微波水热法制备CdS单分散纳米球及其形貌控制

采用微波水热法,以醋酸镉(Cd(CH3COO)2.2H2O)为镉源,硫脲(CS(NH2)2)为硫源,制备出了具有单分散球形形貌的CdS纳米晶。应用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等测试手段对样品的物相、形貌、元素组分及吸光性能进行了表征,并以罗丹明B溶液的降解脱色反应来考察了其的光催化活性。结果表明:随着S/Cd物质的量比(nS/nCd)逐渐增大,产物会出现由刺球链状向分散球形过渡的规律性变化。在一定的nS/nCd比的条件下可以合成出大小均匀、分散性较好的六方相CdS纳米球。样品对可见光有较强吸收,存在着一定的红移现象。在可见光照射下,硫化镉单分散纳米球具有更高的光催化活性。     

pH值对水热合成黄铁矿型CoS2微晶的影响

本文以EDTA-2Na为辅助剂,Na2S2O3.5H2O为硫源,运用水热法制备了黄铁矿型CoS2微晶,研究了溶液pH值对产物结构和形貌的影响。采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明,溶液为酸性环境时(pH=1、3)可得到纯相的黄铁矿型CoS2微晶,形貌为微米尺寸的空心球壳。溶液为中性和碱性环境时(pH=7、11),产物出现少量杂相,形貌变为规则的八面体晶粒。讨论了这些CoS2微晶的形成机制。     

三种纳米片组装的α-4CaO·5B_2O_3·7H_2O纳米结构的可控制备、表征及其阻燃性能

以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和Na2B4O7·10H2O为原料,水和乙醇为混合溶剂,在水热120℃条件下,可控制备了α-4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O纳米片以及由纳米片组装成的球形和蚕蛹状α-4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O纳米结构,通过X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对产物进行了表征.考察了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂及表面活性剂等条件对硼酸钙α-4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O形貌及尺寸的影响,提出了α-4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O纳米结构的可能形成机理.通过热分析法研究了三种不同形貌硼酸钙α-4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O样品的阻燃性能,结果表明其阻燃性能比非纳米样品好.     

氧化铜纳米片组装的球形花状结构的制备、表征及其形成机制

在H_2O和乙醇形成的二元体系中,以CuCl_2·2H_2O为铜源,无水NaAc为沉淀剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为形貌控制剂,采用一步水热法制备了氧化铜纳米材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等多种手段对产物进行结构表征。结果表明,所得产物具有单斜结构的氧化铜纳米片构建的球形花结构。研究了其生长过程,提出了相关的化学反应和可能的形成机制。     

Zn_xCd_(1-x)S纳米线的可控合成及其可调的光学性质（英文）

采用简单的气相沉积法,合成了不同组成的Znx Cd1-x S(0x1)纳米线.利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和电子能谱研究了所制得的纳米线的表面形貌和组成.该方法以Au为催化剂,简单控制起始物质的相对用量和沉积温度,可以获得可控的Zn/Cd比例.X射线衍射结果表明所制得的Znx Cd1-x S纳米线具有纤维锌矿的单晶结构.根据制得纳米线的表面形貌讨论了纳米线可能的生长机理为"底部生长"机理.利用拉曼光谱和光致发光光谱研究了Znx Cd1-x S纳米线的光学性质,其纵向光学(LO)声子的拉曼位移频率随着组成的变化在ZnS和CdS的拉曼位移频率之间连续变化.光致发光光谱中同时存在带边发光和缺陷发光.Znx Cd1-x S纳米线的带间跃迁的频率可随着组成的调节而调节,纳米线的禁带宽度介于ZnS(3.63 eV)和CdS(2.41 eV)的禁带宽度之间.     

