La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂的制备及其苯酚加氢脱氧催化性能

以NaBH4为还原剂采用化学还原法制备出La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行表征,研究了助剂La对Ni-Mo-B催化剂催化性能的影响.结果显示,加入适量助剂La能显著减小催化剂粒径,增加Ni0含量,促进Mo6+还原生成Mo4+,但过量La会覆盖Ni0和Mo4+的活性位点.催化剂的高加氢活性主要归因于其非晶态结构和高Ni0含量,高脱氧活性主要归因于其高Mo4+含量.在苯酚的加氢脱氧(HDO)反应中,La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂催化苯酚HDO反应主要按照加氢-氢解的路径进行的,显著降低了产物中芳烃含量.通过优化反应条件,催化苯酚的转化率和脱氧率都可达到99.0%.高温下La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂失活的主要原因是非晶态结构的破坏.     

Preparation and catalytic properties of Ni(Co)-W-B amorphous catalysts for 4-cresol hydrodeoxygenation

采用化学还原法制备出非晶态催化剂Ni-W-B和Co-W-B,用BET、XRD和XPS对催化剂进行表征分析,以对甲基苯酚为模型化合物研究了两种催化剂的加氢脱氧性能.结果表明,所制备的两种催化剂均为非晶态结构,两种催化剂在对甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应中都显示出较好的脱氧活性.在相对低温523 K下,Ni -W-B催化剂显示较高的加氢活性,转化率达到100.0％,对甲基环己醇的选择性为55.1％,脱氧选择性只有44.1％,而Co-W-B催化剂显示出较高的脱氧活性,脱氧选择性达到93.1％,这主要是由于催化剂的表面不同价态元素组成含量引起的.在573 K和4.0 MPa下,催化对甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应的转化率和脱氧选择性都能达到100％.     

Ni-Co-P非晶态合金催化香草醛HDO性能的研究

采用化学还原法合成Ni-P非晶态合金,添加Co元素对非晶态合金进行改性,采用XRD、SEM、XPS、DSC等方法对非晶态合金进行结构与性能的表征。以香草醛加氢脱氧制2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯酚(MMP)为探针考察催化剂的加氢脱氧(HDO)性能。结果表明,Ni与Co之间的协同作用不仅有助于Ni的还原,增加催化剂活性中心数目,而且提高了非晶态合金分散度、无序度和热稳定性。在优化的反应条件下:n_(Co)/(n_(Co)+n_(Ni))(物质的量比)=0.08、H_2分压为2.0 MPa、反应温度为150℃、反应时间为180 min、催化剂用量为0.05 g,香草醛的转化率达到100%,MMP选择性为82.7%。催化剂循环五次后,香草醛的转化率保持100%,MMP的选择性下降到68.7%。     

La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂的制备、加氢脱氧性能及失活研究

以NaBH₄为还原剂采用化学还原法制备La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂,用BET、SEM、XRD和XPS等手段对催化剂进行表征,以4-甲基苯酚为探针研究其加氢脱氧性能,并探讨了4-甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应路径。结果表明,助剂La的加入,减小了催化剂的粒径,增大了比表面积,促进Ni²+和Mo⁶+的还原。275℃时,4-甲基苯酚加氢脱氧转化率达97%,甲基环己烷选择性达96%,加氢脱氧反应按氢化-氢解路径进行,产物中芳烃含量明显低于世界燃油规范Ⅲ类油标准（芳烃的质量分数小于15%）。催化剂活性降低的主要原因是由于Ni活性中心的非晶态结构被破坏。     

Ni(Co)-W-B非晶态催化剂的制备和加氢脱氧性能研究

采用化学还原法制备出非晶态催化剂Ni-W-B和Co-W-B,用BET、XRD和XPS对催化剂进行表征分析,以对甲基苯酚为模型化合物研究了两种催化剂的加氢脱氧性能。结果表明,所制备的两种催化剂均为非晶态结构,两种催化剂在对甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应中都显示出较好的脱氧活性。在相对低温523 K下,Ni-W-B催化剂显示较高的加氢活性,转化率达到100.0%,对甲基环己醇的选择性为55.1%,脱氧选择性只有44.1%,而Co-W-B催化剂显示出较高的脱氧活性,脱氧选择性达到93.1%,这主要是由于催化剂的表面不同价态元素组成含量引起的。在573 K和4.0 MPa下,催化对甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应的转化率和脱氧选择性都能达到100%。     

