将源药包覆到聚己内酯超细纤维的芯部

采用同轴共纺技术,分别将白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,RT)和硫酸庆大霉素(Gentamycin Sulfate,GS)源药包覆在生物可降解的聚己内酯(PCL)超细(直径为几百纳米)纤维芯部.研究了这种纤维的制备过程以及它们的微观结构.这种复合纳米纤维可在医疗新产品开发中发挥作用,如用于制备新的羊肠线(体内手术伤口缝合线)或伤口敷布.     

A review on electrospun nanofibers for multiple biomedical applications

Electrospinning is a well-known technique since 1544 to fabricate nanofibers using different materials like polymers, metals oxides, proteins, and many more. In recent years, electrospinning has become the most popular technique for manufacturing nanofibers due to its ease of use and economic viability. Nanofibers have remarkable properties like high surface-to-volume ratio, variable pore size distribution (10–100 nm), high porosity, low density, and are suitable for surface functionalization. Therefore, electrospun nanofibers have been utilized for numerous applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field like tissue engineering, scaffolds, grafts, drug delivery, and so on. In this review article, we will be focusing on the versatility, current scenario, and future endeavors of electrospun nanofibers for various biomedical applications. This review discusses the properties of nanofibers, the background of the electrospinning technique, and its emergence in chronological order. It also covers the various types of electrospinning methods and their mechanism, further elaborating the factors affecting the properties of nanofibers, and applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, nanofibers as biosensor, skin cancer treatment, and magnetic nanofibers.     

Biomedical application of responsive ‘smart’ electrospun nanofibers in drug delivery system: A minireview

Electrospinning is a versatile method for producing continuous nanofibers. It has since become an easy and cost-effective technique in the manufacturing process and drawn keen interests in most biomedical field applications. Nanofibers have garnered great attention in nanomedicine due to their resemblance with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Like nanoparticles, its unique characteristics of higher surface-to-volume ratio and the tunability of the polymers utilizing nanofiber have increased the efficiency in encapsulation and drug-loading capabilities. Smart or “stimuli-responsive” polymers have shown particular fascination in controlled release, where their ability to react to minor changes in the environment, such as temperature, pH, electric field, light, or magnetic field, distinguishes them as intelligent. Polymers are a popular material for the design of drug delivery carriers; consequently, various types of drugs, including antiviral, proteins, antibiotics, DNA and RNA, are successfully encapsulated in the pH-dependent nanofibers with smart polymers which is a polymer that can respond to change such as pH change, temperature. In this minireview, we discuss applications of smart electrospun pH-responsive nanofibers in the emerging biomedical developments which includes cancer drug targeting, oral controlled release, wound healing and vaginal drug delivery.     

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia: focus on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

Due to their unique magnetic properties, excellent biocompatibility as well as multi-purpose biomedical potential (e.g., applications in cancer therapy and general drug delivery), superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are attracting increasing attention in both pharmaceutical and industrial communities. The precise control of the physiochemical properties of these magnetic systems is crucial for hyperthermia applications, as the induced heat is highly dependent on these properties. In this review, the limitations and recent advances in the development of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for hyperthermia are presented.     

基于静电纺丝技术的多级结构聚合物纳米纤维复合材料的研究进展

静电纺丝技术是目前制备纳米纤维最重要的方法之一,以其制备的纤维具有直径可控、比表面积大、孔隙率高等优点,因而被广泛应用于过滤、催化、传感器及生物医学等众多领域.以静电纺丝纤维为模板可进一步构建多级结构的功能性聚合物纳米纤维复合材料,拓宽其应用范围.本文着重概述了近年来基于静电纺丝技术的简单共混型、核壳结构及多级结构的聚合物纳米纤维复合材料的制备、结构及性能,并展望了其应用研究前景.     

Recent Developments in Chitosan-Based Micro/Nanofibers for Sustainable Food Packaging,Smart Textiles,Cosmeceuticals, and Biomedical Applications

Chitosan has many useful intrinsic properties (e.g., non-toxicity, antibacterial properties, and biodegradability) and can be processed into high-surface-area nanofiber constructs for a broad range of sustainable research and commercial applications. These nanofibers can be further functionalized with bioactive agents. In the food industry, for example, edible films can be formed from chitosan-based composite fibers filled with nanoparticles, exhibiting excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for a variety of products. Processing ‘pure’ chitosan into nanofibers can be challenging due to its cationic nature and high crystallinity; therefore, chitosan is often modified or blended with other materials to improve its processability and tailor its performance to specific needs. Chitosan can be blended with a variety of natural and synthetic polymers and processed into fibers while maintaining many of its intrinsic properties that are important for textile, cosmeceutical, and biomedical applications. The abundance of amine groups in the chemical structure of chitosan allows for facile modification (e.g., into soluble derivatives) and the binding of negatively charged domains. In particular, high-surface-area chitosan nanofibers are effective in binding negatively charged biomolecules. Recent developments of chitosan-based nanofibers with biological activities for various applications in biomedical, food packaging, and textiles are discussed herein.     