微波诱导燃烧法合成类花状ZnO纳米材料及其晶体结构、荧光性质研究

以硝酸锌[Zn(NO3)2.6H2O]和尿素[CO(NH2)2]作前驱体,通过微波诱导燃烧技术可控合成具有不同形貌的ZnO纳米晶体,并用热重分析和差热分析进行了研究。对各种生长条件:微波功率,辐射时间和尿素/Zn2+物质的量的比对ZnO纳米晶体形貌的影响作了分析。结果表明:尿素/Zn2+物质的量的比对ZnO纳米材料的形貌具有显著影响。X衍射图表明合成的ZnO纳米结构呈六角形。傅里叶变换红外光谱图中400~500 cm-1处明显的峰为Zn-O的振动峰。ZnO纳米结构的发光光谱在366 nm的带边发射,因缺陷又由许多可见光发射峰组成。用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射研究了花状ZnO纳米结构的增长机理。本方法仅需几分钟就获得的了ZnO纳米结构。     

纳米复合材料H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2(P123)微波增强光催化降解染料

采用非离子表面活性剂(C3H6O·C2H4O)x(P123)作为模板剂,通过溶胶-凝胶与程序升温溶剂热一步法在较低温度下制备了具有锐钛矿晶型结构的有序复合孔材料-H6P2W18O62/TiO2(P123)。通过FT-IR、X-射线衍射、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、透射电子显微镜、N2吸附-脱附测定以及扫描电子显微镜配合X-射线能量色散谱仪等测试手段对其组成、结构、表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明,复合材料中多酸的Dawson结构未发生明显变化,与母体多酸和TiO2相比,复合材料H6P2W18O62/TiO2(P123)的BET比表面积显著增大,高达414.6m2/g,且孔径有序性大幅度提高。光催化反应实验结果显示,H6P2W18O62/TiO2(P123)在微波场作用下,催化活性显著增强,可有效降解多种染料。     

CdSe微米球的水热合成及表征

用合成的硒代硫酸钠作为硒源,Cd(NO3)2·4H2O作为Cd源,通过控制配位剂与反应物的比例及表面活性剂的加入,在水溶液中合成了球状的CdSe微米晶.产物用X射线衍射仪,扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜进行表征.结果表明:此法合成了结晶性良好的六方相的CdSe微米晶.并探讨了可能的生长机理.     

凹心立方状Ca[Sn(OH)_6]微晶水热法制备与表征

采用Sn Cl4·5H2O、Ca Cl2·2H2O、Na OH为原料,表面活性剂PVP作为软模板,通过一个简单的水热过程合成出具有凹心立方形貌的Ca[Sn(OH)6]微晶。样品的XRD和TEM表征结果表明水热温度、水热时间、不同的碱源和表面活性剂对产物的形貌和尺度有一定的影响。初步讨论了凹心立方形貌的Ca[Sn(OH)6]微晶可能的形成机理。     

一锅水热法制备柳枝状MoS2/CdS异质结材料及其可见光催化产氢性能

自从1972年Fujishima和Honda发现TiO_2光电催化分解水产氢以来,半导体光催化分解水产氢技术被认为是解决能源危机和环境污染问题最有效的策略之一.然而,由于TiO_2的可见光吸收能力差、活性低、价格高等问题限制了其实际应用,因此寻求和发展高效的可见光催化剂具有重要意义.CdS半导体材料具有合适的带隙及导带位置,可以有效吸收可见光产生电子并将H~+还原生成H_2,是目前公认的较好的可见光催化产氢材料之一.然而光催化过程中Cd S材料较快的电子-空穴复合速度极大降低了其效率,如何促进光催化过程中电子-空穴对的分离成为研究重点.研究表明,采用负载助催化剂、构筑异质结、表面修饰、金属/非金属元素掺杂等技术可明显提高Cd S的光催化产氢性能,其中发展非贵金属助催化剂引起了广泛兴趣.近年有文献报道过渡金属硫化合物Mo S2用于光催化助催化剂,可以明显提高光催化性能.目前已制备出具有不同形貌的MoS_2/Cd S异质材料如纳米球、纳米棒、纳米纤维等,但多数Mo S2/CdS异质材料的制备采用两步法或多步法,制备工艺复杂,易引入杂质,阻碍了其实际应用.因此,发展简单温和的一步法制备具有新颖形貌的MoS_2/Cd S异质材料具有重要意义.本文采用简单的一步水热法制备了一种新颖的柳枝状MoS_2/Cd S异质材料.采用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱和氮气吸附-脱附测试对所得样品进行了表征.结果表明,制备的柳枝状MoS_2/CdS异质材料具有核壳结构,两者之间形成紧密的异质结.光催化性能测试表明,制备的MoS_2/Cd S异质材料相比纯相Cd S产氢性能明显提高,优化后的MoS_2/Cd S异质材料(MoS_2/CdS摩尔比为5:100)的产氢性能是纯Cd S的28倍.通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱分析、光电流、EIS阻抗谱及莫特肖特基曲线测试发现, CdS与MoS_2之间致密的异质核壳结构有助于光生载流子的迁移与分离,从而明显提高光催化活性.     

