顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法测定化妆品中α-氯甲苯

该文建立了一种适用于含苯扎氯铵的化妆品中α-氯甲苯的测定方法。首先通过气相色谱－质谱联用 法（GC－MS）剖析苯扎氯铵热分解产物的成分,确证了苯扎氯铵类化合物在气相进样口会分解产生α-氯甲苯。 采用气液平衡的顶空进样方式,并通过优化顶空进样参数、色谱分离和质谱测定条件,建立了一种化妆品中 α-氯甲苯的新型分析方法。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为80 ℃和30 min,样品于顶空瓶中用8 mL水和1. 0 g 氯化钠分散,以 HP－INNOWax 色谱柱（60 m × 0. 25 mm × 0. 25 μm）分离,采用选择离子监测模式（SIM）检 测,外标法定量。结果显示：α-氯甲苯在0. 01～5. 00 μg/mL质量浓度范围内与对应的峰面积呈良好的线性关 系（r = 0. 999）,方法检出限和定量下限分别为0. 02 μg/g和0. 05 μg/g,加标回收率为91. 3%～98. 8%,相对标 准偏差（RSD）为1. 5%～4. 9%。该方法操作简便,快速,灵敏度高,专一性好,能有效解决现有方法假阳性干 扰的问题,适用于各种化妆品中α-氯甲苯的准确测定。     

气相色谱-质谱法研究敌百虫在气相色谱分析过程中产生的分解产物

利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对敌百虫在气相色谱分析过程中产生的分解产物进行定性研究。通过质谱解析鉴定出敌百虫的分解产物有三氯乙醛、磷酸二甲酯和敌敌畏。研究了气相色谱条件如进样口温度、柱温升温速率、进样方式对敌百虫分解产物的影响。实验结果表明:这3种因素对敌百虫的稳定性均有不同程度的影响,其中进样口温度是导致敌百虫分解的主要因素,进样口温度越高,敌百虫的分解量就越大。     

应用响应曲面试验设计法研究克百威气相色谱测定中的色谱行为

应用响应曲面试验设计法研究了气相色谱不同的进样方式,包括常规分流不分流进样以及柱头进样对克百威色谱行为的影响。通过构建模型,对试验的影响因子包括进样口温度、初始柱温和栽气流速对克百威色谱行为的相对重要性进行了评价。并利用面积归一化方法,对进样口温度和初始柱温对克百成分解的影响进行了定量评价和探讨。结果表明：在常规进样方式中,进样口温度和初始柱温是影响克百威分解的主要因素。通过色谱条件的优化,解决了常规进样不能解决的克百威的热分解问题。     

在线液相-气相二维色谱测定卷烟主流烟气中的苯并[a]芘

建立了在线液相-气相二维色谱测定卷烟主流烟气中的苯并[a]芘方法.采用剑桥滤片捕集烟气粒相物,环己烷萃取,以D12-苯并[a]芘为内标,然后用在线液相-气相二维色谱测定:样品直接进样进入液相色谱,经微型硅胶柱分离,含苯并[a]芘的部位切割进人气相色谱,排干溶剂后启动气相色谱升温,经毛细管柱进行分离,用质谱检测.本方法将烟气苯并[a]芘测定中的硅胶柱层析和气相色谱-质谱分析在线连接起来,可不经样品前处理净化直接进样分析;而且每次进样可达40 μL,与常规气相色谱-质谱分析最大进样2.0 μ.L相比,分析灵敏度提高了20倍.方法线性范围达0.08～ 50 ng/L,相关系数为r2=0.999,回收率为94.2％～105.5％;检出限和定量限分别为0.09和0.30 ng/支,应用本方法对14个不同类型市售卷烟和2R4F标准烟进行了测定,结果与GB/T21130-2007测定结果相符合.     

大体积进样技术在气相色谱-质谱法测定 二英类化合物中的应用

利用大体积进样技术(large volume injection,LVI),结合气相色谱-质谱方法对二英的测定效果进行了研究。同时与传统分流/不分流进样技术进行了对比。对进样体积为1,5,10,25,50和100 μL的色谱图进行了分析。研究表明使用大体积进样方式,在不影响色谱分离度的同时,大幅度提高了分析灵敏度。通过对土壤样品的检测,证明该方法可以用于环境样品的实际测定。     

分散固相萃取-在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱-质谱联用法快速检测紫菜中的农药多残留

建立了紫菜中农药多残留的在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱-质谱联用(GPC-GC/MS)检测方法。以有机氯、有机磷、三嗪类和菊酯类的19种农药为目标物,对比了丙酮、丙酮/二氯甲烷(1∶1,v/v)和乙腈3种有机溶剂的提取效果,通过石墨化炭黑粉(GCB)和N-丙基乙二胺粉(PSA)分散固相萃取净化和GPC在线净化,气相色谱-质谱联用法分析,外标法定量。结果表明,此方法实现了在线净化与分析检测的自动化,缩短了分析时间。分析物在10~1000μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r>0.995;采取GPC大体积进样和气相色谱进样口的程序升温方式提高了检测灵敏度,检出限为0.005~0.03 mg/kg。方法的平均添加回收率在70%~120%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于15%。该方法简单、快速、具有良好的回收率和重复性,适用于紫菜样品中农药多残留的快速灵敏检测。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水源水中1,3,5-三氯苯