超声波辅助制备非晶态Ni-Mo-B催化剂及其加氢脱氧性能研究

用普通方法和超声波法制备了非晶态Ni-Mo-B催化剂,用BET、SEM、XRD、XPS和FT-IR等手段对催化剂进行表征。以苯酚为探针考察了催化剂的制备因素和反应温度对催化剂加氢脱氧性能的影响,探讨了苯酚在非晶态Ni-Mo-B催化剂表面上的吸附加氢脱氧反应机理。结果表明,超声波条件下制备的催化剂粒径小,颗粒团聚减弱,比表面积大,MoO₂与B的含量高,催化剂活性高。在498K时,苯酚的转化率达81.08%,脱氧选择性达93.39%。     

Ni-Co-B非晶态合金催化肉桂醛常压加氢制3-苯丙醛的研究

采用化学还原法制备了一系列Ni-Co-B非晶态合金催化剂, 通过调变金属盐混和液中Ni^2＋/Co^2＋的比例, 可制得不同Co含量的Ni-Co-B非晶态合金. 用ICP, BET, XRD, TEM, SAED, DSC, XPS和H₂-TPD对其组成、结构、粒子大小、表面形貌和表面电子态进行了系列表征, 并以肉桂醛常压加氢制苯丙醛作为探针反应, 考察了所制备的Ni-Co-B非晶态合金的催化性能. 结果表明, Ni-Co-B非晶态合金中Ni为活性中心, Co的引入可显著增加其催化活性. 由于催化测试中金属总量固定为1.0 g, 因此增加Ni-Co-B中Co的含量具有正负两方面的效应. 一方面, 由于Ni活性位数目的减少加氢活性降低; 另一方面, Co对Ni活性中心具有协同作用, 有利于增加合金的无序度、金属-类金属间相互作用、表面Ni含量和电子相互作用, 从而提高催化活性. 最佳Co与(Ni＋Co)摩尔比含量的范围为0.2～0.5.     

油水两相体系中非晶态NiB/SiO_2-Al_2O_3对生物油模型化合物的加氢脱氧研究

制备了负载型的非晶态NiB/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂,利用XRD、TEM、N2吸附-脱附和XPS表征手段对其进行了分析,并考查了催化剂在油水两相体系中对生物油模型化合物苯甲醚和愈创木酚的加氢脱氧性能。结果表明,在B的修饰作用下,Ni处于富电子状态,从而导致非晶态NiB/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的加氢脱氧活性明显高于晶态Ni/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂。提高催化反应温度和延长反应时间有利于愈创木酚和苯甲醚的加氢脱氧转化。在实验结果的基础上,对愈创木酚和苯甲醚的加氢脱氧反应路径进行了分析,为生物油加氢脱氧反应机理提供了参考依据。     

Ru/Co-Al-O负载型催化剂的制备及其加氢脱氧性能研究

先采用共沉淀法制备出Co-Al类水滑石,其经煅烧后形成的复合氧化物用作载体制备出一系列Ru/Co-Al-O负载型催化剂,并采用XRD、BET、FT-IR等方法对其结构性能进行表征分析,最后以木质素生物质油的典型含氧化合物对甲基苯酚为模型,测试所制催化剂的加氢脱氧性能。主要研究了载体中Co/Al物质的量比、催化剂还原温度等因素对催化剂加氢脱氧活性的影响,并优化了HDO反应温度。结果表明,当Co/Al物质的量比为3∶1,催化剂还原温度为350℃,反应温度为275℃时,催化剂的加氢脱氧活性最高,催化对甲基苯酚加氢脱氧反应的转化率和脱氧率都达到了100%。     

