Y(Ⅲ)的机制进行了研究. 研究发现,单独采用HDEHP和HEH/EHP萃取Y(Ⅲ)时,SO2-4参与了反应,造成反应过程中放出的H 个数随萃取剂浓度的变化而变化,对于单独采用Cyanex272萃取Y(Ⅲ)的过程中则是OH-参与了反应. 计算了混合萃取剂萃取Y(Ⅲ)的协萃系数(R),当水相平衡pH=1.2时,HDEHP和HEH/EHP混合萃取体系与HDEHP和Cyanex272混合萃取体系萃取Y(Ⅲ)的R分别为27.68和48.99,并且协萃系数随水相平衡pH的升高而增加. 确定了在HDEHP和HEH/EHP混合萃取体系中的协萃反应并计算了反应的平衡常数及萃合物形成反应的稳定常数,反应机制为阳离子交换反应.     

二苯并-14-冠-4超声波合成及其用于锂镁分离的研究

为了从高镁锂比卤水中提锂,需要解决锂镁分离,本文用二苯并-14-冠-4(DB14C4)来达到此目的。用超声波合成法,在常温、短时反应条件下以42.22%的产率得到DB14C4。对DB14C4采用高斯频率计算与其实测红外光谱比对来确定产物结构。考察了DB14C4及其与有机磷酸酯协同配位萃取对锂镁分离的效果,实验结果表明:单一的DB14C4对锂离子的萃取率仅为2%,对锂镁混合液中锂离子的选择性系数为1.20。当DB14C4与有机磷酸酯构成的协同体系【即DB14C4与二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(B2EHPA)】,则对锂离子的萃取率增大到36%,选择性系数增加到6.17。动态液膜迁移实验也证实了协同配位体系能增加其对锂离子的选择性,当DB14C4与B2EHPA摩尔比为2∶1时,动态迁移选择率达到9.7。     

磷酸三丁酯与三烷基胺类萃取剂对锌离子的协同萃取

研究了磷酸三丁酯(TBP,B)和三烷基胺萃取剂(N235,R3N,R=C8~C10)在HCl介质中对Zn2 的萃取,该混合体系对Zn2 存在明显的协同效应,协萃系数为12.34。用斜率法和恒摩尔法探讨了萃取机理,确定了萃合物的组成为(R3N)1.5.ZnCl2.B,协萃反应方程式:ZnCl2(a) 1.5R3N(o) B(o)(R3N)1.5.ZnCl2.B(0)。计算了该反应的平衡常数和热力学函数ΔH、ΔG和ΔS,证明反应为放热过程。比较了TBP-N235的混合体系萃取Zn2 和Cd2 的性能,并考察了TBP与另一种胺类萃取剂N,N′-二(1-甲庚基)乙酰胺(N503)的混合体系对Zn2 和Cd2 的萃取。结果表明:TBP-N235的混合体系对Cd2 没有明显的协同效应;TBP-N503的混合体系对Zn2 和Cd2 协同效应都不明显。计算了TBP-N235的混合体系对Zn2 和Cd2 的分离系数,证明此体系可以从富镉溶液中分离锌。     

二（2—乙基己基）单硫代磷酸萃取铟的研究

目前采用二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)从硫酸溶液中萃取铟在生产上虽获得广泛应用,但反萃取又转入盐酸体系,腐蚀刺激性较强.改用D2EHMTPA萃取铟可能较好,有关这方面的研究至今尚未见报道,本文从硫酸溶液中考察了D2EHMTPA萃取铟的性能,并与D2-EHPA和二(2-乙基己基)二硫代磷酸(D2EHDTPA)作比较,以了解这类萃取剂结构上的差别对萃取铟的影响,这对选择及合成高效能萃取剂分子也是有意义的,还应用斜率法、饱和法确定了萃取平衡反应及萃合物组成,根据IR与NMR探讨了D2EHMTPA萃取铟的机理。     

N，N′-二甲基-N，N′-二己基-3-氧戊二酰胺萃取镧系元素的研究

溶剂萃取因反应速度快,分离效果好,已成为国内外分离提纯稀土的主要方法[1～3].在稀土元素的萃取分离中,为了提高萃取效率,从高放废液中分离、除去锕系和镧系元素从而实现选择性分离,首要问题是选择结构合适的萃取剂和萃取条件[4].由于酰胺类萃取剂具有螯合性能,对Ln(Ⅲ)、An(Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ)和碱土金属都有良好的萃取能力,而且此类化合物耐辐射,不易水解,能够燃尽,不产生二次污染,是～种比较有发展前途的萃取剂,在核燃料后处理方面展示较好的应用前景[5～7].     

