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介绍了膜技术的现状、应用及发展。对膜材料的分类、膜反应机理和膜技术的应用进行了探讨,并提出了所面临的问题及对前景的展望。 相似文献
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稀土元素分离检测技术新进展 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
对2003年以来稀土元素分离检测技术的新进展进行了评述,重点集中于各种新型分离技术、新型检测技术及其在稀土元素分析中的应用。对于离子液体、纳米材料、离子印迹聚合物等新型材料以及浊点萃取、膜萃取、毛细管电泳等新型技术在稀士元素分离中的应用进行了详细讨论,并对中子活化分析、等离子体原子发射光谱和等离子体质谱在稀土元素检测中的应用进行了综述,重点讨论了等离子体质谱技术的应用。在回顾稀土元素分离检测技术进展的同时,对其在未来几年的发展趋势进行了评述。 相似文献
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数理统计是原子吸收光谱分析中设计试验和处理数据的有效方法,正确地应用数理统计方法可以提高工作效率。本文对在原子吸收光谱分析中应用数理统计方法的必要性、在国内的应用概况做了详细的介绍,并对应用前景做了展望。 相似文献
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磷烯是继石墨烯之后一种新型的二维材料,具有优异的物理、化学和机械性能,在各类器件中具有大的应用潜力。目前对磷烯的最新制备方法、特性调控和应用的系统总结较少。本文对磷烯的制备、结构、性质、改性方法及其器件应用进行了系统的综述。首先概括了磷烯"自上而下"和"自下而上"的制备方法,对其结构和性质进行了总结,同时讨论了磷烯的修饰改性方法,最后对磷烯的器件应用进行了较详细的介绍,并在此基础上对磷烯的研究方向和前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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稀土硫化物是一类结构复杂、性能丰富、应用广泛的功能材料,在无机颜料、热电材料、光学材料及磁性材料等领域有着独特的优势和广阔的应用前景,是近些年来国际上的研究热点之一.本文总结了稀土硫化物的制备方法及其应用研究进展,对稀土硫化物制备的一些常见方法进行了总结和评述,对稀土硫化物的应用研究进行了总结,重点介绍了γ-稀土倍半硫化物的结构、性能特点以及相应的应用,尤其是它在环保颜料、高温热电材料以及纳米材料等领域中应用;此外,本文对稀土硫化物研究中还存在的一些问题进行了评述,并对未来的相关研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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A novel sensitive and simple electrochemical DNA sensor is reported for the determination of p53 tumor suppressor gene. A gold nanoparticle/graphene nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared and methylene blue was used as the hybridization redox indicator. Scanning electron microscopic and electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the gold nanoparticles and graphene were present on the electrode. The resulting sensor provided suitable electrochemical response to the p53 tumor suppressor gene with a linear dynamic range from 0.1 to 1000?nM. The limit of detection was 0.012?nM. The sensor was able to differentiate a complete complementary DNA sequence, single-base mismatched DNA sequence, and a three-base mismatched DNA sequence. The precision of the device was satisfactory, with a relative standard deviation of 4.1% for 11 measurements. The combination of gold nanoparticles and a graphene nanocomposite provided enhanced capabilities for the determination of DNA for clinical applications. 相似文献
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An electrochemical device is proposed for high-throughput electrochemical detection that consists of 32 row and 32 column electrodes on a single glass substrate. The row and column electrodes are connected to interdigitated array (IDA) electrodes to form 1024 (32 × 32) addressable sensor points in the device. Electrochemical responses from each of the 1024 sensors were successfully acquired on the device within 1 min using redox cycling at individual IDA electrodes, which ensures application of the device to comprehensive, high-throughput electrochemical detection for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reporter gene assay for monitoring gene expressions, and DNA analysis. 相似文献
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Shakhmaeva II Saifullina DV Sattarova LI Abdullin TI 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,401(8):2591-2597
We designed an electrochemical sensor based on a carbon nanotube modified electrode (ME) to analyze DNA-cleaving activity.