Synthesis and Characterization of CdS Nanoparticles via Cyclic Microwave from Cadmium Oxalate

The present study reports synthesis and characterization of CdS nanoparticles prepared by cyclic microwave route with the use of [Cd(C₂O₄)·3H₂O] powder as a precursor. The products, with an average size ~15 nm, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Optical property of obtained product was investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The prepared nanostructures displayed a very strong luminescence at 528 nm (2.34 eV) at room temperature.     

Mesoporous cadmium sulfide nanoparticles derived from a new cadmium anthranilato complex: Characterization and induction of morphological abnormalities in pathogenic fungi

A cadmium complex of the general formula Cd(C₁₃H₉O₂NCl)₂(H₂O)₂ {C₁₃H₉O₂NCl = 2-(4-chlorophenylamino)benzoate} was synthesized and characterized regarding its CHN data, solution molar conductivity and spectroscopic (UV–Vis. and IR) properties. Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) were grown form the microcrystalline complex and thiourea via a hydrothermal route. The as-prepared NPs were assigned based on X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Brunauer – Emmett – Teller (BET) surface area measurements. The CdS absorption and emission spectra were also recorded that revealed an energy gap of 2.47 eV and large Stokes shift of 130 nm. For the as-prepared NPs, the measurements have also indicated a mesoporous structure and an average particle size of 20–28 nm associated with an average pore diameter of 11.21 nm. The as-synthesized CdS NPs acted as antifungal controlling agent against human and plant pathogenic fungi of serious environmental and health concerns. The NPs at concentration of 200 ppm inhibited several fungi with inhibition efficiency of 100% against Aspergillus ustus Au-28. The nanoparticles induced morphological abnormalities in fungal mycelia, conidia and vesicle. Additionally, they inhibited the conidia septum formation, accelerated the chlamydospores generation and enlarged the yeast cells.     

In situ and one-step synthesis of hydrophobic zinc borate nanoplatelets

The polycrystalline and hydrophobic zinc borate (Zn₂B₆O₁₁·3H₂O) nanoplatelets were in situ successfully synthesized via one-step precipitation reaction in aqueous solution of Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O and ZnSO₄·7H₂O with oleic acid as the modifying agent. The microstructures and morphology of the as-obtained samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Measurements of the relative water contact angle and the active ratio indicated that Zn₂B₆O₁₁·3H₂O samples were hydrophobic. It had been found that the as-prepared materials displayed nanoplatelet morphology with average diameters 100–500 nm and thickness 30 ± 5 nm and the morphology and size of the samples were controlled effectively.     