非负载Ni(Co)-Mo-Al_2O_3纳米催化剂的制备及其生物油模型化合物加氢脱氧性能研究

采用热沉淀法制备了纳米级(粒径在15~30nm)非负载Ni(Co)-Mo-Al2O3催化剂,并用BET、XRD、SEM、TEM等技术对催化剂进行了表征;并以乙酸为探针分子,在连续流动固定床反应器上评价了催化剂的加氢脱氧活性,考察了Ni、Co活性组分、焙烧温度对催化剂的晶态结构及催化性能的影响.结果表明:在考察的反应条件下,Ni、Co活性组分加入后,使Mo-Al2O3催化剂的活性明显提高;而且Ni-Mo-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱氧活性明显高于Co-Mo-Al2O3催化剂的活性;焙烧温度由500℃升高到550℃时,催化剂的比表面积增大,晶化度提高,催化剂的活性提高.     

Glucose‐ and Cellulose‐Derived Ni/C‐SO3H Catalysts for Liquid Phase Phenol Hydrodeoxygenation

Sulfonated carbons were explored as functionalized supports for Ni nanoparticles to hydrodeoxygenate (HDO) phenol. Both hexadecane and water were used as solvents. The dual‐functional Ni catalysts supported on sulfonated carbon (Ni/C‐SO₃H) showed high rates for phenol hydrodeoxygenation in liquid hexadecane, but not in water. Glucose and cellulose were precursors to the carbon supports. Changes in the carbons resulting from sulfonation of the carbons resulted in variations of carbon sheet structures, morphologies and the surface concentrations of acid sites. While the C‐SO₃H supports were active for cyclohexanol dehydration in hexadecane and water, Ni/C‐SO₃H only catalysed the reduction of phenol to cyclohexanol in water. The state of 3–5 nm grafted Ni particles was analysed by in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the metallic Ni was rapidly formed in situ without detectable leaching to the aqueous phase, suggesting that just the acid functions on Ni/C‐SO₃H are inhibited in the presence of water. Using in situ IR spectroscopy, it was shown that even in hexadecane, phenol HDO is limited by the dehydration step. Thus, phenol HDO catalysis was further improved by physically admixing C‐SO₃H with the Ni/C‐SO₃H catalyst to balance the two catalytic functions. The minimum addition of 7 wt % C‐SO₃H to the most active of the Ni/C‐SO₃H catalysts enabled nearly quantitative conversion of phenol and the highest selectivity (90 %) towards cyclohexane in 6 h, at temperatures as low as 473 K, suggesting that the proximity to Ni limits the acid properties of the support.     

Ni-Co-B非晶态合金催化剂用于氯代硝基苯液相加氢制氯代苯胺

 用化学还原法制备了 Ni-Co-B 非晶态合金催化剂,并采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、选区电子衍射、X射线衍射、X射线能谱和差热-热重分析等表征手段研究了催化剂的非晶性质和原子组成等. 将此催化剂用于邻氯硝基苯和 3,4-二氯硝基苯的液相催化加氢反应,结果表明,当Co/(Co+Ni)=0.5 (摩尔比)时, Ni-Co-B 催化剂具有较好的加氢性能和较高的抑制脱卤性能. 在不加脱卤抑制剂的情况下,两种氯代硝基苯的转化率均接近100%, 脱卤率分别为1.12%和0.42%, 优于使用 Ni-B 和 Co-B 非晶态合金催化剂时的结果. 还讨论了将Co引入到 Ni-B 非晶态合金催化剂时对其性能的影响.     

CO和H2在非晶态合金Ni-B、Co-B催化剂上的吸附及其作用的TPD-MS研究

ＣＯ和Ｈ_２在非晶态合金Ｎｉ－Ｂ、Ｃｏ－Ｂ催化剂上的吸附及其作用的ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ研究张菊,郑小明,周烈华（杭州大学催化研究所,杭州,３１００２８）关键词非晶态Ｎｉ（Ｃｏ）－Ｂ合金,Ｈ_２、ＣＯ吸附,ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ非晶态合金作为一种新型催化材料在加氢反应中表...     

