杂质延迟法去除液相系统中全氟辛酸的干扰

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)对水体中7种全氟烷基酸(C4~C10)和全氟辛烷磺酸的分析方法。水样抽滤除去颗粒物杂质,加入回收率指示物,再使用WAX固相萃取柱富集和净化,提取液浓缩后,使用HPLC/MS/MS分析检测。仪器分析过程中,由于液相系统无法避免含氟材料的使用,引入了较高的全氟辛酸(PFOA)污染。本研究使用杂质延迟法实现了液相系统中PFOA和样品中PFOA的分离。在系统干扰去除后,水体中PFOA的方法检出限降低为0.8 ng/L(取样量500 mL),低定量浓度为3.2 ng/L;其它目标物的方法检出限为0.2~1.2 ng/L,低定量浓度为0.8~4.8 ng/L。本方法具有良好的重现性,6次平行样品测定中各检出化合物的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于16%,6次基体加标实验中各目标物的回收率为87%~129%,RSD<15%。杂质延迟法有效的去除了系统干扰,降低了方法检出限,提高了方法精密度。     

北京市污水处理厂中全氟化合物的污染水平

研究了北京市污水处理厂中全氟化合物的污染水平.分别对北京市主要的七个污水处理厂的进出口污水和污泥样品进行了季节性采样,并对样品中的9种全氟化合物进行系统性分析,结果表明在所有的污泥和污水样品中均检测到一定浓度的全氟化合物.污水中主要的全氟化合物是全氟辛酸(PFOA),而在污泥中则为全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS).在进口污水中,全氟化合物总浓度是2.88～176ng/L,出口污水中是5.48～498ng/L,而相应的污泥当中的浓度则为1.21～32.0ng/g(干重).七个污水处理厂中,清河污水处理厂和酒仙桥污水处理厂的样品中全氟化合物的浓度最高,而方庄污水处理厂则最低.我们认为北京市污水处理厂最主要的污染源来自生活污水和商业污水.另外,研究还发现出口污水中全氟化合物的浓度往往要高于进口污水,分析原因是一部分全氟化合物可能是经由污水处理过程中产生的.PFOS浓度恰好相反,它在出口水中的浓度比进口水降低了约62%,造成这种现象的原因可能是在污水处理过程中污泥对PFOS具有较强的吸附作用.经过数据统计分析,我们发现出口污水中的全氟羧酸两两显著性相关,这也表明了这些物质可能具有相似的来源.最后,我们还计算了北京市污水处理厂...     

蚯蚓对土壤中8:2与10:2氟调醇的生物富集与转化

以蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)为受试生物,研究了8:2和10:2氟调醇(FTOH)在蚯蚓体内的生物富集特性、清除速率和生物转化等.结果表明,全氟辛酸(PFOA)是8:2 FTOH主要的末端降解产物,全氟癸酸(PFDA)是10:2 FTOH主要的末端降解产物.暴露30 d后,蚯蚓体内的全氟化合物浓度达到最高,分别为PFDA(565 ng/g)8:2 FTOH(505 ng/g)PFOA(179 ng/g)10:2 FTOH(148 ng/g).清除阶段8:2 FTOH,10:2 FTOH,PFOA和PFDA半衰期(t1/2)分别为23.1 d,16.5 d,5.8 d和11.4 d,其对应的清除速率常数(ke)分别为0.03/d,0.042/d,0.12/d,0.061/d,说明长碳链的PFCAs更难从生物体内清除,母体化合物FTOHs在蚯蚓体内的持久性更强.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术测定环境水样中的全氟化合物

采用HPLC-ESI-MS/MS联用技术,以C18反相柱为分析柱,以甲醇、醋酸铵为淋洗液,10min即可分离全氟庚酸(PFHeA)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟壬酸(PFNA)和全氟癸酸(PFDeA)5种全氟化合物。样品溶液500mL经RP柱离线浓缩、2mL甲醇洗脱、水定容至5mL后,50μL进样分析。以363/319、412.9/368.9、498.9/80、462.9/419和512.8/469离子对分别对PFHeA,PFOA,PFOS,PFNA和PFDeA进行监控和定量检测。线性范围在0.5~20ng/L之间(r≥0.9944),5种物质的检出限依次为0.10、0.15、0.11、0.11和0.18ng/L。该方法已成功运用于4种环境水样的测定,4ng/L的加标回收结果在52.6%~117.5%之间。     

