大叶黄杨叶、茎、果挥发油成分及抗病毒作用

研究了大叶黄杨叶、茎、果挥发油的化学成分及抗病毒活性。 采用超临界二氧化碳萃取,应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS) 法鉴定挥发油化学成分,考察体外抗病毒作用。 共鉴定133个化合物,大叶黄杨叶挥发油中主要有2-乙氧丙烷(41.92%)、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇(17.8%)、 (E)-香叶醇(7.86%)、甲基环己烷(6.60%)等;大叶黄杨茎挥发油中主要有甲氧基苯基肟(33.10%)、二十八烷(14.34%)、α-甲基-α-[4-甲基-3-戊烯基]环氧乙烷甲醇(12.48%)、甲苯(11.88%)、二十一烷(7.74%) 等;大叶黄杨果挥发油中主要有苯甲醛(15.52%)、甲苯(15.03%)、甲基环己烷(14.76%)、(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇(10.98%)等。 大叶黄杨叶、茎、果的环己烷、乙醚萃取挥发油对特定病毒有显著抑制效果。 大叶黄杨叶、茎、果中挥发油萃取部位成分差异明显,有特定抗病毒活性。     

火棘叶挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从火棘叶中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用方法分析火棘叶挥发油化学成分,并以面积归一法测定各成分的相对含量。从火棘叶挥发油中共鉴定出69种化合物,占挥发油总量的80.52%,主要成分为(-)-b-杜松烯(22.62%)、植物醇(19.90%)、二环倍半水芹烯(5.95%)、β-桉叶醇(5.78%)、1,2,3,4,4a,7-六氢-1,6-二甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-萘(2.78%)、表圆线藻烯(2.34%)等。     

气相色谱/质谱法分析曼陀罗果实挥发油的化学成分

用水蒸汽蒸馏法从曼陀罗果实中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,用峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量。结果确定了68种化合物,占挥发油总量的82.83%,其主要成分为6-戊基-5,6-二氢化吡喃-2-酮(9.13%)、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯-1-醇(6.71%)、二苯酮(6.16%)和1-己醇(6.10%)等。     

GC-MS法分析康定鼠尾草花挥发油中的化学成分

用水蒸气蒸馏法从康定鼠尾草花中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量,结果从康定鼠尾草花挥发油中鉴定出89种化合物,占总挥发油量的95%以上,其中主要成分是二苯胺(21.528%)、芳樟醇(9.873%)、2-丙酮基-3-蒈烯(7.533%)、1,3,3-三甲基-2-丁酮-环己二烯(5.088%)。本文通过对康定鼠尾草花挥发油化学成分的研究,为鼠尾草资源的进一步开发利用提供实验依据。     

GC-MS测定红花酢浆花与叶中的挥发油成分

分析了红花酢浆花与叶中挥发油的化学成分及相对含量。花、叶采用超临界二氧化碳萃取后进行减压蒸馏,再以环己烷和乙醚萃取,在经气相色谱分离后,对离子流中每一峰的质谱图与NIST2011质谱谱库中谱图比对,以匹配率达90%以上确认化学成分;以面积归一化法计算各化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量。结果从红花酢浆花、叶挥发油中共鉴定出113个化合物,其中花中鉴定了挥发油中主要有甲基环己烷(18.42%)、甲苯(17.46%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(5.76%)、2,3-丁二醇(29.84%)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮(7.80%)、2-乙氧基-3-氯丁烷(7.00%)等;叶中挥发油主要有甲苯(17.16%)、甲基环己烷(16.59%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(5.43%)、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷(24.22%)、2-乙氧基-3-氯丁烷(14.14%)、2-甲基-2,4-二甲氧基丁烷(6.12%)等成分。     

苦碟子挥发油化学成分的分析

对我国东北地产苦碟子中挥发油成分进行系统分析,确定挥发油的化学成分,为阐述其生物活性提供依据.采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油,气相色谱--质谱联用仪进行分析.结果鉴定出37种化合物.在这些化合物中,脂肪烷烃类占53.21%,酮、醛类占39.05%,烯、烯醇、烯酸类占4.94%,酯类占1.57%.其挥发油的主要成分是6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮,含量为33.98%.     