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对饮用水源水中1,3,5-三氯苯进行了测定。以1,2-二氯苯-d4为内标,用PDMS萃取头顶空萃取20min,萃取头于气相色谱进样口解析5min。采用DB-624色谱柱在程序升温条件下进行分离,质谱分析中采用电子轰击离子源(230℃,70eV)及选择离子监测模式测定。结果表明:1,3,5-三氯苯在0.100～2.50μg.L-1范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)为0.019μg.L-1。方法用于河流及水库水中的1,3,5-三氯苯的测定,加标回收率在91.5%～126.0%之间。     

柱头进样结合气相色谱质谱分析动物源食品中热不稳定性氨基甲酸酯类农药

对柱头进样结合气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)应用于复杂基体中热不稳定性氨基甲酸酯农药检测的可行性及可靠性进行了探讨.在常规不分流进样和柱头进样模式下,对13种氨基甲酸酯类农药的热不稳定性进行了比较.以猪肉、鸡蛋、牛奶为研究基体,采用乙腈提取,凝胶渗透色谱结合中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,柱头进样-GC/MS检测.研究表明:...     

固相萃取/在线热解吸-气相色谱法分析水样中苯系物

制备了Fe/Si O2/PDMS颗粒填充固相萃取柱,并建立了固相萃取/在线热解吸-气相色谱联用测定水样中痕量苯系物的分析方法。采用电磁感应加热技术在线热解吸固相萃取柱富集的苯系物,并直接引入气相色谱进样口进行分离定量。各苯系物在0.1~20 ng/L范围内线性关系良好,其相关系数(r)为0.999 2~0.999 6,对1 ng/L各苯系物测定的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为2.0%~4.4%,检出限为0.03~0.05 ng/L。     

气相色谱反吹法分析二氨基二苯甲烷产品中的微量苯胺

利用气相色谱反吹技术,针对二氨基二苯甲烷产品的高沸点、多组分、粘度大的特点,采用氢火焰检测器;安装六通阀、锥形阀、电磁阀,实现气路转换、气路平衡、气路反吹功能;筛选多种色谱柱,调节进样口温度、柱箱温度、反吹时间等:选用SE-30填充柱(3 m×3 mm),进样口温度280℃,检测器温度280℃,柱箱温度100℃(1 min)-40℃/min-120℃(0.1 min)-60℃/min-260℃(4 min),在2.8 min开启反吹,反吹时间3.6 min。苯胺含量在0.096~3.110 mg/m L之间呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9916,检出限为13.04μg/m L,样品加标回收率在93.5%~106.3%之间,RSD小于4.4%.实验验证反吹气路和分析方法的可行性,方法适用于工业分析。     

Optimisation of the connection between TA-MS systems together with improved data interpretation for TA-MS applications

TA-MS provides chemical and thermal response information. In order for this information to be meaningful sampling must be performed with minimum dead volume and without cold spots. Dead volume leads to response lag and peak broadening. Cold spots result in sample condensation, leading to inaccurate data and potentially inlet blockage. This paper describes a hot zone inlet system and 'in-situ' probe both of which provide fast response, zero dead volume sampling directly to the MS. The paper also discusses data interpretation methodologies and introduces 'soft ionisation' as a means of providing simplified analysis of complex mixtures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

High precision trace analysis in capillary gas-liquid chromatography using an inlet based on the static solvent effect

A sample inlet, based on the static solvent effect has been designed and constructed. The inlet can handle samples up to 20 μl which allows for the detection, using an F. I. D., of constituents in the parts per billion range. The reproducibility of the inlet in terms of peak percentage area is around 1% relative standard deviation over a range of chemical types.     

Continuous on-line determination of methyl tert-butyl ether in water samples using ion mobility spectrometry

A rapid analytical procedure for the on-line determination of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in water samples was developed. A new membrane extraction unit was used to extract the MTBE from water samples. The concentration of MTBE was determined using ion mobility spectrometry with 63Ni ionization and corona discharge ionization without chromatographic separation. Both ionization methods permit the sensitive determination of MTBE. A detection limit of 100 microg/L was established for the on-line procedure. Neither the inorganic compounds, humic substances nor gasoline were found to exert a significant influence on the peak intensity of the MTBE. The screening procedure can be used for concentrations of monoaromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, xylene) up to 600 microg/L. No sample preparation is required and the analysis results are available within 5 min. In order to determine concentrations between 10 microg/L and 100 microg/L, a discontinuous procedure was developed on the basis of the same experimental set-up.     