中空纤维膜萃取电喷雾电离质谱测定水中的全氟化合物

采用中空纤维膜( HF)做固相微萃取( SPME)材料,与常压离子化质谱( AMS)联用,分析水中全氟庚酸(PFHpA)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟壬酸(PFNA)、全氟癸酸(PFDA)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟十一酸(PFuDA)和全氟十二酸(PFDoA)7种全氟化合物(Perfluorinated compounds, PFCs)。对萃取时间和萃取溶液pH值进行了优化,质谱在负模式下使用选择反应监测扫描( SRM),并使用同位素内标13 C4-PFOS和13 C4-PFOA进行定量分析。结果表明,本方法对7种PFCs均有良好的线性(R2>0.99);除了PFHpA外,其它6种PFCs化合物的检出限为0.8~2.7 ng/L,定量限为2.7~8.9 ng/L;其中5种PFCs的富集倍数超过200倍。实际水样中(自来水和珠江水)7种PFCs均未检出,PFCs加标浓度在40和400 ng/L时,自来水的回收率范围分别为88.5%~108.3%和94.2%~116.7%,珠江水的回收率范围分别为75.0%~102.6%和82.1%~97.6%。     

全氟羧酸盐海洋微表层富集与影响因素分析

通过环境调查和表面张力测定实验,观察了全氟辛酸盐（PFOA）和全氟寅酸盐（PFNA）在海洋微表层中的富集现象,探讨了污染物浓度、温度、盐度等热力学因素对PFOA海水表面富集的影响趋势．利用钢丝网法采集的黄海北部开阔海域微表层中（厚约200μm）,PFOA和PFNA的浓度分别为1．92～17．66ng／L和0．40～9．30ng／L,几何均值为4-27和1．38ng／L;微表层富集系数的几何均值为2．5（1．0～17）和8．2（2．1-42）．微表层中PFNA与PFOA浓度比值几何均值为0．33,显著不同于次表层海水中的组成比例（0．10）．海洋表层水温度和盐度是影响全氟表面活性剂微表层富集状态的主要热力学因素．温度增高时,微表层富集系数随之降低;盐度增加时,富集系数随之增加．     

近岸及河口海水中全氟化合物的固相萃取富集/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定

建立了近岸及河口海水中全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟十一酸(PFUn A)、全氟十二酸(PFDo A)、全氟十三酸(PFTr DA)、全氟十四酸(PFTA)6种全氟化合物(PFCs)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。使用C18固相萃取小柱对500 m L水样中的目标物进行富集后,用15 m L甲醇-乙酸乙酯混合淋洗液(4∶1)进行洗脱,浓缩,定容至1.0 m L后,用Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱以均含5.0mmol/L甲酸铵的甲醇-水为流动相梯度洗脱方式进行分离,电喷雾负离子模式(ESI-)电离,多重反应监测模式(MRM)以及内标法对6种PFCs进行定性定量测定。优化了固相萃取、色谱分离及质谱测定条件,考察了海水盐度对方法回收率的影响。在优化实验条件下,方法在2.0,5.0,10.0 ng/L加标水平下,实际海水样品的回收率为80.1%~117.4%,在2.0 ng/L加标水平的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为8.2%~12.1%。6种PFCs的线性范围为0.5~50.0μg/L,相关系数大于0.999 0;方法的定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.5~1.5 ng/L。该方法具有样品前处理简单、分析速度快、选择性好的特点,适用于近岸及河口海水中全氟化合物的快速测定。     

