Pd/γ-Al2O3三效催化剂中CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3的作用

用浸渍法制备了CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3复合氧化物,用XRD,TG-DTA,拉曼光谱、H2-TPR和BET表面积测定等方法对合成的样品进行了表征,研究了在单钯Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中添加CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3对催化剂活性和热稳定性的影响.结果表明,在Pd/γ-Al2O3中加入三元复合氧化物有利于提高三效催化剂的热稳定性,有利于阻止γ-Al2O3在高温时的相变以稳定Al2O3结构,防止在高温条件下催化剂表面积的损失.在Pd的负载量为1 g*L-1条件下,测定了Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂对CO,C3H6和NO净化的三效活性,研究了催化剂的结构和三效催化活性之间的关系.结果表明,CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3的存在能明显提高Pd基催化剂对CO,C3H6和NO的三效净化活性,扩大催化剂的操作窗口,提高在富氧条件下对NOx的还原性能.     

CeO2和La2O3改性Pd/γ-Al2O3甲醇低温分解催化剂的研究 Ⅱ. La2O3对Pd/CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构和性能的影响

 在Pd／CeO2／γ－Al2O3中进一步添加La2O3,并考察了其催化甲醇分解性能．结果表明：La2O3的加入抑制了副产物二甲醚的生成;随着La2O3含量的增加,催化剂活性先降低后升高,w（La2O3）＝10％时甲醇转化率达到极大值（约91．4％）．XRD,BET,NH3－TPD,XPS,H2－TPR和FT－IR等表征结果表明：La2O3自身在γ－Al2O3载体上的分散性很好,并且促进了CeO2在γ－Al2O3载体上的分散及其体相氧的还原,使Pd的分散度进一步提高,并使Pd和CeO2之间的相互作用进一步增强,从而提高了催化剂催化甲醇分解的活性．     

CeO2-ZrO2复合氧化物对金属蜂窝整体催化剂性能的影响

 用浸渍法制备了不同比例的CeO2－ZrO2复合氧化物，并用XRD，H2－TPR和BET等研究了复合氧化物的晶相、还原性能及热稳定性．结果表明，所制备的CeO2－ZrO2复合氧化物形成了固溶体，Ce0．6Zr0．4O2比Ce0．90Zr0．10O2更容易被H2还原；1100℃老化后，晶胞参数无明显变化，比表面积仍有11．8m2／g．模拟二冲程摩托车尾气组成，对用贵金属Pt，Pd，Rh与CeO2及CeO2－ZrO2固溶体所制备的催化剂进行了活性评价．结果显示，1100℃老化后，催化剂仍具有很高的氧化活性．在贫氧区，Pt－Pd－Rh／Ce0．6Zr0．4O2－Al2O3对碳氢化合物氧化的催化活性则有一定的优势，是一种具有较高热稳定性的催化剂．     

助剂对Pd/γ-Al2 O3催化剂上NO选择催化还原的影响

研究了含氧条件下钯催化剂上进行丙烯选择催化还原NO的反应,考察浸渍法制备的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中加入碱(土)金属或稀土氧化物助剂对NO转化率的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD表征及在氧化气氛中饱和吸附NO后的TPD研究.结果表明,助剂CeO2、 Li2O能较大幅度提高催化剂的低温活性,使NO的最高转化率增加1～3.5倍.Pd/CeO2-Al2O3、 Pd/Li2O-Al2O3催化剂有较高的Pd分散度及较强的NO解离吸附能力.并讨论了NO、 N2O、 NO2-和NO3-等吸附态物种在催化剂表面的形成及脱附特性对催化剂选择催化还原NO性能的影响.     

助剂CeO2对Co/Al2O3催化剂上F-T合成反应性能的影响

 在用于F－T合成的Co／Al2O3催化剂中加入少量助剂,能够提高CO转化率和C5＋烃选择性．主要考察了助剂CeO2添加量和催化剂焙烧温度等因素对F－T合成反应的影响,并通过程序升温还原、程序升温氧化及X射线衍射等手段对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明,在Co／Al2O3催化剂中加入少量CeO2（n（Ce）／n（Co）＝0．1～0．14）,能够有效提高催化剂的催化活性和C5＋烃选择性;焙烧温度则以相反的趋势控制F－T反应活性和链增长几率;助剂的加入降低了催化剂的起始还原温度,改善了催化剂的还原性能．但是,催化剂的积碳量有所增加,经10h反应后,催化剂上存在两种类型的积碳．     