Ni含量对Co_(1-x)Ni_xB催化水解放氢性能的影响(英文)

采用化学还原法以乙醇为溶剂在冰水浴中合成了一系列Co1-xNixB合金催化剂,研究了该系列合金不同Ni含量对NaBH4水解放氢性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)显示Co1-xNixB合金是纳米非晶态颗粒.放氢测试表明Co1-xNixB具有很高的催化活性.放氢速率先随着Ni含量的增加而增大,并在x=0.15时放氢速率达到最大值,然后随x值的增加而减小.298K时Co0.85Ni0.15B合金催化碱性硼氢化钠水解的最大放氢速率可达4228mL·min-1·g-1,CoB和Co0.85Ni0.15B合金催化放氢的活化能分别为34.25和31.87kJ·mol-1.因此以乙醇为溶剂合成的Co1-xNixB合金具有较高的催化活性.     

Effect of ethanedioic acid functionalization on Ni/Al_2O_3 catalytic hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization of octadec-9-enoic acid into biofuel: kinetics and Arrhenius parameters

The effect of ethanedioic acid(Ed A) functionalization on Al_2O_3 supported Ni catalyst was studied on the hydrodeoxygenation(HDO), isomerization, kinetics and Arrhenius parameters of octadec-9-enoic acid(OA) into biofuel in this report. This was achieved via synthesis of two catalysts; the first, nickel alumina catalyst(Ni/Al_2O_3) was via the incorporation of inorganic Ni precursor into Al_2O_3; the second was via the incorporation nickel oxalate(Ni Ox) prepared by functionalization of Ni with Ed A into Al_2O_3 to obtain organometallic Ni Ox/Al_2O_3 catalyst. Their characterization results showed that Ni species present in Ni/Al_2O_3 and Ni Ox/Al_2O_3 were 8.2% and 9.3%, respectively according to the energy dispersive X-ray result. Ni Ox/Al_2O_3 has comparably higher Ni content due to the Ed A functionalization which also increases its acidity and guarantees high Ni dispersion with weaker metal-support-interaction leading to highly reducible Ni as seen in the X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TPR and Raman spectroscopy results. Their activities tested on the HDO of OA showed that Ni Ox/Al_2O_3 did not only display the best catalytic and reusability abilities, but it also possesses isomerization ability due to its increased acidity. The Ni Ox/Al_2O_3 also has the highest rate constants evaluated using pseudo-first-order kinetics,but the least activation energy of 176 k J/mol in the biofuel formation step compared to 244 k J/mol evaluated when using Ni/Al_2O_3. The result is promising for future feasibility studies toward commercialization of catalytic HDO of OA into useful biofuel using organometallic catalysts.     

Metallic nickel supported on mesoporous silica as catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation: effect of pore size and structure

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of anisole, a methoxy-rich lignin-derived bio-oil model compound, was carried out over a series of Ni-containing (5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%) catalysts with commercial silica and ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 as support. Both supports and catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction, CO chemisorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Catalytic reaction was performed at 250 °C and 10 bar H₂ pressure. Depending on the catalyst support used and the content of active metal, the catalytic activity and product distribution changed drastically. Increase of the nickel loading resulted in increased anisole conversion and C₆ hydrocarbon (benzene and cyclohexane) yield. However, loading more Ni than 20 wt% resulted in a decrease of both conversion and C₆ yield due to agglomeration of Ni particles. In addition, Ni/SBA-15 samples exhibited much stronger catalytic activity and selectivity toward C₆ hydrocarbon products compared with Ni/silica catalysts. The differences in catalytic activity among these catalysts can be attributed to the effect of the pore size and pore structure of mesoporous SBA-15. SBA-15 can accommodate more Ni species inside channels than conventional silica due to its high pore volume with uniform pore structure, leading to high HDO catalytic activity.