β-环糊精及其衍生物对灯盏花乙素增溶作用的研究

采用相溶解度法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD),及其衍生物羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)、磺丁基醚-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)、单6-脱氧-氨基-β-环糊精(NH2-β-CD)和单6-脱氧-乙二胺-β-环糊精(en-β-CD)对灯盏花乙素的增溶作用,并测定了主-客体分子形成包合物的平衡常数。结果表明,当灯盏花乙素与上述5种环糊精形成可溶性包合物时,对应的相溶解度曲线均为AL型,说明其与环糊精的包合比均为1∶1;多种弱相互作用力协同作用于环糊精的包结配位过程,环糊精衍生物的取代基影响了主-客体配位能力。5种环糊精主体化合物对灯盏花乙素客体分子的增溶能力的大小为:en-β-CD>NH2-β-CD>HP-β-CD>SBE-β-CD>β-CD。     

相溶解度法研究环糊精对蒽醌药物的增溶作用

通过相溶解度法,测定1,2-二氨基蒽醌、1,4-二氨基蒽醌和1,8-二羟基蒽醌在不同温度、不同浓度的β-环糊精(β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)以及羟乙基-β-环糊精(HE-β-CD)中的溶解度,绘制相溶解度曲线,并进行回收率及稳定性实验.实验结果表明:1,2-二氨基蒽醌、1,4-二氨基蒽醌和1,8-二羟基蒽醌的溶解度均随3种环糊精浓度的增加而呈线性增加,相溶解度曲线为AL型,蒽醌与环糊精形成的包合物类型为1∶1型,3种环糊精对蒽醌均有增溶作用,增溶效应顺序为HP-β-CDHE-β-CDβ-CD,与HP-β-CD作用顺序为1,2-二氨基蒽醌1,4-二氨基蒽醌1,8-二羟基蒽醌.     

相溶解度法研究环糊精对奥美沙坦酯的增溶作用

研究了3种环糊精对奥美沙坦酯药物的增溶效果。建立了高效液相色谱法测定环糊精溶液中奥美沙坦酯药物含量的方法,利用相溶解度法测定了奥美沙坦酯在不同浓度的β-环糊精(β-CD)、甲基-β-环糊精(M-β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)溶液中的溶解度,并绘制了相溶解度曲线。在0~15 mmol/L环糊精浓度范围内,奥美沙坦酯的溶解度随3种环糊精浓度的增加而线性增加,相溶解度曲线呈AL型,奥美沙坦酯与3种环糊精均是1:1的比例包合;3种环糊精对奥美沙坦酯均有显著的增溶作用且羟丙基-β-环糊精的增溶效果最佳,其次为甲基-β-环糊精和β-环糊精。     

磺丁基醚-β-环糊精手性流动相添加剂法拆分佐匹克隆对映体

采用磺丁基醚-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)为手性流动相添加剂,建立了反相高效液相色谱手性流动相添加剂法拆分分离佐匹克隆对映体的方法。在普通C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm×5.0μm)上,考察了水相pH、磺丁基醚-β-环糊精浓度、磷酸盐缓冲液浓度、甲醇含量、柱温等对佐匹克隆对映体拆分效果的影响。确定最适用的色谱条件:流动相为水相(5 mmol/L NaH2PO4,含磺丁基醚-β-环糊精5 mmo/L,以H3PO4调pH为3):甲醇=78:22(V/V),检测波长305nm,流速为1 mL/min,柱温为30℃,此条件下佐匹克隆对映体的保留时间分别为23.0和25.6 min,分离度为1.81。两对对映体质量浓度在0.04~0.36g/L范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9990),保留时间的RSD分别为0.73%和0.80%,峰面积的RSD分别为1.2%和1.1%。     

磺丁醚-β-环糊精/Fe3O4杂化的磁性纳米复合体的合成与表征

采用层层自组装法合成了一种新型的磺丁醚-β-环糊精/Fe3O4杂化的磁性纳米复合体(SBE-β-CD/Fe3O4 MNP).β-环糊精与1,4-丁磺酸内酯发生亲核取代反应得到磺丁醚-β-环糊精,柠檬酸进一步修饰磺丁醚-β-环糊精使其具有羧基基团,与阿拉伯胶修饰后的含有氨基的磁性纳米粒子进行脱水缩合制得SBE-β-CD/...     

荧光法研究葛根素与β-环糊精及其衍生物包合作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)、甲基-β-环糊精(M-β-CD)、磺丁基-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)在室温下、一定pH值的缓冲溶液中,对葛根素(puerarin)的包合作用.在固定葛根素溶液浓度和改变β-环糊精及其衍生物浓度的情况下,根据葛根素的荧光发射波长的变化、...     