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸萃取亮氨酸平衡研究

萃取平衡;二乙基己基磷酸;二(2-乙基己基)磷酸萃取亮氨酸平衡研究     

Liquid-Membrane Transport of Rare Earth Metal Ions Facilitated by Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phosphoric Acid: Comparison with the Results of Corresponding Centrifugal Partition Chromatography

Abstract

Selective liquid-membrane transport of rare earth metal ions were found to be effectively attained by the use of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) carrier. This finding was obtained on the basis of the idea that liquid-membrane transport phenomena would be basically correlated with those of “separator-aided centrifugal partition chromatography”, a separation technique based on the counter-current continuous extraction method. For the rare earth metal ion samples direct comparison of liquid-membrane transport with the corresponding centrifugal partition chromatography by employing the same two-phase liquid systems both containing D2EHPA showed that a close parallelism in the results obtained with the two separation systems.     

Spectrochemical analysis of curium and americium samples

Spectrochemical procedures have been developed to determine impurities in americium and curium samples. The simultaneous separation of many impurity elements from the base material (americium and curium) is carried out with extraction and extraction-chromatographic methods using di(2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA).

It is shown that part of the elements (alkalis, alkaline earths, silicon, tungsten, tantalum and other elements) are separated with extraction or sorption of americium and curium; the other part (rare earths, titanium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum) with the Talspeak process.

Two fractions in the extraction chromatography and three fractions in the extraction separation of americium and curium, containing impurities, are analyzed separately by a.c. or d.c. arc spectrography. To increase the sensitivity of the spectrographic analysis and accelerate the burn-up of impurities from the crater of the carbon electrode bismuth fluoride and sodium chloride were used as chemically active substances. The extraction of impurities from weighed quantities of americium and curium samples of 5–10 mg permits the lower limit of determined impurity concentrations to be extended to 1 × 10⁻⁴–5 × 10⁻³% m/m.     

有机磷酸混合萃取体系的界面化学及动力学控制机制研究

研究了D2EHPA(二(2-乙基己基)磷酸)-M_1PA、M_2PA(长碳链单烷基磷酸酯)-Al~(3+)和D2EHPA-MEHPA(单(2-乙基己基)磷酸)-Al~(3+)混合萃取体系的界面化学和动力学。结果表明,混合体系界面活性下降,D2EHPA-M_1PA萃取Al~(3+)的过程为扩散和化学反应共同控制机制。     

仲辛基苯氧基乙酸从稀土中萃取分离钪及其机理

首次研究了一种新型萃取剂仲辛基苯氧基乙酸 (CA 12 )萃取钪的性能及其机理。通过研究平衡水相酸度、萃取剂浓度和温度对萃取平衡的影响 ,用斜率法和等摩尔系列法确定了CA 12萃取钪的机理 ,并求得了CA 12萃取钪的热力学函数 ,计算了平衡反应的浓度平衡常数及钪同其它稀土离子的分离系数 ,指出CA 12是一种从稀土 中分离钪的优良萃取剂     

P204-P507-H2SO4体系萃取稀土元素的研究

对P204与P507混合萃取剂在硫酸介质中萃取分离Nd和Sm的行为进行了研究。重点考察了在硫酸介质中,P204添加一定量P507对稀土萃取能力、反萃性能以及Nd-Sm分离效果的影响。测定了不同比例的混合有机相在不同平衡酸度下的Nd,Sm分配比以及协同系数,并得到了相应条件下的Sm/Nd分离系数。试验结果表明,P204与P507混合体系在硫酸介质中萃取分离Nd,Sm时存在不同程度的正协同效应。     

Studies of polyamines transport through liquid membranes with D2EHPA as a carrier

The transport of polyamines through the liquid membranes with di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was investigated. The study was performed in three main steps: liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), bulk liquid membrane (BLM) extraction, and supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction. Equilibrium distribution experiments allowed determining the extraction constants and stoichiometric coefficients for each polyamine. It turned out that one amino group binds two molecules of carrier (one D2EHPA dimer) and the extractability of polyamine rises with the increase in number of function groups in the molecule. The BLM and SLM experiments showed that despite considerable differences in distribution ratio between various polyamines the extraction efficiencies for all of them are very approximate. The smaller diamines compensate the lowest affinity to membrane phase with faster interface reaction kinetics and higher diffusivity. Finally, the SLM extraction conditions were optimized. The main parameters that influence the transport are the pH of the donor and acceptor phases. The extraction efficiencies obtained for polyamines are high (80-90%) and give hope for an application in bioanalytical chemistry.     

Fundamental- and Second-Harmonic Tensammetry of DI-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid

Abstract

The tenaammetric behavior of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2KHPA) was investigated by non-phase-selective AC polarography. D2EHPA produces in alkali sulfate supporting electrolytes a decrease of the capacitive current in the region of zero-charge potential, as well as a tensammetric peak located between -1.0 and -1.3 V vs. SCE. In the same range, the second harmonic has a characteristic maximum. The pH of the solution and the nature of the cation in the supporting electrolyte affect both the height and the position of the tensammetric peaks. The tensammetric method allows determination of D2EHPA at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 200 mg/1. Maximum sensitivity is obtained by measuring the second harmonic.