基于粒子群算法的波长选择方法用于苹果酸度的近红外光谱分析

采用便携式近红外光谱分析仪,对苹果样品进行扫描获得光谱数据,运用偏最小二乘法结合基于粒子群算法的波长选择方法对苹果试验数据进行多元统计分析,建立数学模型,利用该模型对苹果酸度进行了预测。对于基于粒子群算法和全谱偏最小二乘方法,校正集样品的酸度预测值和实测值之间的相关系数分别为0.9880和0.9553,校正均方根误差分别为0.0197和0.0388;预测集样品的酸度预测值和实测值之间的相关系数分别为0.9833和0.9596,预测均方根误差分别为0.0193和0.0304。与全谱偏最小二乘法相比,基于粒子群算法的偏最小二乘法,不仅较大地减少波长变量而降低计算量,而且也较大地提高了模型性能而增强了模型预测的准确性。该方法可建立较好的定量分析模型,能广泛应用于现场或野外苹果酸度的快速分析。     

区间偏最小二乘结合差分进化算法应用于鱼粉近红外光谱波长筛选

蛋白质含量是评价鱼粉质量的重要指标,该文采用近红外(NIR)光谱分析技术结合特征筛选方法建立了鱼粉蛋白质含量的快速定量分析模型,并结合区间偏最小二乘(iPLS)和二进制变异策略的差分进化(DE)算法建立了区间偏最小二乘差分进化(iPLS-DE)的波长筛选优化模式,对鱼粉NIR光谱数据进行特征波长筛选。iPLS-DE通过调试iPLS中等分子区间的数量,优选出9个最优特征波段,再采用二进制变异策略的DE算法在最优特征波段内筛选离散特征波长组合,最后根据模型的评价指标确定iPLS-DE优选模型并与iPLS优选模型进行比较。结果表明,将鱼粉全谱等分为5个子区间时,iPLS-DE筛选出50个离散特征波长建立的优选模型对测试集样品的预测均方根误差和相对分析误差分别为1.033%和4.058,而iPLS优选模型对测试集样品的预测均方根误差和相对分析误差分别为1.131%和3.855。表明iPLS-DE方法能够有效地提高NIR光谱分析模型对鱼粉蛋白质定量检测的预测能力。     

基于多模型共识的偏最小二乘法用于近红外光谱定量分析

建立了多模型共识偏最小二乘(cPLS)建模方法, 并应用于烟草样品近红外(NIR)光谱与常规成分氯含量之间的建模研究, 探讨了建模参数对预测结果的影响. 结果表明, cPLS方法与传统的偏最小二乘算法(PLS)相比, 所建模型更稳定可靠, 预测结果也可得到了明显改善.     

Bagging偏最小二乘和Boosting偏最小二乘算法的金银花醇沉过程近红外光谱定量模型预测能力研究

建立金银花醇沉过程中稳健的近红外光谱( Near infrared spectroscopy,NIR)定量模型,为金银花醇沉过程的快速评价提供方法。研究基于金银花醇沉过程绿原酸的 NIR 数据,通过建立 Bagging 偏最小二乘(Bagging-PLS)模型、Boosting偏最小二乘(Boosting-PLS)模型与偏最小二乘(Partial Least Squares,PLS)模型,实现对模型性能比较;在此基础上,采用组合间隔偏最小二乘法( Synergy interval partial least squares,siPLS)和竞争自适应抽样( Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS )法分别对光谱进行变量筛选,建立模型,实现了对模型预测性能的考察。实验结果表明, Bagging-PLS和Boosting-PLS(潜变量因子数设为10)的预测性能均优于 PLS 模型。在此基础上,两批样品采用 siPLS 筛选变量,第一个批次金银花筛选波段820~1029.5 nm和1030~1239.5 nm,第二个批次金银花醇沉筛选波段为820~959.5 nm和960~1099.5 nm;采用CARS方法变量筛选,两批样品分别选择5折交叉验证和10折交叉验证,取交叉验证均方根误差( RMSECV)值最小的子集作为最终变量筛选的结果。经过变量筛选的两批金银花醇沉过程中的绿原酸含量Bagging-PLS和Boosting-PLS模型的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)值降低了0.02~0.04 g/L,预测相关系数提高了4%~5%。综上,Baggning-PLS和Boosting-PLS算法可作为金银花醇沉过程NIR定量模型的快速预测方法。     

THz光谱技术定量分析异丙醇、甲醇、汽油混合物各组分

应用太赫兹时域光谱技术结合偏最小二乘法,定量分析了异丙醇、甲醇、汽油混合物中各组分含量。分析得到的甲醇建模集和预测集均方根误差分别为1.43%和2.07%,相关系数分别为0.9991和0.9980;92号汽油建模集和预测集均方根误差分别为2.38%和1.36%,相关系数分别为0.9975和0.9992;异丙醇建模集和预测集均方根误差分别为1.53%和2.84%,相关系数为0.6467和0.8954。结果表明,方法能够较好地定量分析异丙醇、甲醇、汽油混合物中的甲醇和汽油含量,而异丙醇的分析结果相关系数低。     