荧光光谱法研究儿茶素与β-环糊精及其衍生物的包合作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)、甲基-β-环糊精(M-β-CD)、磺丁基-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)在室温下,及一定pH值的三酸缓冲溶液中对儿茶素的包合作用.在固定儿茶素浓度和改变β-CD及其衍生物浓度的情况下,儿茶素的荧光发射波长的变化以及荧光强度的增强表明了包合...     

荧光光谱法研究氢溴酸右美沙芬与β-环糊精及其衍生物的相互作用

应用荧光光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)及其衍生物甲基-β-环糊精(Me-β-CD)、磺丁基-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)与氢溴酸右美沙芬(DH)的包合作用。实验固定DH浓度和改变β-环糊精及其衍生物浓度,根据DH的发射波长的变化及荧光强度增敏现象确定了包合物的形成,根据双倒数法计算包合常数。实验结果表明:在pH为7.4的条件下,有三种环糊精对药物有明显的作用,这三种环糊精与氢溴酸右美沙芬形成了包合物且包合比均为1∶1。     

磺丁基醚-β-环糊精的微波辅助合成及结构表征

以1,4丁磺内酯、β-环糊精为原料,采用微波辐射加热及分步加碱的方法,探究了合成不同取代度磺丁基醚-β-环糊精的新工艺,并考察了初始加碱量对产物取代度的影响。合成工艺条件是:β-环糊精与1,4丁磺内酯的摩尔比分别为1∶1.1、1∶4、1∶8,反应温度为85℃,微波输出功率为400W,反应时间2~3h。该条件下所得产品的平均取代度分别为1.12、3.96、6.83,收率分别为86.3%、85.6%、85.1%。采用红外、核磁氢谱、质谱和毛细管电泳技术对合成的产品进行结构表征及取代度计算。结果表明,该新工艺合成了特定取代度的磺丁基醚-β-环糊精,而且与传统合成工艺相比,具有反应时间短、用碱量少、反应条件温和等优点。     

荧光光谱法研究维生素B_1与β-环糊精及其衍生物的包合作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)、甲基-β-环糊精(M-β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)、磺丁基-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)对维生素B_1的包合作用.在固定维生素B_1浓度和改变环糊精及其衍生物浓度的情况下,维生素B_1的荧光发射波长的变化以及荧光强度的增强表明了包合物的形成,用荧光双倒数法计算了环糊精及其衍生物与维生素B_1的包合常数.实验结果表明:在pH=7.4的体系中,β-环糊精对维生素B_1的包合能力最强,且四种环糊精与维生素B_1的包合物的包合比均为1∶1.     

Evaluation the effect of cyclodextrin complexation on aqueous solubility of fluorometholone to achieve ophthalmic solution

In this study, the effect of different CDs including α-CD, β-CD, γ-CD, hydroxypropyl β-CD (HP β-CD), sulphobutylether β-CD (SBE β-CD) and HP γ-CD on aqueous solubility of fluorometholone (Flu) was investigated. Also the phase solubility studies were performed in the presence of eye drop excipients such as benzalkonium chloride, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and buffers. The aqueous solubility of Flu was increased by 8, 15, 5, 100, 65 and 135 folds in the presence of 20% w/v α-CD, β-CD, γ-CD, HP β-CD, HP γ-CD and SBE β-CD, respectively. Aqueous solubility of Flu was 0.43 ± 0.08 and 1.16 ± 0.04 mg/mL in systems containing 5% w/v HP γ-CD and SBE β-CD, respectively. The aqueous solubility of Flu in the presence of HP γ-CD was not influenced by buffer type while the phosphate buffer caused a reduction in the aqueous solubility in the presence of SBE-β-CD. Also, investigations on the solubility of Flu in water in the presence of 5% HP γ-CD and SBE-β-CD and the additives such as benzalkonium chloride and HPMC indicated that these components had no remarkable effect on the aqueous solubility of Flu. In conclusion, CD complexation is able to improve the aqueous solubility of Flu and it would be possible to prepare ophthalmic solution of Flu by this method.     

The effect of cyclodextrin mixtures on aqueous solubility of beclomethasone dipropionate

The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of natural, synthetic cyclodextrins (CDs) and CD mixtures on aqueous solubility of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP). The phase solubility studies were done in the presence of 6 CDs. Furthermore, aqueous solubility of BDP was tested in the presence of CD mixtures. The solubility of BDP in water was increased by 30, 77, 155 and 30 folds in the solution containing 20%?w/v α-CD, hydroxylpropyl β-CD (HP-β-CD), hydroxypropyl γ-CD (HP-γ-CD) and sulphobutylether β-CD (SBE-β-CD), respectively. CD mixtures had remarkable effect on the aqueous solubility of BDP so that solubility in water increased between 200 and 1,500 times in the presence of different CD mixtures. Further addition of sodium acetate to the solubilisation medium reduced the aqueous solubility. In conclusion, CD complexation was able to improve the aqueous solubility of BDP. The synergistic effect of cyclodextrin mixture was observed.     