膜进样质谱技术及其应用

膜进样质谱(MIMS)具有简单、快速和高灵敏等优点,在现场检测中的应用日益广泛.该技术利用半透膜将目标化合物从复杂的气相、液相体系中选择性分离后进入质谱进行分析检测.由于其可在不经色谱分离和样品前处理条件下实现复杂实际样品的分析,特别适合于现场应用.该文综述了膜进样质谱的原理和主要组成,重点论述了膜进样-单光子软电离质谱方面的技术进展以及膜进样质谱在环境、生态学、生命科学、生物等领域的应用进展.最后,对膜进样质谱今后的发展趋势进行了总结和展望.     

Measurement of inorganic acids with rotating ball inlet mass spectrometry

Using a new acid resistant inlet we have evaluated the use of rotating ball inlet mass spectrometry (ROBIN-MS) as a tool for the measurement of inorganic acids in aqueous solution. EI-spectra of sulfuric, sulfurous, nitric, perchloric, bromic, iodic and boric acids were recorded and interpreted with respect to preionization decomposition and electron impact fragmentation. With the exception of sulfuric acid the detection limits for these acids were in the order of 1 mM and the response times are in the order of 1 s. Sulfuric acid had a significantly higher detection limit and response time than the other acids. No mass spectrum of phosphoric acid could be detected. High concentrations of phosphoric acid reduced the signals of other acids. HCl formed by decomposition of perchloric acid caused a strong and slowly recovering decrease of the sensitivity of the mass spectrometer. Sodium sulfate or sodium nitrate in neutral solution did not yield any mass spectrum. The intensity of the sulfuric acid peak of acid solutions of sodium sulfate was measured at different molar ratios of sodium and sulfate. The results indicate that the evaporation of such samples leaves a remnant containing three molecules of sulfuric acid per sodium ion. Similar measurements on acid solutions of sodium nitrate indicate that the remnant contains one molecule of nitric acid per sodium ion.     

A Comparison of Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry and Nitric Oxide (NO) Electrode Techniques to Detect NO in Aqueous Solution

The NO electrode and membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) have the advantage of being sensitive, direct, and real time detectors of NO in aqueous solution. They do not require reacting NO with labels or purging of NO with an inert gas. We show that the NO electrode and MIMS are comparable in sensitivity detecting NO concentrations to 0.5 nM in aqueous solution, and both give identical results in a biological measurement, the reactions of deoxyhemoglobin with nitrite.     

Initial bandwidth resulting from splitless and solid phase microextraction gas chromatographic injections

The initial width of the injected solute bands is a major determinant of the final measured peak width. While the individual processes contributing to this intial width have been observed and described qualitatively by many authors, little attention has been focused on their quantitative relationship. Using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and splitless injections of a hydrocarbon test mixutre the contributions to overall peak variance in SPME and splitless injections can be separated and quantitated. In SPME, it is seen that thermal focusing or rapid desorption must serve to provide focused bands. In splitless, thermal fucusing and solvent effects provide focusing. Variance contributions for each of these are calculated and shown.     

Third order Randić index of phenylenes

Let PH denote a phenylene, whose third order Randić index is denoted by ³χ(P H). The expression of ³χ(P H) in terms of their inlet features is found.     

快速测量挥发性有机物的膜进样-飞行时间质谱仪的设计和应用

研制了一种膜进样-微型飞行时间质谱仪, 该仪器使用双层50 μm硅橡胶膜作为大气压下直接进样的接口. 实验结果表明, 随着样品流速的提高, 膜富集效率信号强度呈线性提高. 双膜中间具有真空差分系统, 富集得到的样品被迅速抽走, 进样系统中样品无记忆效应. 样品在膜中的响应时间为100 s, 而打开差分系统后仅需10 s信号即下降为平稳状态. 与毛细管直接进样相比, 双层膜的富集作用显著, 在相同的实验条件下使用膜进样技术测定10×10-6 (体积分数)苯、甲苯和对二甲苯的信号强度分别提高了280, 370和600倍. 膜进样系统与真空紫外光软电离方式联用, 对于苯的检出限已经达到了25×10-9 (体积分数), 线性范围为3个数量级. 由于采用了软电离方法, 无碎片离子产生, 所以能够根据分子量进行快速定性分析. 将该仪器应用于香烟主烟气中可挥发性有机物的在线分析, 得到50多种可挥发性的有机物. 实验结果表明, 膜进样-飞行时间质谱将在在线分析(特别是环境监测)方面具有广泛的应用空间.     

Increased size‐sorting performance in gravitational SPLITT by using a pinched sample inlet design

Split‐flow thin fractionation is a continuous, flow‐assisted separation technique for sorting macromolecules and particulate matter on a preparative scale. On reducing the thickness of the sample inlet conduit of a gravitational split‐flow thin fractionation channel, size‐sorting performance is found to increase since particles that are continuously fed into the channel can be more rapidly compressed toward the upper wall of the channel. Experiments are carried out by measuring the number percentage of particles eluted at each outlet as a function of different thickness values of the sample inlet conduit. The effects that the total thickness of the gravitational split‐flow thin fractionation channel and the sample feed concentration have on the size‐fractionation performance are examined with the goal of determining the best pinched sample inlet, gravitational split‐flow thin fractionation channel design.