片状Co9S8/ZnS/C复合材料的制备及电催化产氧性能

以六水合硝酸钴[Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O]为钴源、六水合硝酸锌[Zn(NO_3)_2·6H_2O]为锌源、2,2′-硫代二乙酸(C4H6O4S)为硫源,采用溶剂热法制备出了片状的Co_9S_8/ZnS/C复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和N_2吸附/脱附测试等手段对于片状Co_9S_8/ZnS/C复合材料结构和形貌等进行表征,同时对片状Co_9S_8/ZnS/C复合材料进行了电催化产氧性能测试。结果表明:片状Co_9S_8/ZnS/C复合材料的起始过电位为390 mV,塔菲尔斜率为144 mV·dec~(-1),具有高的电催化产氧性能。     

Molten-salt Synthesis and Properties of ZnS with Hexagonal Prism Morphology

ZnS with hexagonal prism morphology has been synthesized successfully by molten-salt method with ZnS nanoparticles as precursors, and the ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by one-step solid-state reaction of Zn（CH3COO）2·2H2O with Na2S·9H2O at ambient temperature. Crystal structure and morphology of the product were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and HRTEM. Ultraviolet-visible optical absorption spectrum of the ZnS hexagonal prism shows a distinct red shift from that of bulk ZnS crystals and photoluminescence spectrum exhibits strong emissions at 380 and 500 nm, respectively. Further experiments were designed and the formation mechanism of the ZnS hexagonal prism has been also discussed in brief.     

Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O纳米片的水热制备

采用硝酸锌、五氧化二钒和氢氧化钠作为反应物,通过一个简单的CTAB辅助的水热方法制备了Zn₃(OH)₂V₂O₇·2H₂O纳米片。运用XRD,ICP-AES,FTIR,HRTEM,EDS,FE-SEM对产物的晶相和形貌进行了表征。结果表明CTAB在控制产物的形貌、尺寸分布和自组装过程中起着关键作用。同时我们研究了产物的晶体生长行为和自组装过程。     

Influence of Microwave Synthesis Parameters on the Size and Morphology of the Resulting MgAl2O4 Nanoparticles

In the present study, Nano-sized magnesium aluminate powders were successfully synthesized via microwave process based on the reaction between Mg (NO₃)₂·6H₂O and Al (NO₃)₃·9H₂O in distilled water, at various conditions. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and EDAX analysis. The effects of different parameters such as reaction time and microwave power on the morphology, particle size, and PL properties of the product were studied by SEM images and the PL.     

Mechano-hydrothermal preparation of Li-Al-OH layered double hydroxides

A mechano-hydrothermal (MHT) method was used to synthesize Li-Al-OH layered double hydroxides (LDHs) from LiOH·H₂O, Al(OH)₃ and H₂O as starting materials. A two-step synthesis was conducted, that is, Al(OH)₃ was milled for 1 h, followed by hydrothermal treatment with LiOH·H₂O solution. Effects of the LiOH/Al(OH)₃ molar ratio (R_Li/Al) and hydrothermal temperature (T_ht) on the crystallinity, morphology, and composition of the product were examined. The resulting LDHs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and elemental analyses. The results showed that pre-milling plays a key role in the LDH formation during subsequent hydrothermal treatment. The Li/Al molar ratio of the obtained LDHs keeps constant at 0.5, independent from theR_Li/Al (0.5–5.0) in the starting materials. An increase in the T_ht (20–80 °C) can enhance the crystallinity and morphology regularity of the products. The so-obtained Li-Al-OH LDHs exhibit high crystallinity and well-dispersity, which may have wider applications than the aggregate ones obtained using conventional mechanochemical and Li⁺-imbibition methods.     

Synthesis and characterization of CoS ball in cage structures

Ball in cage structures of cobalt sulfide have been successfully prepared by a facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis approach employing Co(NO3)2·6H2O as the cobalt source and S=C(NH2)2 as the sulfur source. The effects of the reaction parameters (volume ratio of distilled water to ethanol, reaction time and reaction temperature) on the morphology and size of the CoS structures were investigated. The synthesized product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It has been confirmed that the volume ratio of distilled water to ethanol played a key role in the formation of the ball in cage structures, and the formation mechanism of the CoS ball in cage structures was also proposed. The electrochemical capacitance performances of the CoS products were studied, and the CoS ball in cage structures show excellent energy storage characteristics.