Physicochemical characterization of terbinafine-cyclodextrin complexes in solution and in the solid state

Terbinafine (TB) is an allylamine derivative used as oral and topical antifungal agent. The physicochemical properties of the complexes between TB and different cyclodextrins (CDs): α-CD, β-CD, hydroxypropylβ-CD, methylβ-CD and γ-CD, have been studied in pH 12 aqueous solutions at 25 °C and in the solid state. Different phase solubility profiles of TB in the presence of CDs have been obtained: A_L type for TB with hydroxypropylβ-CD and γ-CD, A_P type for the complexes with methylβ-CD and α-CD, while a B_S profile was found for TB-β-CD. The apparent stability constants of the complexes were calculated at 25 °C from the phase solubility diagrams. The higher increase of TB solubility, up to 200-fold, together with the higher value of the stability constant were found for the complex with methylβ-CD. Solid systems of 1:1 drug:CD molar ratio were prepared and characterised using X-ray diffraction patterns, thermal analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The coevaporation method can be considered the best method in preparing these solid complexes. The complexes of TB with natural CDs, except with α-CD, were crystalline, whereas the methyl and hydroxypropyl derivatives gave rise to amorphous phases. Dissolution rate studies have been performed with TB-β-CD and TB-HPβ-CD complexes, showing a positive influence of complexation on the drug dissolution.     

Effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexation on the aqueous solubility, structure, thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibition of paeonol

The objective of this paper is to study the effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) complexation on the aqueous solubility, structure, thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibition of paeonol (PAE). The inclusion complex (PAE-HP-β-CD complex) of HP-β-CD and PAE was prepared by a freeze-drying method. Phase solubility tests showed that the stability constant of the inclusion complex was about 33.8?M^?1 at 25?°C. The experimental results of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) suggested that PAE was included by HP-β-CD to form the PAE-HP-β-CD complex. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the thermal stability of PAE was improved when it was complexed with HP-β-CD. Comparing the antioxidant activity of PAE with that of the PAE-HP-β-CD complex at the same concentration revealed that the complex of PAE with HP-β-CD was better able to eliminate radical. Furthermore, the experimental results revealed that the formation of a complex with HP-β-CD increased the water solubility of PAE, improving its apparent inhibitive activity of tyrosinase.     

Preparation, characterization and pharmacodynamic activity of supramolecular and colloidal systems of rosuvastatin–cyclodextrin complexes

In the present study influence of nature of selected cyclodextrins (CDs) and of methods of preparation of drug–CD complexes on the oral bioavailability, in vitro dissolution studies and pharmacodynamic activity of a sparingly water soluble drug rosuvastatin (RVS) was investigated. Phase solubility studies were conducted to find the interaction of RVS with β-CD and its derivatives, which indicated the formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex. The apparent stability constant (K_1:1) calculated from phase solubility diagram were in the rank order of β-CD < hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) < randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RM-β-CD). Equimolar drug–CD solid complexes prepared by different methods were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). FTIR study demonstrated the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and ordering of the molecule between RVS and CDs in inclusion complexes. DSC and XRD analysis confirmed formation of inclusion complex by freeze dried method with HP-β-CD and RM-β-CD. Aqueous solubility and dissolution studies indicated improved dissolution rates of prepared complexes in comparison with drug alone. Moreover, CD complexes demonstrated of significant improvement in reducing total cholesterol and triglycerides levels as compared to pure drug. However the in vivo results only partially agreed with those obtained from phase solubility studies.     

Effect of hydrophilic polymer on complexing efficiency of cyclodextrins towards efavirenz-characterization and thermodynamic parameters

The present work describes the effect of PVP on the complexation efficiency of cyclodextrins towards efavirenz, a poorly soluble antiretroviral agent imparting irritating sensation to buccal cavity. The phase solubility study indicates 1:1 stoichiometry for binary and ternary systems. DSC and XRPD revealed complete inclusion only in the lyophilized systems. The ternary systems were autoclaved before being lyophilized for the best results. Proton NMR suggests that the chlorobenzene part of benzoxazinone ring of the drug is involved in inclusion and was confirmed by 2D-COESY. The thermodynamic parameters, indicative of complexation efficiency were calculated calorimetrically by determining the interaction enthalpy of efavirenz with cyclodextrins in the presence and absence of PVP. The value of stability constants increased in the order β-CD?<?HP-β-CD?<?M-β-CD and is still higher in the presence of PVP illustrating the facilitation of the inclusion. Molar enthalpy of interaction of autoclaved solid formulation determined calorimetrically indicated stronger interaction for efavirenz:M-βCD-PVP system (?12.20?kJ/mol) which showed highest solubility and dissolution rate. The in vitro measurement of permeability showed a ten fold increase in the flux for the autoclaved formulation containing efavirenz-M-β-CD-PVP. In conclusion, encapsulation by cyclodextrins increases the solubility and suppresses the oral irritation of efavirenz. PVP further increases the complexation efficiency and decreases the bulk of cyclodextrins.     

