活性炭的zeta电位对各种染料吸附的影响3.活性炭对阴离子染料洋红的…

测定了在不同ｐｈ下活性炭吸附阴离子染料洋红的变化规律，发现活性炭表面的电位（ξ）对洋红吸附量的影响起着重要作用。当溶液ＰＧＨ小于活性炭的零电位ＰＨ（ＰＨｚｐｃ＝６．２）时，活性炭表面带正电，这绎洋红阴离子具有静电引力，而当ＰＨ增大时活性炭的ξ电位下降，静电引力减弱，使得吸附量下降；另一方面由于洋红变色（ＰＨ３．５橙色，－ＰＨ６．８玫瑰红后），洋红我溶解度增大，所以导致吸附量很快下降并趋于零， 通过     

氨基酸在固／水界面的吸附作用

本文研究了活性炭、硅胶和氧化铝自水中吸附酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸。所得的结构表明,（1）在活性炭/水界面上两种氨基酸的吸附等温线均为Langmuir型。极限吸附量nm^S、吸附常数b与介质pH值关系曲线大约在氨基酸等电点处有最大值,这可用介质pH对氨基酸溶解度的影响解释。在活性炭表面,氨基酸主要以两性离子躺方式吸附。（2）在硅胶（氧化铝）/水界面上的吸附等温线为S型,吸附量仅为在活性炭/水界面上的1‰,在硅胶表面苯丙氨酸主要以电性作用吸附;在氧化铝表面酪氨酸以两性离子与表面形成氨键吸附。     

活性炭的zeta电位对各种染料吸附的影响3．活性炭对阴离子染料洋红的吸附

测定了在不同ｐＨ下活性炭吸附阴离子染料洋红的变化规律，发现活性炭表面的电位（ζ对洋红吸附量的影响起着重要作用。当溶液ｐＨ小于活性炭的零电位ｐＨ（ｐＨＺＰＣ＝６．２）时，活性炭表面带正电，它对洋红阴离子具有静电引力，而当ｐＨ增大时活性炭的ζ电位下降，静电引力减弱，使得吸附量下降；另一方面由于洋红变色（ｐＨ３．５橙色，～ｐＨ６．８玫瑰红）后，洋红的溶解度增大，所以导致吸附量很快下降并趋于零。通过活性炭对洋红在不同ｐＨ下的吸附动力学和吸附热力学参数的估算，进一步揭示了活性炭在不同ｐＨ下对洋红的吸附机理。     

吸附条件对活性碳纤维SACF氧化还原吸附Ag^＋的影响

本文研究了吸附条件对活性碳纤维ＳＡＣＦ氧化还原吸附Ａｇ＾＋的影响。结果表明：Ａｇ＾＋初始浓度的提高，反应温度的升高均可提高ＳＡＣＦ对Ａｇ＾＋的吸附量；Ａｇ＾＋的吸附量还强烈地依赖于溶液的ＰＨ值，用ＮａＡＣ、ＨＡＣ＋ＮａＡＣ或ＮＨ３．Ｈ２Ｏ调高Ａｇ＾＋溶液的ＰＨ，可有效地增加ＳＡＣＦ对Ａｇ＾＋的吸附量；用ＮＨ３．Ｈ２Ｏ调节会再现一个最佳的ＰＨ值；通过增加ＳＡＣＦ用量，Ａｇ＾＋的吸附率可达９９％以上。     

介孔吸附剂表面分形分析

用自溶液中吸附的方法测定了介孔硅胶和活性炭的分形维数D．结果表明：(1)硅胶自四氯化碳或环已烷中吸附脂肪醇、酮、酯和含氧芳香化合物，活性炭自水中吸附芳香化合物的等温线均服从Langmuir方程．用极限吸附量nm^s和表观分子面积σa，根据方程lognm^s=-D/2logσa 常数，可计算出分维D．nm^s和σs是根据langmuir方程和吸附剂比表面数据求出的．(2)用液相吸附法求出的介孔硅胶的分维值与由气体吸附法求出的值相同，并均近于2．当表面曲率半径大于吸附分子大小时，吸附剂表面可是低分维的．(3)由液相吸附法得到的介孔活性炭的分维也近似为2．可能的解释是，活化作用改变了原始炭的微孔结构，使其成为介孔和大孔．介孔活性炭也可是低分维表面．     