Stimuli-responsive electrospun fibers and their applications

Stimuli-responsive electrospun nanofibers are gaining considerable attention as highly versatile tools which offer great potential in the biomedical field. In this critical review, an overview is given on recent advances made in the development and application of stimuli-responsive fibers. The specific features of these electrospun fibers are highlighted and discussed in view of the properties required for the diverse applications. Furthermore, several novel biomedical applications are discussed and the respective advantages and shortcomings inherent to stimuli-responsive electrospun fibers are addressed (136 references).     

Recent progress in MXenes incorporated into electrospun nanofibers for biomedical application: Study focusing from 2017 to 2022

After discovering a new class of two-dimensional (2D) material, i.e., MXene, a further new scope, came into existence for researchers. Due to their remarkable physical, chemical, and biological properties, MXenes find their role in almost every research discipline. They have been used in biosensors, bioimaging, tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and other areas. The MXenes can be functionalized with a wide range of atoms/molecules, making them diverse materials. Therefore, the potential of using MXenes in nanofibers can be much more than expected. In this review, we will understand the structure, synthesis, and general properties of MXenes. We will explain using MXenes while encasing them into nanofibers, providing their specific properties. For instance, MXenes-incorporated nanofibers are used in biomedical applications, including soft and hard-tissue engineering and delivery of antimicrobials. Furthermore, MXenes, when incorporated into nanofibers, are used in promoting cellular differentiation, wound healing, and neural tissue restoration, which are briefly discussed in this communication.     

Electrospun poly(aniline‐co‐ethyl 3‐aminobenzoate)/poly(lactic acid) nanofibers and their potential in biomedical applications

Poly(aniline‐co‐ethyl 3‐aminobenzoate) (3EABPANI) copolymer was blended with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and co‐electrospun into nanofibers to investigate its potential in biomedical applications. The relationship between electrospinning parameters and fiber diameter has been investigated. The mechanical and electrical properties of electrospun 3EABPANI‐PLA nanofibers were also evaluated. To assess cell morphology and biocompatibility, nanofibrous mats of pure PLA and 3EABPANI‐PLA were deposited on glass substrates and the proliferation of COS‐1 fibroblast cells on the nanofibrous polymer surfaces determined. The nanofibrous 3EABPANI‐PLA blends were easily fabricated by electrospinning and gave enhanced mammalian cell growth, antioxidant and antimicrobial capabilities, and electrical conductivity. These results suggest that 3EABPANI‐PLA nanofibrous blends might provide a novel bioactive conductive material for biomedical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.     

Visible light-curable polymers for biomedical applications

Photocurable systems, which offer advantages such as microfabrication and in situ fabrication, have been widely used as dental restorative materials. Because the visible light-curable (VLC) system causes no biological damage, it is popular as a dental material and is being investigated by many researchers for other medical applications. Here, the principle of the VLC system is explained and recent progress in key components including photoinitiators, monomers, macromers, and prepolymers is discussed. Finally, biomedical applications for drug delivery and soft tissue engineering are reviewed. Considering the recent development of VLC systems, its importance in the field of medical applications is expected to continue to increase in the future.     

Droplet‐based microfluidics systems in biomedical applications

Microfluidics has made a very impressive progress in the past decades due to its unique and instinctive advantages. Droplet‐based microfluidic systems show excellent compatibility with many chemical and biological reagents and are capable of performing variety of operations that can implement microreactor, complex multiple core–shell structure, and many applications in biomedical research such as drug encapsulation, targeted drug delivery systems, and multifunctionalization on carriers. Droplet‐based systems have been directly used to synthesize particles and encapsulate many biological entities for biomedicine applications due to their powerful encapsulation capability and facile versatility. In this paper, we review its origin, deviation, and evolution to draw a clear future, especially for droplet‐based biomedical applications. This paper will focus on droplet generation, variations and complication as starter, and logistically lead to the numerous typical applications in biomedical research. Finally, we will summarize both its challenge and future prospects relevant to its droplet‐based biomedical applications.     