GC/MS法结合保留指数分析香青花与叶挥发油的化学成分

研究香青花与叶挥发油的化学成分。采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取香青花与叶中的挥发油,使用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)获得总离子流图,各色谱峰相应的质谱图经过NIST11.L标准谱库检索,辅助保留指数比对定性,并采用峰面积归一化法进行定量分析,计算各成分的相对百分含量。从香青花与叶挥发油中共鉴定出41种物质,相同成分有15种,花与叶挥发油的化学成分含量差异较大,其中花挥发油中主要成分为α-葎草烯(13.46%)、环氧化葎草烯II(8.97%)、Ar-姜黄烯(8.50%)、δ-杜松烯(6.99%)等;叶挥发油中主要成分为α-葎草烯(17.47%)、α-蒎烯(15.17%)、Ar-姜黄烯(8.27%)、(E)-石竹烯(6.06%)等。采用GC-MS法结合保留指数鉴别香青花与叶挥发油中的同分异构体,提高了药用植物不同部位挥发油成分定性的准确性,为香青药用价值的开发和应用提供了参考。     

大叶冬青挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对大叶冬青挥发油的化学成分进行研究,鉴定出大叶冬青挥发油中含醇、酮、酰胺及含氧萜类等71个化学成分,运用峰面积归一化法测定各化学成分的相对百分含量,已鉴定的化学成分占挥发油总量的96.16%.     

三叉耳蕨挥发油HS-SPME-GC-MS分析

采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS),从根中鉴定了31个成分,从叶中鉴定了22个成分。其中有16个共有成分。三叉耳蕨根的挥发油的主要成分是十六醛(11.24%)、正十六酸(9.07%)、十六烷(6.31%)和2,6,10,14-四甲基-十五烷(6.05%)。叶的挥发油的主要成分是邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(9.85%)、(E)-4-(2,6,6-三甲基-2-环己-1-烯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(9.32%)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮(8.25%)和(E)-4-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己-1-烯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(8.05%)。     

碧桃花、叶、茎、果实挥发油成分及抗油脂氧化、抑菌作用

采用超临界CO₂萃取,应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS) 法鉴定碧桃花、叶、茎、果实挥发油中化学成分和相对质量浓度,共鉴定178个化合物。 其中花挥发油中主要成分有苯甲醛(11.42%)、α-金合欢烯(9.18%)、十六烷酸(8.03%)。叶挥发油中主要成分有:苯甲醛(14.72%)、二十五烷(9.85%)、二十八烷(8.29%)、二十三烷(5.14%)。 茎挥发油中主要成分有(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇(28.90%)、(E)-2-己烯醇(16.06%)、正己醇(6.86%)。 果实挥发油中主要成分有:苯甲醛(20.46%)、十六烷酸(5.84%)、苯甲醇(5.01%)。 在10~40 d贮藏期内,花、叶、茎、果实挥发油可明显降低花生油的过氧化值和酸值,其中以茎挥发油高剂量组降低作用最强。 花和茎挥发油具有较强的抑菌作用,其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值在0.024~0.188 g/L范围内。     

Analysis of essential oils by direct sampling from plant secretory structures and capillary gas chromatography

It is of fundamental importance to know the true composition of the essential oil produced by the secretory structures of a plant, both from a biogenetic and a chemotaxonomic point of view. This paper considers a method which combines direct sampling with on-column CGC and studies the oils directly from the secretory structures: some examples are given (Humulus lupulus L., Tagetes erecta L., and Tagetes patula L.). For each plant, the composition of the distilled oil is compared to that obtained by direct sampling, and a photograph of the secretory structures taken by electroscanning microscopy is given.     