硫脲基纤维的制备及其对Au^3＋氧化还原吸附性能的研究

本文合成了一种硫脲基螯合纤维，其含硫量为２．９ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ，它对Ａｕ＾３＋的吸附量在９６０ｍｇ／ｇ（４０℃）。Ｘ射线衍射实验表明：纤维能把Ａｕ＾３＋还原成单质金，脱附实验结果表明溶液ＰＨ为１－２时，纤维对吸附态Ａｕ＾３＋的还原率达９０％以上；在扫描电子显微镜下可观察吸附态金聚集成粒状。文中还研究了该纤维吸附Ａｕ＾３＋量随溶液ＰＨ值、温度变化、吸附动力学规律，并对硫脲官能团的半波电值进行了表征。     

明胶包埋黑根霉菌丝体对水中Pb^2＋吸附性能的研究

本文研究了明胶包埋黑根霉菌丝体的包埋条件及包埋后对水中Ｐｂ~（２＋）的吸附作用。结果表明，包埋比例为６／１（Ｗ／Ｗ），交联剂甲醛用量为２５％，凝胶化温度为４０℃，ＰＨ＝１０．０为包埋反应的最佳条件。包埋后的饱和吸附量可达１２１．２ｍｇ／ｇ，比未包埋黑根霉下降１０．８％。吸附平衡时间延长至８００分钟。ｐＨ值对吸附量有较大影响，ＰＨ＝４．０时，吸附最佳。升高温度有利于吸附。流速对动态吸附有很大影响。ＨＮＯ３和ＮａＯＨ可以对吸附剂进行解吸与再生，解吸率在９４％以上。明胶包埋后黑根霉具有较好的物理性能，断裂压缩强度为１２８．１Ｎ／ｃｍ２。     

共热解法制备葵花籽壳活性炭及对四环素的吸附性能

采用热解法,以磷酸为活化剂,以葵花籽壳为碳源,制备了葵花籽壳活性炭,利用扫描电镜表征了其表面形貌,采用平衡吸附法研究了葵花籽壳活性炭对溶液中四环素的吸附性能和对养殖废水中四环素的去除能力。结果表明,在20°C时,葵花籽壳活性炭对四环素的最大吸附量为244.1 mg·g~(-1);吸附平衡时间为30 min;当pH值处于4-8时,pH值对葵花籽壳活性炭吸附四环素的容量没有显著性影响;葵花籽壳活性炭吸附四环素的容量随着温度的升高而增大,表明四环素吸附是一个吸热过程;利用葵花籽壳活性炭去除含有四环素的养殖废水时,四环素的去除率达到96.2%。等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型;四环素的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级反应动力学模型。     

杂多酸在活性炭上的固载化Ⅲ．活性炭在酸性介质中对钨硅杂多酸（SiW_（12））的吸附

在氢离子浓度均为３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硫酸，盐酸，磷酸，醋酸水溶液中和冰醋酸中研究了具有Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构的硅钨杂多酸（ＳｉＷ＿（１２））在不同来源活性炭上的吸附作用。各活性炭对ＳｉＷ＿（１２）吸附等温线的形式是不相同的，吸附剂载体的微孔结构以及杂多酸的溶剂化起着重要的作用。并且在无机酸介质中，杂多酸的吸附量比在水溶液中成规律性地增加，且与酸强度成正比关系。在有机酸介质中，吸附作用比较复杂。根据所得结果，提出了在酸性介质中杂多酸在活性炭表面的吸附模型。     

活性炭对乙酸乙酯的吸附和再生

研究了活性炭的孔结构和表面化学性质及水蒸气存在对活性炭吸附乙酸乙酯的影响. 结果表明,活性炭的微孔(＜1.70 nm)结构特征是活性炭吸附乙酸乙酯的主要因素,其表面性质对乙酸乙酯的吸附没有明显影响. 40 ℃下,具有丰富微孔的椰壳活性炭AC和Y2在乙酸乙酯入口体积分数为0.30%时,对乙酸乙酯的饱和吸附量分别为0.31和0.28 g/g. 在相对湿度低于40%时,活性炭对乙酸乙酯的饱和吸附量仍可达干燥条件下相应值的90%. 在180 ℃加热时可将吸附在活性炭上的乙酸乙酯有效地回收. 活性炭的吸附性能不受再生气体中所含少量O2的影响. 活性炭经6次再生循环使用,未发现其对乙酸乙酯的吸附性能发生变化.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.     

Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of 2-iodoanilines,benzylamines, and elemental sulfur toward 2-arylbenzothiazoles

A relatively cheap copper salt-catalyzed, three-component approach providing 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields from readily available 2-iodoanilines, benzylamines, and sulfur powder is reported. This methodology allows preparation of various classes of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and provides a general, reliable approach.