近红外光谱技术定量分析连作滁菊土壤中的阿魏酸含量

应用近红外光谱(NIRS)技术定量分析连作滁菊土壤样品中阿魏酸的含量.通过标准杠杆值、学生残差和马氏距离判断异常光谱,经二阶导数和Norris平滑滤噪预处理后,在6000~4000 cm-1范围,最佳因子数为7,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)构建数学模型.结果表明,模型校正集和验证集与高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)测定的参考值之间均呈现良好相关关系,校正相关系数Rc为0.9914,交叉验证相关系数Rcv为0.9935,校正集误差均方根(RMSEC)为0.484,预测误差均方根(RMSEP)为0.539,交叉验证误差均方根(RMSECV)为0.615.研究结果表明,NIRS分析技术能够实现连作土壤中阿魏酸的快速检测,结果准确可靠.     

藏药五脉绿绒蒿提取过程的在线近红外光谱质量控制研究北大核心CSCD

利用近红外光谱技术和自建的在线检测系统,实现了藏药五脉绿绒蒿提取过程中总黄酮含量的在线近红外光谱监测和提取终点的判定。以403个样品为建模集,分别获得了主成分回归(PCR)、偏最小二乘(PLS)、决策树(DT)、随机森林(RF)算法下的最佳光谱预处理方法和建模区间,以残差预测偏差(RPD)值为指标选择最佳建模方法。以62个样品为外部验证集,考察模型应用于总黄酮含量实时监测的可行性。此外,还探讨了利用模型预测值进行相对浓度变化率(RCCR)分析直接判定提取终点的可行性,并比较了标准偏差绝对距离法(ADSD)和移动窗口标准偏差法(MBSD)对提取终点判定的适用性。结果表明,在预处理方法为Constant+一阶导数+SG平滑、建模区间5300~9000 cm^(-1)条件下所建的总黄酮含量的PLS模型效果最好,其校正集和验证集的误差均方根均小于0.14、相关系数均大于0.97,RPD值为4.68。所建PLS模型对未知样品的平均预测率为79%,实际值与预测值的相关系数大于0.98,表明模型有较好的预测效果。外部验证集中RCCR法判定的预测提取终点和ADSD法判定的提取终点均与实际提取终点一致。所建模型性能较好,通过对未知样品进行准确快速的定量分析,实现了五脉绿绒蒿提取过程中总黄酮含量的实时监测,同时,以RCCR和ADSD作为提取终点的判定方法较为准确,可为藏药材提取过程在线近红外光谱分析技术的研究提供有益借鉴。     

浓度分段模型应用于人体血清葡萄糖的FTIR/ATR光谱分析

利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和衰减全反射(ATR)技术,建立了人血清葡萄糖的快速定量分析方法。根据葡萄糖水溶液与纯净水差谱得到葡萄糖的指纹吸收波段(1 200~900 cm-1),分别在全谱(4 000~600 cm-1)和指纹波段建立偏最小二乘法(PLS)模型,指纹波段的预测效果明显好于全谱。选择指纹波段后,提出一种根据浓度分段分别建模然后进行组合的建模方法。按照全部样品、低浓度样品、高浓度样品分别建立模型后,根据3个模型进行综合决策。应用独立的检验集对样品进行测试表明,按葡萄糖浓度范围分段建立组合模型的预测效果优于基于全部样品建模的预测效果。对于分段阈值附近的样本,低浓度和高浓度模型的预测效果差别不大。浓度分段组合模型的预测均方根偏差(RMSEP)和预测相关系数(Rp)分别为0.732mmol/L和0.948。     

血清胆红素的近红外光谱无创检测

血清胆红素的无创检测在疾病的预防、早期诊断与后期治疗等阶段都具有极其重要的作用.本研究提出了一种基于近红外光谱技术的无创血清胆红素新方法.通过采集舌尖的近红外反射光谱并运用偏最小二乘法对采集到的光谱数据进行建模,从而实现对血清胆红素的快速无创检测.将采集到的全部57例样本按照4∶1的比例分训练集和预测集,分别建立总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)和间接胆红素(IBIL)的偏最小二乘回归模型.3个模型的相关系数分别为0.9922,0.9947和0.9486,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为6.13,4.61和4.05 μmol/L.结果表明:舌尖近红外反射光谱结合偏最小二乘法可用于血清胆红素含量的无创检测,并且为其它血液成分的无创检测开辟了新路径.     