Volatile oils from the plant and hairy root cultures of Ageratum conyzoides L

Two lines of hairy root culture of Ageratum conyzoides L. induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834 were established under either complete darkness or 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod conditions. The volatile oil yields from aerial parts and roots of the parent plant, the hairy root culture photoperiod line and the hairy root culture dark line were 0.2%, 0.08%, 0.03% and 0.02%, (w/w), respectively. The compositions of the volatiles from the hairy roots, plant roots and aerial parts were analysed by GC and GC-MS. The main components of the volatiles from the hairy root cultures were β-farnesene, precocene I and β-caryophyllene, in different amounts, depending on light conditions and also on the age of cultures. Precocene I, β-farnesene, precocene II and β-caryophyllene were the main constituents of the volatile oils from the parent plant roots, whereas precocene I, germacrene D, β-caryophyllene and precocene II were the main constituents of the aerial parts of the parent plant. Growth and time-course studies of volatile constituents of the two hairy root lines were compared. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found between the volatile oils from the roots of the parent plant and those from the hairy roots.     

国产西洋参花蕾中挥发油的分离与鉴定

采用气相色谱－质谱－计算机联用方法分析了国产西洋参花蕾挥发油中的化学成分,鉴定了39个化合物,其中倍半萜类总含量占52．78％,令人惊奇的是β-金合欢烯独自占了总挥发油的48．675,经与文献中测得不同部位的西洋参及同科属植物人参中的挥发油成分作对照分析,发现都共同的含有唯一相同又恰是所有测定中相对含量最高的β-金合欢烯,这一结果为阐述人参皂苷的生源合成途径提供了科学依据。     

Isolation of volatiles with insecticidal properties from the genusTagetes (Marigold)

Summary The results of optimizing Soxhlet and Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction (SSDE) procedures for the isolation of natural insecticides fromTagetes erecta, Tagetes patula, andTagetes minuta, members of theCompositae family, are presented. Extraction procedures were developed and validated that produced the extract with the highest degree of biocidal activity. The highest activity was obtained with extracts isolated by SSDE using methylene chloride. Initial work was carried out on a micro-SSDE. Preparative SSDE was used to provide large quantities of extracts for bioassays. Bioassays were used to govern optimization procedures usingAedes aegypti andAnopheles stephensi adults and larvae as target organisms.Tagetes minuta was determined to be the most active of the three species studied. Evaluation of activity and recovery versus extraction time was investigated. It was determined that an extraction time of ten hours resulted in the highest activity and over 90% recovery of the oils. Finally, supercritical fluid extraction of the flowers with CO₂ was compared to SSDE.Dedicated to Professor Leslie S. Ettre on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

Volatile constituents of Festuca nigrescens, Phleum alpinum and Poa alpina from N. W. Italian Alpine pastures

The composition of the volatile fractions of three important grasses from sub-alpine N.W. Italian pastures, namely Festuca nigrescens Lam. non Gaudin (chewing fescue), Phleum alpinum L. (alpine timothy) and Poa alpina L. (alpine bluegrass) was investigated. The fresh aerial parts were collected at the flowering stage during the summer season. The volatile oils obtained from green tissues by steam distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The oil yield was 0.04 +/- 0.01% weight/fresh weight bases for each of the investigated species. Several classes of compounds were found in the volatile fractions, including aldehydes, alcohols, acids, hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, terpenes, and phenolics. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed.     