碳纳米管复合材料结合分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测环境水样中痕量全氟化合物

以碳纳米管-二氧化硅棒复合材料为吸附剂,基于分散固相萃取法和液相色谱-串联质谱法建立了一种高灵敏、快速分析环境水样中痕量全氟化合物(PFCs)的方法。该研究选择全氟己烷磺酸、全氟庚酸、全氟辛酸、全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟壬酸和全氟癸酸6种全氟化合物为目标分析物。采用单因素优化法对影响萃取效果的重要因素进行了优化。获得的最佳条件为：吸附时间为30 min、吸附剂用量为10 mg、样品溶液pH为6、萃取过程添加NaCl浓度为1.7 mol/L、解吸溶剂为丙酮、解吸时间为4 min、解吸液的体积为4 mL。采用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用技术对水样品中全氟化合物进行定量分析。以5 mmol/L乙酸铵和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经Kinetex C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7μm)分离,采用电喷雾离子源、负离子扫描模式和质谱多反应监测,实现了环境水样中6种全氟化合物的快速定性和定量分析。在优化条件下,6种全氟化合物在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,检出限(S/N=3)为0.10～0.26 ng/L。添加500 ng/L 6种PFCs进行重复性实验,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2....     

气相色谱-质谱法测定包装材料中全氟辛酸及其盐类

快速溶剂萃取法萃取包装材料中的全氟辛酸(PFOA)及其盐类, 萃取液与乙酰化试剂反应后, 以全氟癸酸甲酯为内标物, 用内标法进行定量测定. 气相色谱质谱条件为: HP-Innowax毛细柱;柱温: 50 ℃ (5 min)30 ℃/min→240 ℃ (5 min);不分流进样;接口温度: 280 ℃;载气: 氦气, 0.8 mL/min;进样量: 1 μL;负化学源;反应气: 甲烷, 20%;选择离子扫描方式. 方法的线性范围1.0～105 μg/L, 线性相关系数r=0.999, 检出限0.1 μg/L, 不同浓度的PFOA的相对标准偏差分别为4.1%和3.2%, 回收率在87%～109%之间.     

纺织品中全氟辛酸及全氟辛磺酰基化合物的气相色谱-μECD测试方法

建立了超声波辅助萃取-气相色谱-微电子捕获检测器测定纺织品中全氟辛酸(PFOA)及全氟辛磺酰基化合物(PFOS)的方法。通过单因子选择实验、正交实验等方法建立了纺织品中PFOA和PFOS的超声波萃取方法和PFOA的衍生反应条件。并采用加大流速和降低温度的方法,实现了3种PFOA和PFOS混合物的气相色谱分离及测试。方法的检测限为0.00591~0.02319μg/g;精密度为2.1%~9.7%;加标回收率为92.2%~101.9%。方法适用于纺织品中痕量PFOA和PFOS的监测分析。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中14种短链和长链全氟化合物

建立了固相萃取-超高压液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱同时测定水中14种短链和长链全氟化合物（PFCs）的方法。水样经WAX混合型固相萃取小柱富集和净化后,采用BEH C18色谱柱、甲醇和5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用多反应监测模式,内标法定量分析。14种PFCs在0.1~50 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99,方法检出限和定量限分别为0.09~1.15 ng/L和0.29~3.85 ng/L。在2、10和20 ng/L加标水平下,8种PFCs的平均回收率为85.0%、120.2%和117.4%,平均相对标准偏差为9.2%、9.0%和6.6%,6种PFCs的回收率相对较低,主要由于其在瓶/管壁上的吸附作用导致。应用本方法分析某淡水湖水样,检出4种短链和5种长链PFCs,质量浓度为41.29~49.05 ng/L和98.43~111.02 ng/L。结果表明该方法适用于对环境水体中短链和长链PFCs的同时分析测定。     

Perfluorinated compounds in blood of textile workers and barbers

12 perfluorinated compounds（PFCs） in human blood from workers in a textile mill in Shandong province and several barbershops in Tianjin were analyzed in this study. It was found that perfluorooctanesulfonate（PFOS） and perfluorooctanoate（PFOA） were the most prominent PFCs, with average concentrations of 5.73 mg/L and 5.46 mg/L for textile workers, and 2.55 mg/L and 2.84 mg/L for barbers.PFOS and perfluorohexanesulfonate（PFHxS） concentrations revealed a positive correlation in blood samples（p 〈 0.01）, and concentrations among PFOS, perfluorononanoic acid（PFNA） and perfluorodecanoic acid（PFDA） also revealed positive correlations（p 〈 0.01）. The influence of gender and age on PFC concentration in blood was also investigated, and the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the male and female samples, as well as in samples from people with different ages. Generally speaking, the textile workers     