红外光谱研究Pt-Re/Al2O3重整催化剂的表面结构

CO和NO吸附或两者竞争吸附在Pt／Al2O3，Re／Al2O3和Pt－Re／Al2O3催化剂上的红外光谱可以给出Pt和Re的表面结构信息．本文研究的催化剂为低金属载量的Pt／Al2O3，Re／Al2O3和工业型Pt－Re／Al2O3，其中Pt含量0．22％，Re含量0．43％（质量分数）．实验结果表明，用NO与CO双分子竞争吸附的红外光谱实验方法可分别表征还原态Pt－Re／Al2O3重整催化剂上Pt表面和Re表面，并视需要可对Pt表面和Re表面进行半定量分析．在还原态工业型Pt－Re／Al2O3重整催化剂表面上，没有明显迹象表明有Pt－Re合金形成．     

负载型Pd三效催化剂：载体CeO2-ZrO2-BaO的制备及催化性能

制备了不同BaO含量的CeO2-ZrO2储氧材料,并以此材料为载体浸渍H2PdCl6制得三效催化剂.结果表明,不论新鲜还是1 000 ℃老化状态下,以10%BaO添加CeO2-ZrO2储氧材料制备的Pd三效催化剂活性最佳,起燃和完全转化温度最低.XPS结果证实,10%BaO添加.通过稳定PdO活性组分并改变其电子环境使得催化剂有最佳活性.而随着BaO含量持续增加,Pd活件组分相对处于较氧化状态.储氧量、低温N2吸附-脱附测试以及XRD测试结果均表明10%BaO添加的材料储氧量,比表面积以及孔容均最大,而且有适应三效催化的孔径.这些结果均有助于以其制备的Pd三效催化剂获得更好的活性以及热稳定性.     

掺杂对Pd/Al2O3催化剂物相结构及表面氧性质的影响

采用XRD、DTA、TPD－MS及流动反应法等手段，研究了掺杂超细ZrO2对Pd／Al2O3催化剂物相结构、表面氧性能及催化活性的影响.结果表明，掺杂超细ZrO2，对催化剂Pd／Al2O3的载体物相变化（α－Al2O3的生成）有明显的抑制作用，很高了催化剂的贮氧能力及表面吸附氧的活性，从而提高了催化剂的耐热稳定性、氧化能力以及对贫氧气氛的适应能力．     

（Ag／Al2O3＋Cu／Ce（x）／Al2O3）组合催化剂催化乙醇选择性还原NO工及其副产物的消除

制备了Cu／Ce（x）／Al2O3（X为Ce与Al的摩尔比）系列氧化催化剂,并考察了（Ag／Al2O3＋Cu／Ce（x）／Al2O3）组合体系催化乙醇还原NO,以及氧化去除反应副产物（CO和未完全燃烧的碳氧化合物）的活性．在200～350℃温度区间,组合催化剂具有与Ag／Al2O3相似的NO,去除效率．随着Ce／Al比增加,氧化催化剂去除CO的活性逐渐提高．Cu／CeO2催化剂具有最好的氧化活性,但其对NOx的去除有较大影响．综合考虑NOx转化率以及CO和HC的去除效果,（Ag/Al2O3＋Cu／Ce（0．15）／Al2O3）是最佳的催化剂组合体系．通过对此系列氧化催化剂的BET比表面积、XRD、H2-TPR以及XPS等表征结果的分析,发现Cu和Ce之间的相互作用是催化剂氧化CO能力提高的主要原因．     

用CuO／γ－Al2O3催化剂同时脱除烟气中的SO2和NO

 研究了用CuO／γ－Al2O3催化剂同时脱除烟气中的SO2和NO，并在固定床反应器中考察了反应条件对其催化活性的影响．结果表明，温度和SO2对CuO／γ－Al2O3的催化活性均具有双重影响．新鲜催化剂和硫化催化剂上最适宜的脱硝温度分别为250～300℃和300～450℃，最适宜的n（NH3）／n（NO）约为1．2．烟气中的氧可大大提高CuO／γ－Al2O3的脱硫脱硝活性．综合考虑吸附硫容和NO脱除率，CuO／γ－Al2O3同时脱硫脱硝的最适宜温度为350～450℃．温度和SO2在高温区对CuO／γ－Al2O3活性的影响源于两者对NH3氧化活性的改变，高温下CuO／γ－Al2O3的活性下降是因为NH3氧化加剧；SO2通过使催化剂硫化生成硫酸盐来抑制NH3氧化，从而提高CuO／γ－Al2O3的活性．吸硫饱和的催化剂可于5％NH3中还原再生，再生后其硫容较初始时降低，但其活性大幅度提高．     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.