The cleavage of high molecular weight DNA resulted in an increase in the oxidation current from DNA guanine nucleotides due
to a change in DNA adsorptive behavior on the surface of the ME. DNA digestion with DNAse I was accompanied by a linear increase
in the DNA signal in proportion to the enzyme activity. We then proposed an assay based on the sensor for the direct assessment
of the total deoxyribonuclease activity of blood serum as well as the separate detection of DNAse I and DNA abzymes. The assay
was applied to analyze deoxyribonucleases in sera from 21 healthy donors and 17 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Our
results show that the response of the sensor to DNA cleavage by blood deoxyribonucleases is a promising diagnostic criterion
for autoimmune thyroiditis. This sensor can be implemented in a disposable screen-printed electrode format for application
in clinical laboratories. 相似文献
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本文构建DNA聚合酶I的新型DNA电化学传感器,将捕获探针通过Au-S键固定于Au基底表面,与互补靶序列杂交至点突变前一个碱基,通过DNA聚合酶Ⅰ将dUTP-biotin连接在目标DNA的检测位点,再与avidin-HRP反应,而后测定在TMB溶液中的电化学特性. 结果表明,DNA电化学传感电极的检测电流值与K-ras突变型基因浓度(1.0×10-15 ~ 1.0×10-10 mol·L-1)对数呈良好的线性关系,且灵敏度高,特异性较佳. 相似文献
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G. A. Evtyugin G. K. Budnikov A. V. Porfir’eva 《Russian Journal of General Chemistry》2008,78(12):2489-2506
General tendencies of the progress in the development of electrochemical DNA sensors devoted to the determination of biologically active low-molecular compounds have been considered on the base on own authors investigations and literary data. The ways for the generation of analytical signal of DNA sensors are considered depending on the mechanism of DNA- analyte interaction. The application of DNA sensors for the determination of pharmaceuticals (anthracyclines,. phenothiazines, sulfonylamides etc.) and environmental pollutants is described. The prospects of DNA sensor development are discussed. 相似文献
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An indicator-based and indicator-free magnetic assays connected with a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) were successfully developed, and also compared for the electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization. The oxidation signals of echinomycin (ECHI) and electroactive DNA bases, guanine and adenine, respectively were monitored in the presence of DNA hybridization by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The biotinylated probe was immobilized onto the magnetic beads (magnetic particles, microspheres) and hybridization with its complementary target at the surface of particles within the medium was exhibited successfully using electrochemical sensor system. For the selectivity studies, the results represent that both indicator-based and indicator-free magnetic assays provide a better discrimination for DNA hybridization compared to duplex with one-base or more mismatches. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of the magnetic assays based on indicator or indicator-free were found in nM concentration level of target using disposable sensor technology with good reproducibility. The characterization and advantages of both proposed magnetic assays connected with a disposable electrochemical sensor are also discussed and compared with those methods previously reported in the literature. 相似文献
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分子印迹聚合物与磁性纳米材料结合,制备成磁性分子印迹纳米敏感膜,这样做不仅可以发挥分子印迹聚合材料的优势,而且磁性纳米粒子可有效提高电化学传感器的灵敏度、稳定性以及生物相容性等。近年来将磁性分子印迹纳米敏感膜应用于电化学传感器制备成的磁性分子印迹电化学传感器得到了较快的发展。本文就近5年来磁性分子印迹电化学传感器敏感膜所用的磁性材料、敏感膜制备方法以及磁性分子印迹电化学传感器在环境、食品以及临床方面的应用进行了综述总结。 相似文献
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The application of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based screen printed graphite electrodes (SPEs) was explored in this study for the electrochemical monitoring of DNA hybridization related to specific sequences on Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. After the microscopic characterization of bare MWCNT‐SPEs and DNA immobilized ones was performed, the optimization of assay has been studied. The development of screen printing process combined with nanomaterial based disposable sensor technology leads herein a great opportunity for DNA detection using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) by measuring the guanine oxidation signal observed at +1.00 V in the presence of DNA hybridization between HBV probe and its complementary, target. The detection limit estimated for signal to noise ratios =3 corresponds to 96.33 nM target concentration in the 40 μL samples. The advantages of carbon nanotube based screen printed electrode used for electrochemical monitoring of DNA hybridization are discussed with sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility in comparison with previous nanomaterial based electrochemical transducers developed for DNA or other biomolecular recognitions. 相似文献