气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定纺织品中11种挥发性全氟化合物前体物

以甲醇为提取溶剂,超声辅助提取纺织品中的全氟化合物前体物,建立了一种气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)法同时测定纺织品中11种挥发性全氟化合物前体物:4种氟调聚物醇(FTOHs)、3种氟调聚丙烯酸酯(FTAs)、2种全氟辛基磺酰胺(FOSAs)和2种全氟辛基磺酰胺乙醇(FOSEs)。考察了超声提取溶剂、提取温度和提取时间对提取效率的影响,最终确定用甲醇为提取溶剂,70 ℃下超声提取60 min,目标物经VF-WAXms毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)程序升温分离,GC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。实验结果表明:11种挥发性全氟化合物前体物在10~500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均不低于0.9984;以信噪比为3计算,检出限(LOD)为0.002~0.04 mg/kg;以信噪比为10计算,定量限(LOQ)为0.006~0.1 mg/kg;不同材质纺织品中,11种挥发性全氟化合物前体物在高、中、低3个添加水平下的回收率为73.2%~117.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.1%~9.4%(n=6)。该方法前处理简单,定性、定量准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,可有效用于纺织品中11种挥发性全氟化合物前体物的同时检测。实际样品分析发现,当前全氟化合物前体物已被应用于纺织品整理当中。该方法的建立对我国纺织品中全氟化合物前体物风险物质的管控和检测标准的制定具有一定的理论和现实意义。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人尿液中全氟有机化合物

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)联用技术,建立了对人尿液中12种全氟有机化合物(PFCs)的分析方法。首先在尿液样品中加入相应的同位素内标,以2%(体积分数)甲酸甲醇溶液超声萃取、离心后,将提取液用弱阴离子交换固相萃取柱净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定,内标法定量。12种目标化合物在0.05～50 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.992,检出限在0.44～3.47 ng/L之间。在20、100、500 ng/L添加水平下,平均回收率范围为80.3%～116.2%,相对标准偏差(n=6)在5.5%～13.8%之间。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好、回收率高、操作简单,适合人尿液中PFCs的测定。     

Evaluation of perfluorinated compounds in seven wastewater treatment plants in Beijing urban areas

The presence of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)in seven major wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in Beijing was investigated in the current study.We detected nine PFCs in all the wastewater and sludge samples.Perfluorooctane acid(PFOA)is the dominant PFCs in influents and effluents,while perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)is the major contaminant in sludge.The highest PFC concentration was found in plants at Qinghe and Jiuxianqiao WWTP,while the lowest was found at Fangzhuang WWTP.The total values of PFC range fr...     

环境水样及固相样品中全氟化合物分析方法研究进展

全氟化合物(Perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)是一类持久性有机污染物,在环境中普遍检出,严重危害人体健康,已成为环境科学和毒理学研究的热点之一.PFCs含有较多同系物及同分异构体,且在环境中通常为痕量水平(ng/g或μg/L),迫切需要建立灵敏可靠的样品前处理和检测技术.国内外已针对环境样品基质中痕量PFCs的检测开展了大量研究,但有关复杂环境样品中PFCs前处理方法、分析方法、基质效应等方面的系统评述还相对较少.本文综述了环境样品(水、沉积物/污泥、土壤、植物)中PFCs的前处理方法、检测方法(尤其是同分异构体)及环境样品基质效应对其检测的影响,以期为相关研究提供参考.     

Analysis and validation of perfluorinated compounds in water,sediment and fish with LC-ESI–MS/MS

The analysis of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in environmental matrices is challenging, as the concentrations are generally low, but the risk of contamination is high. Sample preparation is a critical step and it is necessary to minimise the possibility of contamination. In this study, we successfully applied and validated a modified ion pair extraction method to quantify PFCs in sediment and fish samples. A large volume injection method was validated and used to quantify PFCs in different water matrices. Isotope internal standard of every analyte was applied to correct matrix effects. The recoveries of the analytes were 92–106% for water matrix, 93–119% for fish matrix and 86–103% for soil matrix whereas the achieved limit of quantitation values were 1.3–14.9 ng/L for water, 0.19–0.28 μg/kg for fish and 0.14–0.41 for soil samples. Thirty-one surface water, 8 stormwater and 41 sediment samples collected all over Estonia were analysed and 4 (out of 8 analysed) PFCs were found in quantitative amount. The most frequently detected analyte perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was found in 26% of the water samples with a maximum concentration of 137 ng/L.     