A Nanocage for Nanomedicine: Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS)

Ground‐breaking advances in nanomedicine (defined as the application of nanotechnology in medicine) have proposed novel therapeutics and diagnostics, which can potentially revolutionize current medical practice. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with a distinctive nanocage structure consisting of an inner inorganic framework of silicon and oxygen atoms, and an outer shell of organic functional groups is one of the most promising nanomaterials for medical applications. Enhanced biocompatibility and physicochemical (material bulk and surface) properties have resulted in the development of a wide range of nanocomposite POSS copolymers for biomedical applications, such as the development of biomedical devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems, dental applications, and biological sensors. The application of POSS nanocomposites in combination with other nanostructures has also been investigated including silver nanoparticles and quantum dot nanocrystals. Chemical functionalization confers antimicrobial efficacy to POSS, and the use of polymer nanocomposites provides a biocompatible surface coating for quantum dot nanocrystals to enhance the efficacy of the materials for different biomedical and biotechnological applications. Interestingly, a family of POSS‐containing nanocomposite materials can be engineered either as completely non‐biodegradable materials or as biodegradable materials with tuneable degradation rates required for tissue engineering applications. These highly versatile POSS derivatives have created new horizons for the field of biomaterials research and beyond. Currently, the application of POSS‐containing polymers in various fields of nanomedicine is under intensive investigation with expectedly encouraging outcomes.

     

Easy Access to Supramolecular Gels of the Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drug Diflunisal: Synthesis,Characterization, and Plausible Biomedical Applications

By exploiting salt formation, a new series of primary ammonium monocarboxylate salts of a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, namely, diflunisal, was synthesized. The majority of the salts thus synthesized turned out to be good gelators of various solvents, including the solvents (e.g., methyl salicylate and pure water) typically used for topical gel formulation. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of a few gelator and nongelator salts in the series revealed details of the hydrogen‐bonding networks present in the salts. Furthermore, one such gelator salt, namely, the diflunisal salt of serinol, was found to be biocompatible (MTT assay), and its anti‐inflammatory (PGE₂ assay) response turned out to be as good as that of the parent drug, which is indicative of its potential in biomedical applications.     

Electrospun aligned nanofibers: A review

Electrospinning (e-spinning) is famous for the construction and production of ultrafine and continuous micro-/nanofibers. Then, the alignment of electrospun (e-spun) nanofibers becomes one of the most valuable research topics. Because aligned fibers have more advantages over random fibers, such as better mechanical properties, faster charge transport, more regular spatial structure, etc. This review summarizes various electrospinning techniques of fabricating aligned e-spun nanofibers, such as early conventional methods, near-field e-spinning, and three-dimensional (3D) printing e-spinning. Among them, four auxiliary preparation methods (e.g., auxiliary solid template, auxiliary liquid, auxiliary electromagnetic field and auxiliary airflow), two collection modes (static and dynamic collection), and the controllability of near-field e-spinning and 3D printing e-spinning are highlighted. The representative applications depending on aligned nanofibers are classified and briefly introduced, emphasizing in the fields of 1D applications (e.g., field-effect transistor, nanochannel and guidance carrier), 2D applications (e.g., platform for gas detection, filter, and electrode materials storage), and 3D applications (e.g., bioengineering, supercapacitor, and nanogenerator). At last, the challenges and prospects are addressed.     

电活性导电聚合物在生物医学中的应用

以聚吡咯、聚噻吩和聚苯胺为代表的电活性导电聚合物(electroactive conducting polymers,ECP)已成为生物材料、组织工程及临床医学领域关注的焦点.目前研究主要集中在生物相容性、细胞及组织工程、蛋白质分离、DNA吸附修复、可控药物释放、生物传感器、神经探针等方面.ECP在神经细胞、脑细胞、心肌干细胞再生和功能调节,定向诱导组织器官的再生修复方面具有潜在的应用前景.本文主要综述了聚吡咯(PPy)和聚苯胺(PANi)在生物医学领域的研究进展,和电刺激对细胞生长和干细胞分化的影响,并建议了一些前景可观的相关研究方向.     