PLS–分光光度法同时测定三组分阳离子染料

将偏最小二乘法用于可见分光光度分析,建立一种同时测定阳离子黄X–8GL、阳离子红X–FG、阳离子艳蓝RL三组分混合染料含量的新方法。在380～780 nm范围内,将测定的26组混合溶液的吸光度值作为校正集,另8组混合溶液的吸光度值作为预测集,结合二阶差分法确定最佳主成分数。测得三组分混合体系中校正集的相关系数分别为0.9988,0.9994,0.9964;交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)分别为0.0754,0.1852,0.2168;预测集的相关系数分别为0.9984,0.9996,0.9981;预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.1086,0.1877,0.2515。该方法无需样品分离,可为染色过程中多组分染料浓度的在线监测提供技术支撑。     

基于近红外光谱技术的亚麻纤维化学成分含量快速测定

在推进亚麻纤维的纺纱及其产业化生产过程中,快速、准确的定量分析纤维的化学成分是重要趋势。该研究利用近红外光谱技术分析亚麻纤维化学成分,以化学分析法测定值为对照,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立亚麻纤维化学成分的近红外模型,从而实现了其化学成分的高效、快速定量分析。结果表明,建立的亚麻纤维纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和果胶近红外模型的校正相关系数(R_C)与验证相关系数(R_(CV))均在0.9以上,校正均方根误差(RMSEC)小于预测均方根误差(RMSEP)且均小于1。外部验证和双尾t检验表明模型预测结果较为准确,预测值与化学分析法得到的实测值无显著性差异,故该模型可用于相关化学成分含量的快速预测。     

Quantitative Analysis of Catalpol in Chinese Patent Medicine Lixin Pill by Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Lixin pill is a typical Chinese patent medicine with anti-rheumatic heart disease activity that has been widely used in clinical practice. Therefore it is very important to detect the concentration of catalpol, as the main component of the active ingredient. Near-infrared reflectance（NIR） spectroscopy was used to study the content of catalpol in the unprocessed Chinese patent medicine of Lixin pills. NIR is applied to quantitatively analyze 77 sam- ples, which were randomly divided into a calibration set containing 61 samples and a prediction set containing 16 samples. To get a satisfying result, partial least squares（PLS） regression was utilized to establish quantitative models. In PLS regression, the values of coefficient of determination（R2） and root mean square error of cross-validation （RMSECV） of PLS regression are 0.9419 and 0.0216, respectively. The process of establishing model, parameters of model, and prediction results were also discussed in detail（root mean square error of prediction is 0.0164）. The over- all results show that NIR spectroscopy can be efficiently utilized for the rapid and accurate analysis of routine chemical compositions in the Chinese patent medicine of Lixin pills. The prediction set suggests that this quantitative analysis model has excellent generalization ability and prediction precision. Accordingly, the result can provide tech- nical support for the further analysis of catalpol in unprocessed Lixin pill. Moreover, this study supplied technical support for the further analysis of other Chinese patent medicine samples.     

基于近红外光谱的食用植物油中反式脂肪酸含量快速定量检测及模型优化研究

利用近红外光谱技术对食用植物油中反式脂肪酸(Trans fatty acids,TFA)含量进行快速定量检测,并通过波段选择、预处理方法、变量筛选及建模方法对TFA含量预测模型进行优化.采用AntarisⅡ傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪在4000~10000 cm-1光谱范围采集98个食用植物油样本的近红外透射光谱,然后采用气相色谱法测定TFA的真实含量.首先,对样本原始光谱进行波段、预处理方法优选;在此基础上,采用竞争自适应重加权法(Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)筛选TFA相关的重要变量,最后应用主成分回归、偏最小二乘和最小二乘支持向量机方法分别建立食用植物油中TFA含量的预测模型.研究结果表明,近红外光谱技术检测食用植物油中的TFA含量是可行的,优化后的最佳预测模型的校正集和预测集R2分别为0.992和0.989,RMSEC和RMSEP分别为0.071%和0.075%.最佳预测模型所用的变量仅26个,占全波段变量的0.854%.此外,与全波段偏最小二乘预测模型相比,其预测集R2由0.904上升为0.989,RMSEP由0.230%下降为0.075%.由此表明,模型优化非常必要,CARS能有效筛选TFA相关的重要变量,极大减少建模变量数,从而简化预测模型,并较大提高预测模型的精度和稳定性.     

Determination of Basic Nitrogen in Residues of Crude Oil Distillation Using ATR-FTIR and Chemometric Methods

A method for basic nitrogen determination in residues of crude oil distillation using infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics algorithms was developed. Interval partial least squares, synergy interval partial least squares, and backward interval partial least squares were evaluated for calibration model construction. The samples were divided into a calibration and prediction set containing 40 and 15 samples, respectively. The first derivative with a Savitzky-Golay filter and the mean centered data showed the best results and were used in all calibration models. The backward interval partial least squares algorithm with spectra divided in 60 intervals and combinations of 4 intervals (1407 to 1372; 1117 to 1082; 971 to 936; 914 to 879 cm^?1) showed the best root mean square error of prediction of 0.016 wt%. This calibration model displayed a suitable correlation coefficient between reference and predicted values.     