Analysis of perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorochemicals in water and biological tissue samples by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry

A method for the determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in various water and biological tissue samples was developed and validated. The contents of selected PFCs (i.e., perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA)) in water samples were extracted by the C(18) solid-phase extraction (SPE). The biological tissue samples (frozen-dried fish and oysters) were simply extracted by liquid-solid extraction with MTBE and adding tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate (TBA) as an ion-pairing reagent. The analytes were then identified and quantitated by liquid chromatography-ion trap negative electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI ion-trap-MS). Limits of quantitation (LOQ) were established between 0.5 and 6 ng/l in 250 ml of water sample, while 5-50 ng/g (dry weight) for biological tissue sample. Intrabatch and interbatch precision with their accuracy at two concentration levels were also investigated. Precision for these three PFCs, as indicated by RSD, proved to be less than 11 and 17%, respectively. The total contents of PFOA, PFOS and PFDA were detected in concentrations of up to 400 ng/l in various water samples, while up to 1,100 ng/g in fish and oyster samples. PFOA and PFDA was the major PFCs detected in water samples and biological tissue samples, respectively.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时测定地表水中16种全氟有机化合物

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联三重四极杆质谱联用技术分析水中16种全氟有机化合物的高通量检测方法。样品经WAX固相萃取柱富集和净化后,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC^TM BEH C₁₈色谱柱,含2 mmol/L乙酸铵的甲醇和含2 mmol/L乙酸铵的水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾负离子电离,多反应监测模式检测。16种全氟有机化合物在0.5~100 μg/L或1.0~100 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9987~0.9999,方法的检出限为0.06~0.46 ng/L;高、中、低3个添加水平的回收率为67.6%~103%,相对标准偏差为2.94%~12.0%。结果表明,该方法灵敏、准确且检测范围广,分析速度快,是一种适于实际水样中全氟有机化合物检测分析的方法。     

Comparison of total fluorine, extractable organic fluorine and perfluorinated compounds in the blood of wild and pefluorooctanoate (PFOA)-exposed rats: Evidence for the presence of other organofluorine compounds

The widespread occurrence and environmental persistence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) received worldwide attention recently. Exhaustive analysis of all fluorinated compounds in an environmental sample can be daunting because of the constraints in the availability of analytical standards and extraction methods. Combustion ion chromatographic technique for trace fluorine analysis was used to assess the concentrations of known PFCs (e.g., PFOS, PFOA) and total fluorine (TF) in the blood of wild rats collected from Japan. The technique was further validated using tissues from PFOA-exposed rats. Six PFCs (PFOS, PFOSA, PFUnDA, PFDA, PFNA, and PFOA) were detected in all of the wild rat blood samples. Concentrations of extractable organic fluorine (EOF) in fraction 1 (Fr1; MTBE extraction) of wild rats ranged 60.9-134 ng F mL⁻¹, while those in fraction 2 (Fr2; hexane) were below LOQ (32 ng F mL⁻¹); TF concentrations in the blood of wild rats ranged from 59.9-192 ng F mL⁻¹. The contribution of known PFCs in EOF-Fr1 (MTBE) varied from 9% to 89% (56% on average), and known PFC concentrations in TF content were less than 25%. In contrast, TF concentrations in the blood of PFOA-exposed rats ranged from 46900 to 111000 ng F mL⁻¹, with PFOA contributing over 90% of TF. A comparison of results from the samples analyzed in this study and the literature revealed three distinct groups with PFOA/known PFC and TF levels (i.e., wild rats and general population, occupationally exposed workers, and PFOA-exposed laboratory rats). The mass balance analysis of the different forms of fluorine in blood suggested the presence of other forms of organic fluorine in addition to known PFCs.