γ‐Butyrolactone Copolymerization with the Well‐Documented Polymer Drug Carrier Poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) to Fine‐Tune Its Biorelevant Properties

Polymeric drug carriers exhibit excellent properties that advance drug delivery systems. In particular, carriers based on poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) are very useful in pharmacokinetics. In addition to their proven biocompatibility, there are several requirements for the efficacy of the polymeric drug carriers after internalization, e.g., nanoparticle behavior, cellular uptake, the rate of degradation, and cellular localization. The introduction of γ‐butyrolactone units into the hydrophobic block enables the tuning of the abovementioned properties over a wide range. In this study, a relatively high content of γ‐butyrolactone units with a reasonable yield of ≈60% is achieved by anionic ring‐opening copolymerization using 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene as a very efficient catalyst in the nonpolar environment of toluene with an incorporated γ‐butyrolactone content of ≈30%. The content of γ‐butyrolactone units can be easily modulated according to the feed ratio of the monomers. This method enables control over the rate of degradation so that when the content of γ‐butyrolactone increases, the rate of degradation increases. These findings broaden the application possibilities of polyester‐polyether‐based nanoparticles for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems.     

Outstanding Catalytic Activity of Ultra‐Pure Platinum Nanoparticles

Small (4 nm) nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, exceptional surface purity, and increased surface order, which exhibits itself as an increased presence of basal crystallographic planes, can be obtained without the use of any surfactant. These nanoparticles can be used in many applications in an as‐received state and are threefold more active towards a model catalytic reaction (oxidation of ethylene glycol). Furthermore, the superior properties of this material are interesting not only due to the increase in their intrinsic catalytic activity, but also due to the exceptional surface purity itself. The nanoparticles can be used directly (i.e., as‐received, without any cleaning steps) in biomedical applications (i.e., as more efficient drug carriers due to an increased number of adsorption sites) and in energy‐harvesting/data‐storage devices.     

Design and synthesis of fluorescent shell functionalized polymer micelles for biomedical application

pH‐sensitive polymers can be defined as polyelectrolytes that include in their structure weak acidic or basic groups that either accept or release protons in response to a change in the environmental pH. This work summarizes the design, synthesis, and potential applications of pH‐responsive fluorescent copolymers in the biomedical field. This was achieved using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert‐butyl acrylate using a CuBr/N,N,N′,N″N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine catalyst system in conjunction with an alkyl bromide as the initiator. Well‐defined macroinitiators based on poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) with narrow molecular weight distributions were obtained by the addition of an appropriate solvent system in order to create a homogeneous catalytic system. The addition of n‐butyl acrylate as a second building block in order to create well‐defined poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate) block copolymers (PtBA‐b‐PnBA) followed by chemical modification of the block copolymers and functionalization with an appropriate fluorescent compound are the basis for the preparation of well‐defined fluorescent pH‐sensitive micelles. Thus, prepared water soluble nanosized pH‐sensitive micelles consisting of hydrophobic poly(n‐butyl acrylate) core and hydrophilic polyacrylic acid shell decorated with an appropriate fluorescent compound determined their potential applications of these systems in the field of biomedicine as biosensors, controlled drug delivery systems, and so on. In this respect, the cell viability and internalization of the polymer micelles were studied.     

Self‐Assembled Gels for Biomedical Applications

Natural and synthetic gel‐like materials have featured heavily in the development of biomaterials for wound healing and other tissue‐engineering purposes. More recently, molecular gels have been designed and tailored for the same purpose. When mixed with, or conjugated to therapeutic drugs or bioactive molecules, these materials hold great promise for treating/curing life‐threatening and degenerative diseases, such as cancer, osteoarthritis, and neural injuries. This focus review explores the latest advances in this field and concentrates on self‐assembled gels formed under aqueous conditions (i.e., self‐assembled hydrogels), and critically compares their performance within different biomedical applications, including three‐dimensional cell‐culture studies, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Although stability and toxicity issues still need to be addressed in more detail, it is clear from the work reviewed here that self‐assembled gels have a bright future as novel biomaterials.     

Electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery applications: Methods and mechanism

Electrospinning procedures such as blend electrospinning, coaxial electrospinning, and emulsion electrospinning have been used for the fabrication of electrospun nanofibers (ENFs) for biomedical applications. These ENFs are attracted great interest especially in drug delivery applications due to their small size, high surface area-to-volume, and porosity. The aim of this review is to focus on the controlled release mechanism among the different electrospinning methods, and the selectivity of hydrophilic, water-soluble polymers as a carrier for drug. The mechanism for the drug delivery depends mainly on the method of drug loading, polymeric interactions, and the nature of polymer swelling, erosion, or degradation. This review compressed on the literature survey about the fabrication of nanofibers by different electrospinning methods, factors affecting the nanofiber morphologies, selectivity of polymeric blends for successful controlled release behavior, and the mechanism involved in the drug release steps.