分子亲脂-亲水性的量子化学描述II. 氨基酸侧链的亲水指标和亲脂指标

在启发式亲脂势HMLP(heuristicmolecularlipophilicitypotential)的基础上提出了分子、分子片段和原子的亲水指标和亲脂指标.计算出了20个天然氨基酸侧链的亲水、亲脂指标和亲水、亲脂表面积,并用线性自由能函数表达氨基酸侧链的溶剂化自由能,?Gsol,=b0 b1Li b2Hi b3Si b4Si.应用线性自由能函数和氨基酸侧链的亲水和亲脂! -i指标,计算了20个氨基酸残基的3种相转移自由能(蒸气-水、蒸气-正辛醇、正辛醇-水)和正辛醇-水分配系数logPow,取得了与实验值高度一致的良好效果.HMLP的亲水和亲脂指标是HMLP的指标化,扩展了这一方法的使用范围.氨基酸侧链的亲水、亲脂指标和线性自由能函数有望用于生物大分子受体与配体的结合自由能的估算、蛋白质的结构与功能、蛋白-蛋白相互作用和识别的研究.     

分子亲脂-亲水性的量子化学描述(Ⅰ)——分子的亲脂和亲水表面

给出基于分子结构的“启发式”亲脂-亲水势HMLP(Heuristic molecular lipophilicity-hydrophilicity potential)的理论分析和有说服力的算例.用量子化学计算其分子表面的静电势V(r)的分布,通过与周围原子表面静电势的比较,构造表达分子静电势的极性和大小的函数L(r).亲脂势L(r)保留了静电势V(r)描述分子静电作用的能力,并把应用范围扩展到疏水性的描述.HMLP不使用原子的经验参数,但在L(r)的构造中使用了经验的函数形式.经参数化和指标化后,HMLP有望用于蛋白质结构与功能的研究和药物分子配体与生物大分子受体结合自由能的估算.     

钴(II)-联吡啶-α-氨基酸的热力学和动力学研究

关于联吡啶为第一配体的二元、三元配合物的热力学和动力学性质的研究,以铜（Ⅱ）作为中心离子最为多见,而以钴（Ⅱ）作为中心离子的报导较少．实验表明,过渡金属钻（Ⅱ）能与大多数的生物配体、大π共轭体系形成相当稳定的二元、三元配合物,是生物功能模拟的一个具有应用价值的中心离子·钴（Ⅱ）卟啉可以代替铁（Ⅱ）卟啉,模拟血红蛋白、肌红蛋白[1],在生物体内起到输送氧的作用．为了充分了解钴（Ⅱ）与生物配体的配伍能力、配位方式以及其配位过程的动态行为,为推动钴（Ⅱ）配合物及其生物功能的模拟研究,本文分别采用PH电位法…     

疏水-亲脂相互作用对反应性的影响2.长链分子簇集和绕曲的溶剂效应

研究了一系列不同链长的对硝基苯酚羧酸酯在十种有机溶剂和水的二元混合溶剂中的水解反应,有机溶剂的体积含量分别为30％(Φ=0.30)和50％(Φ=0.50).结果表明,在Φ=0.50的各溶剂体系中,只有乙二醇-水和二甲亚砜-水体系,十六酸酯的水解速度才因受物分子的簇集绕曲而减慢.而在Φ=0.30的各溶剂体系中,除t-BuOH-H_2O体系外,十六酸酯全都存在簇集和绕曲现象,水解速度因此而受抑制的程度有如下次序:乙二醇>二甲亚砜>乙二醇单甲醚>二甲基甲酰胺～乙二醇二甲醚>二氧六环>乙醇～丙酮～乙腈>叔丁醇.如以log(k_(C8)/k_(a16))值作为衡量溶剂对受物的疏水-亲脂作用大小的定量标准,则发现各log(k_(C8)/k_(a16))和有机溶剂的介电常数ε,溶剂极性标度Kosower’s Z值,Dimroth’sE_T(30)值及Taft’s π值都不相关,但和Rekker的疏水常数f值却有较好的相关关系.这说明在这些“促簇性”溶剂中,控制长链酯水解的主要因素是疏水-亲脂相互作用,而和溶剂的极性无直接关系.此外,还讨论了不同比例的二元溶剂体系中水解的活化参数△S,△H.本工作首次提供了Rekker疏水常数应用于研究有机化合物反应性的实例.     

疏水-亲脂相互作用对反应性的影响5.长链硫醇和长链羧酸酯酯交换反应的接近效应

本工作研究了不同链长羧酸的对硝基及其它取代苯与不同链长硫醇间的酯交换反应动力学,所用溶剂为Me2SO-H2O,CH3COCH2-H2O及C2H5OH-H2O混合体系,在Me2SO-H2O中,长链硫醇和长链酯之间的反应速度比相应的短链硫醇与短链酯,长链硫醇与短链酯及短链硫醇和长链酯之间的反应速度快得多,这是由于疏水-亲脂相互作用使两个反应物分子互相接近而引起的加速效应,这种接近效应依赖于溶剂组成。在Me2SO-H2O中,接近效应随Me2SO含量增加而迅速减小;在良溶剂体系中,不存在接近效应,在Φ=0.45Me2SO中,十二硫醇相对于丁硫醇的加速效应约为160倍。     