近红外光谱-径向基神经网络在异烟肼片无损定量分析中的应用

应用异烟肼片粉末的近红外漫反射光谱数据分别结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)和径向基神经网络(RBFNN)建立定量分析模型,并用所建模型对预测集样品进行了预测,结果表明:应用RBFNN所建立的定量分析模型优于PLS模型,相关系数(r)值由0.99593提高到0.99734,交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)值由0.00523下降到0.00423,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)值由0.00614下降到0.00501。     

Characterization of Gasoline by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Chemometrics

Automotive fuel adulteration is an old and significant problem. One common type of fuel adulteration is the addition of diesel to gasoline. Unsupervised models were developed through hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis models. Supervised models through partial least square discriminant analysis using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra as the input were used to classify samples as adulterated or unadulterated. Quantitative models were developed using partial least squares to determine the gasoline and diesel concentrations in the samples. This set contained samples composed of pure gasoline and anhydrous ethanol reproducing commercial gasoline and other samples treated with diesel. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis did not distinguish between adulterated and unadulterated samples except for the most adulterated materials. However, partial least square discriminant analysis classified 100% of the samples correctly. The partial least square algorithm provided excellent regression models for the gasoline and diesel content. The determination coefficient was 0.9920 for both models, whereas the root mean square error of cross-validation and root mean square error of prediction for the diesel model were 2.32 and 1.42%, respectively, and 2.40 and 1.38% for the gasoline model.     

Determination of polyphenols in oats by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy

Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to determine the polyphenol content in oat grain. A partial least squares (PLS) algorithm was used to perform the calibration. A total of 116 representative oat samples from four locations in China were prepared and the corresponding near-infrared spectra were measured. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy was employed to select wavelength bands for the PLS regression model for the polyphenol determination. The number of PLS components and intervals was optimized according to the coefficients of determination (R²) and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) in the calibration set. The performance of the final model was evaluated using the correlation coefficient (R) and the root mean square error of validation (RMSEV) in the prediction set. The results showed the band corresponding to the optimal calibration model was between 1350 and 1848?nm and the optimal spectral preprocessing combination was second derivative with second smoothing. The optimal regression model was obtained with an R² of 0.8954 and an RMSECV of 0.06651 in the calibration set and R of 0.9614 and RMSEV of 0.04573 in the prediction set. These measurements reveal the calibration model had qualified predictive accuracy. The results demonstrated that the 2DCOS with PLS was a simple and rapid method for the quantitative determination of polyphenols in oats.     

QSAR Studies on the COX-2 Inhibition by 3,4-Diarylcycloxazolones Based on MEDV Descriptor

Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) might avoid the side effects of current available nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs while retaining their therapeutic efficacy. A novel variable selection and modeling method based on prediction is developed to construct the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) between the molecular electronegativity distance vector (MEDV) based on 13 atomic types and the biological activities of a set of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory molecules, 3,4-diarylcycloxazolones (DAA) plus indomethacin,naproxen, and celecoxib. Using multiple linear regression, a 5-variable linear model is developed with the calibrated correlation coefficient of 0.9271 and root mean square error of 0.17 in modeling stage and the validated correlation coefficient of 0.9030 and root mean square error of 0.20 in leave-one-out validation step, respectively. To further test the predictive ability of the model, 20 DAA compounds are picked up to construct a training set which is used to build a QSAR model and then the model is employed to predict the biological activities of the balance compounds. The predicted correlation coefficient and root mean square error are 0.9332 and 0.19, respectively.     

近红外光谱技术结合竞争自适应重加权采样变量选择算法快速测定土壤水解性氮含量

为了能够快速准确地掌握整个昆明地区土壤水解性氮含量的情况,收集963个不同类型的土壤样品,采用竞争自适应重加权采样(Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)变量选择方法筛选波长变量,并建立水解性氮的偏最小二乘法(Partial least squares,PLS)分析模型。结果表明,采用CARS方法优选波长变量后,模型参数有所改善,交互验证标准偏差(Root mean square error of cross validation,RMSECV)由31.63降至25.55,交互验证相关系数(Correlation coefficientof cross validation,R_(cv))由0.78提升至0.84,且模型外部验证结果与内部交叉验证结果基本一致。研究结果表明近红外光谱技术结合CARS分法,在大量代表性样品建模下,能够有效建立昆明地区不同土壤类型的水解性氮含量的近红外数学模型,方法可推广应用于土壤其他组分的近红外检测,具有重要的指导意义。