Development of a Total Organic Carbon method for the quantitative determination of solubility enhancement by cyclodextrins: Application to essential oils

Formation of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins (CDs) is known to enhance guest solubility in aqueous medium. Different techniques allow determining the evolution in solubility of individual guest compounds. However, examination of mixtures solubility encapsulated in CDs is still a challenge. This is mainly related to the difference in the response of mixture components to the applied technique or to the fact that most of the conventional methods examine the signal of an individual constituent of the mixture. Thus, applying current techniques may not reflect the behavior of the whole mixture. Here, we used for the first time Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis to explore and assess the efficiency of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to enhance the solubility of natural complex mixtures such as essential oils (EOs). Phase solubility studies were performed for eleven EOs with HP-β-CD. The TOC method has provided good validation parameters for linearity, precision and accuracy. For further validation of the method, phase solubility studies were performed with HP-β-CD for eugenol, as a model EO component. The eugenol solubility was determined by UV–Visible and TOC analyses in order to compare the results. Data obtained from both methods were similar (p < 0.05), thereby proving the effectiveness of the developed TOC method. Finally, the phase solubility diagrams of EOs showed that the solubilizing potential of CD increased proportionally with the decrease in EO intrinsic solubility. Results proved that TOC could be successfully applied to investigate CD/guest inclusion complexes and is expected to have a broad range of applications in the field of mixtures encapsulation.     

The effect of phosphate buffer solutions on uniconazole complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin

The inclusion complexes of uniconazole [(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-lyl)-1-penten-3-ol, UCZ] with two cyclodextrin derivatives, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and methylated-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD), were prepared and characterized by ¹H NMR and FT-IR. The phase solubility of UCZ and HP-β-CD, UCZ and Me-β-CD, which displays the ability of CDs complexation and solubilization, was studied in aqueous solutions and phosphate buffer solutions (PBS) with different property pH values (6.2, 7.2, 8.0). The solubility results indicated that the pH of PBS showed more enhancement on the interaction of HP-β-CD and UCZ than Me-β-CD with the increasing pH value, and the optimal pH value for complexation of UCZ and HP-β-CD, UCZ and Me-β-CD was at 8.0 and at 7.2, respectively. These were also determined by UCZ release behavior and dissolution studies of the complexes in solid state.     

The detection of cyclodextrin self-association by titration with dyes

A simple procedure is proposed for the detection of association of cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives in aqueous solutions by analyzing the curves of titration of these substances with dyes. Dissociation constants of cyclodextrin-dye complexes and concentrations of sites involved in the complexation are determined by the nonlinear regression analysis. The processes of CD association were characterized using deviations of the function of CD saturation with ligands from a simple scheme CD + ligand ? complex. Two association mechanisms were disclosed: cooperative association (for α-CD and dihydroxypropyl-β-CD) and step association (for β-CD, dimethyl-β-CD, hydroxypropyl-β-CD, and γ-CD). In the case of stepwise-associating compounds, association constants for head groups of cyclodextrins are found to vary from 3 × 10³ to 8 × 10³ M^?1. The titration data on CD association are confirmed by studying solutions of the above compounds using dynamic light scattering.     

Study on the complexation of isoquercitrin with β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives by spectroscopy

The inclusion complexes of isoquercitrin (IQ) with cyclodextrins (CDs) including β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) have been investigated using the methods of steady-state fluorescence, UV-vis absorption and induced circular dichroism. The stoichiometric ratio of the three complexes was found to be 1:1 and the stability constants (K) were estimated from spectrofluorometric titrations, as well as the thermodynamic parameters. Maximum inclusion ability was measured in the case of DM-β-CD due to the increased hydrophobicity of the host cavity, followed by HP-β-CD and β-CD. The effect of pH on the complexation process was also quantitatively assessed. IQ exists in different molecular forms depending on pH and β-CDs were most suitable for inclusion of the neutral form of IQ. The phase-solubility diagrams obtained with β-CD, HP-β-CD and DM-β-CD were all classical A_L type. And DM-β-CD provided the best solubility enhancement, 12.3-fold increase compared to 2.8- and 7.5-fold increase for β-CD and HP-β-CD. The apparent stability constants obtained from the solubility data at 25 °C were comparable with those obtained from the fluorescence assays. Moreover, ¹H NMR was carried out, which revealed that the IQ favorably inserted into the inner cavity from the chromone part instead of the phenyl part, which was in agreement with molecular modeling studies.