配位化合物分子内配体间的疏水缔合作用(Ⅱ)——镉(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)-邻二氮菲-氨基酸体系

pH电位法研究了镉(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)与邻二氮菲和甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和色氨酸等配体在37℃、离子强度I=0.02(NaCl)条件下形成12组混配配合物的稳定常数。lgK_(MAB)~M、△lgK和lgX值表明,亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和色氨酸的混配配合物具有额外稳定性,并从配体间疏水缔合作用方面对该稳定性进行了重点讨论。     

聚合物侧基的双分子亲核取代反应——含α-氨基酸手性配体的丙烯酸酯类不对称配位树脂的合成

由于外消旋化合物通过含手性配体的不对称配位树脂进行光学拆分已有一些完全成功的报道,因而近年来研制和开拓具有不同配体,尤其是含有α-氨基酸的手性树脂已引起人们极大兴趣,考虑到丙烯酸酯类为母体的手性树脂具有价廉易得、亲水性好、配     

镍(II)同α-氨基酸及草酸根生成二元配合物的热力学及热化学研究所

在25.0±0.1 ℃及0.1 mol·dm~(-3)(KNO_3)的条件下应用pH法测定了镍(Ⅱ)与L-脯氨酸。L-缬氨酸,α-氨基异丁酸和草酸根生成二元配合物的稳定常数。并在相同条件下用量热法测定了这些二元配合物的生成热及草酸根的质子化热。对草酸根的质子化热的吸热机理进行了初步的理论探讨。     

ChemInform Abstract: Quantum Molecular Interpretation of Photodetachment and Photodepletion Spectra of Small Alkali Metal Clusters.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.     

ChemInform Abstract: From Molecular to One-Dimensional Polychalcogenides: Preparation,Structure, and Reactivity of NaNbS6, the First Ternary Alkali Metal Niobium Polychalcogenide Exhibiting Infinite Anionic Chains.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.     

Bis(dicarbollide) Complexes of Transition Metals as a Platform for Molecular Switches. Study of Complexation of 8,8′-Bis(methylsulfanyl) Derivatives of Cobalt and Iron Bis(dicarbollides)

Complexation of the 8,8′-bis(methylsulfanyl) derivatives of cobalt and iron bis(dicarbollides) [8,8′-(MeS)₂-3,3′-M(1,2-C₂B₉H₁₀)₂]⁻ (M = Co, Fe) with copper, silver, palladium and rhodium leads to the formation of the corresponding chelate complexes, which is accompanied by a transition from the transoid to the cisoid conformation of the bis(dicarbollide) complex. This transition is reversible and can be used in design of coordination-driven molecular switches based on transition metal bis(dicarbollide) complexes. The solid-state structures of {(Ph₃P)ClPd[8,8′- (MeS)₂-3,3′-Co(1,2-C₂B₉H₁₀)₂-κ²-S,S′]} and {(COD)Rh[8,8′-(MeS)₂-3,3′-Co(1,2-C₂B₉H₁₀)₂-κ²-S,S′]} were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.     

ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Stability of Gaseous Ternary Oxides of Group 14-16 Elements and Related Oxides of Group 15 Elements: Mass Spectrometric and Quantum Chemical Study.

The formation of the new compounds PbTeO₃, PbTe₂O₅, Pb₂TeO₄, and Pb₂Te₂O₆ is observed in the gas phase by heating a mixture of solid PbO and TeO₂ at 1063 K using a mass-spectrometric Knudsen-cell method.     

Chemical Approaches for Studying the Biology and Pharmacology of Membrane Transporters: The Histidine/Large Amino Acid Transporter SLC7A5 as a Benchmark

The localization of membrane transporters at the forefront of natural barriers makes these proteins very interesting due to their involvement in the absorption and distribution of nutrients and xenobiotics, including drugs. Over the years, structure/function relationship studies have been performed employing several strategies, including chemical modification of exposed amino acid residues. These approaches are very meaningful when applied to membrane transporters, given that these proteins are characterized by both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains with a different degree of accessibility to employed chemicals. Besides basic features, the chemical targeting approaches can disclose information useful for pharmacological applications as well. An eminent example of this picture is the histidine/large amino acid transporter SLC7A5, known as LAT1 (Large Amino Acid Transporter 1). This protein is crucial in cell life because it is responsible for mediating the absorption and distribution of essential amino acids in peculiar body districts, such as the blood brain barrier and placenta. Furthermore, LAT1 can recognize a large variety of molecules of pharmacological interest and is also considered a hot target for drugs due to its over-expression in virtually all human cancers. Therefore, it is not surprising that the chemical targeting approach, coupled with bioinformatics, site-directed mutagenesis and transport assays, proved fundamental in describing features of LAT1 such as the substrate binding site, regulatory domains and interactions with drugs that will be discussed in this review. The results on LAT1 can be considered to have general applicability to other transporters linked with human diseases.     

ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Stability of the Gaseous Species LiAlCl4, Li2AlCl5 and LiAl2Cl7 — Mass Spectrometric and Quantum Chemical Studies.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.     

ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Bonding in the Aluminum Radical Species Al×NH3, HAlNH2, HAlNH2×NH3, and Al(NH2)2 Studied by Means of Matrix IR Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.