Essential oil analysis and phytotoxic activity of two ecotypes of Zataria multiflora Boiss. growing in Iran

This study was conducted to assess the allelopathic effect of essential oils (EOs) obtained from the aerial parts of two different ecotypes (ECTPs A and B) of Zataria multiflora Boiss. with the aim of evaluating their in vitro germination and growth inhibition potential. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the oils revealed that carvacrol and linalool (77.4% and 90.6%) were the two major oil components in ECTPs A and B, respectively, which were regarded as two different chemotypes. Other important volatile compounds found in ECTP A were α-pinene (2.7%), p-cymene (7.9%) and γ-terpinene (3.5%). However, in ECTP B these compounds were in lesser amounts and γ-terpinene was not detected. The inhibitory effects of both EOs of ECTPs at concentrations of 0, 80, 160, 320 and 640 μL L?1 on the seed germination and seedling growth of four noxious weeds were evaluated. A significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in germination rate, seedling length, root and stem fresh and dry weights were observed by ECTPs; the highest suppressing effect was observed at 320 and 640 μL L?1. The results reported in this study suggest that herbicidal properties of the two ECTP oils could be attributed to their major components.     

Citrus essential oil of Nigeria. Part V: Volatile constituents of sweet orange leaf oil (Citrus sinensis)

The volatile oils extracted from leaves of eight cultivars of Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck were comprehensively analysed by a combination of GC and GC-MS. Fifty four constituents accounting for 82.3-98.2% were identified. Sabinene (20.9-49.1%), delta-3-carene (0.3-14.3%), (E)-beta-ocimene (4.4-12.6%), linalool (3.7-11.1%) and terpinen-4-ol (1.7-12.5%) were the major constituents that are common to all the volatile oils. In addition, a cluster analysis was carried out and indicated at least four different chemotypes for the C. sinensis cultivars.     

Components of Essential Oils in Different Parts of Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm

Introduction Carrots,avegetablewithabundantnutrition,are therootsofDaucuscarotaL.var.sativaHoffm[1],whichisanumbelliferaeplant.Carrotsshowanti can cerandanti oxidationactivities.Theycanalsobeused topreventeyediseasesandimproveimmunity[2—11],thefactsareun…     

Seasonal variation in the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of volatile oils of three species of Leptospermum (Myrtaceae) grown in Brazil

This study investigates the seasonal variation of three species of Leptospermum (Myrtaceae) grown in Brazil. The chemical composition of the volatile oils of L. flavescens and L. petersonii did not show any significant seasonal variation in the major components, while for Leptospermum madidum subsp. sativum the levels of major constituents of the volatile oils varied with the harvest season. Major fluctuations in the composition of L. madidum subsp. sativum oil included α-pinene (0-15.2%), β-pinene (0.3-18.5%), α-humulene (0.8-30%), 1,8-cineole (0.4-7.1%) and E-caryophyllene (0.4-11.9%). Levels of β-pinene (0.3-5.6%), terpinen-4-ol (4.7-7.2%) and nerolidol (55.1-67.6%) fluctuated seasonally in the L. flavescens oil. In L. petersonii, changes were noted for geranial (29.8-32.8%), citronellal (26.5-33.9%) and neral (22.7-23.5%). The activity of the volatile oils against the tested bacteria differed, depending on season the oils were obtained. In general, the volatile oils were more active against Gram-positive bacteria.     

Isolation of Crithmum maritimum L. volatile oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and biological assays

The chemical composition of the volatile concentrate obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction of aerial parts of Crithmum maritimum L. growing spontaneously in one area of Mediterranean coast (Buggerru, Sardinia Island, Italy) and in two areas of the Atlantic coast (Figueira da Foz and S. Pedro de Moel, Portugal) was investigated by GC and GC-MS. The major oil components identified were p-cymene, beta-phellandrene, gamma-terpinene, thymol methyl ether and dillapiole. The results showed the presence of two chemotypes of C. maritimum with different dillapiole contents, ranging from 0.2 to 64.2% in Portuguese and Italian plants, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the oils against yeasts and dermatophyte strains. All the oils exhibited significant antifungal activity against dermatophyte strains. The oil with the higher amount of dillapiole (64.2%) was the most active with MIC values ranging from 0.08-0.32 microL mL(-1).