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1.
尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结晶行为   总被引:67,自引:4,他引:63  
用广角X 射线衍射(WAXD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、小角激光散射(SALS)等手段研究了尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结晶行为.结果表明分散在尼龙6基体中的蒙脱土纳米粒子起成核剂的作用.蒙脱土的表面改性增加了蒙脱土和尼龙6分子之间的界面粘接,它具有阻碍尼龙6结晶的作用,使结晶活化能增加  相似文献   

2.
聚氧化乙烯/蒙脱土纳米嵌入化合物的制备与结构表征   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
利用溶液法和熔融法制备聚氧化乙烯(PEO)/蒙脱土纳米嵌入化合物,用XRD,IR和DSC等测试手段对嵌入化合物进行了表征。嵌入的PEO分子同蒙脱土晶层中的Na^+生成PEO-Na^+络合物,嵌入化合物具有一定的耐溶剂萃取剂,PEO分子以单层螺旋构象排列于蒙脱土的晶层中,PEO分子在蒙脱土层间运动受到限制,致使嵌入化合物的结晶熔融峰减弱。  相似文献   

3.
熔体插层制备尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能表征   总被引:75,自引:6,他引:69  
通过熔体插层成功地制备了尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,测试了力学性能、耐热性能和耐溶剂性.通过TEM、WAXD、DSC等手段,研究了结构与结晶行为,并与插层聚合的尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行了对比.实验表明通过熔体插层可使尼龙6基体插层于蒙脱土中,所得到的复合物的性能较尼龙6有很大提高,且与插层聚合的尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能相当.  相似文献   

4.
极低密度聚乙烯与其它聚乙烯的共混   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
从结构角度,用DSC,WAXD,SAXS研究了聚乙烯(PE)家族中极低密度聚乙烯(VLDPE)与其它PE的互容性.HDPE/VLDPE是共晶互容的,以其大量无规部分“溶解”了HDPE的结晶缺陷部分,提高了HDPE的Tc,Tm,Xc,结晶峰半高宽变窄,晶胞参数随组成而有最低值.VLDPE与LLDPE结构极为相似,DSC及WAXD证明其共混物是共晶相容体系.LDPE/VLDPE的结晶度符合按组成的计算值,但晶胞参数a,b以及晶粒尺寸增大,DSC上有分别相应于两组份的两个Tm;VLDPE的Tc,Tm峰高之和高于按组份的计算值,LDPE的Tm,Tc则低于计算值.认为是正如LLDPE/LDPE,LDPE向充满整个体积的VLDPE中不断填入,以VLDPE为晶核而结晶,形成相分离的不相容体系.  相似文献   

5.
尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的等温结晶动力学研究   总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29  
用DSC法研究了熔体插层制备的尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的等温结晶行为.结果表明,加入少量的蒙脱土可明显提高尼龙6的结晶速率,降低球晶径向生长的单位面积表面自由能.从Avrami方程和Hofman理论出发,得出蒙脱土纳米粒子的存在可明显改变尼龙6的结晶行为  相似文献   

6.
蒙脱土修饰电极上某些神经递质的电化学行为   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
采用不同电化学方法对神经递质多巴胺(DA)在蒙脱土修饰电极上的行为进行了研究,结果发现,蒙脱土修饰膜地DA有明显的富集作用。在PH7.4时,DA强烈地富集在蒙脱土膜内,并显示完成的伏安响应而抗坏血酸(AA)和DAR的代谢产物3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)则无任何响应。采用计时库仑法测定了DA在蒙脱土膜内的表观扩散系数为2.3×10^-9cm^2/s,并计算了异相速率常数为2.7×10^-6cm  相似文献   

7.
用FTIR和WAXD法研究了甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)的邻位和对位异氰酸酯基因与蒙脱土表面羟基的修饰反应,在此基础上提出了结构模型;用TDI修饰后的蒙脱土成功制备了插层型聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并用WAXD和TEM进行了表征。实验结果表明,修饰后TDI与蒙脱土表面形成化学键,使蒙脱土的片层间距显著增大,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在蒙脱土层间由双层平行排列转变为双层脂肪链倾斜方式  相似文献   

8.
热致液晶(LC70)/PET共混物的结构与性能   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用WAXD、DSC、POM、SEM和力学测试方法研究了LC70/PET原位复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明,当LC70/PET<20%时,LC70对PET的结晶生长具有一定促进作用;当LC70/PET>30%时,共混物结晶能力迅速下降,结晶放热和熔融焓明显降低。  相似文献   

9.
聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐及其离聚物的非等温结晶动力学   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
余坚  何嘉松 《高分子学报》1999,39(5):513-519
用 D S C 测定了固相接枝法制备的聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐( P P g M A H) 及其3 种5 个离聚物在不同冷却速率的非等温结晶动力学.分析了结晶峰温( Tmax) 、结晶起始温度( T0) 、结晶峰的初始斜率( Si) 及结晶峰的半高宽( Δw ) 等结晶峰参数;用 Avrami 方程和综合了 Avrami Ozawa 方程的方法处理非等温结晶动力学.对于全部样品在所有的冷却速率下, Avrami 指数n 值均在25 ~28 之间,说明聚丙烯结晶行为没有改变;但同时发现接枝及离子化后,成核速率加快,晶粒分布变窄,结晶总速率增大,与等温结晶动力学得到的结论一致.  相似文献   

10.
合成了不同用量、不同分子量的矣乙二醇醚(PEG)或取丁二醇醚(PTMG)与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/蒙脱士(MMT)的嵌段共聚物,研究了MMT在共聚物中的分散状态及PEG或PTMG对PET/MMT插层聚合物结晶性能的影响。结果表明,MMT在共聚物中以纳米尺寸分散;加入PEG或PTMG谱强了聚酯链段柔顺性,使共聚行熔体降结晶温度提高,冷结晶温度降低,即插层嵌段共聚物的结晶速率提高,在合成的共聚  相似文献   

11.
Nylon 6–clay hybrid is a molecular composite of nylon 6 and uniformly dispersed silicate layers of montmorillonite. One-pot synthesis of the hybrid was carried out by the following procedures. Montmorillonite was dispersed in water, and then ε-caprolactam, acid (phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, isophthalic acid, trichloroacetic acid, or acetic acid), and 6-aminocaproic acid were added to the dispersion. The mixtures were reacted at 260°C for 6 h, yielding the nylon 6–clay hybrids (1potNCHs). X-ray diffraction revealed that the silicate layers of 1potNCH by phosphoric acid were uniformly dispersed in the nylon 6 matrix. The 1potNCH had excellent mechanical properties. The strength and the modulus of the hybrid increased compared with previously reported nylon 6–clay hybrid (NCH) synthesized by montmorillonite intercalated with 12-aminolauric acid. The heat distortion temperature (HDT) of the 1potNCH was 160°C, which was 8°C higher than that of NCH. In other 1potNCHs, montmorillonite had a smaller effect on the increase of those properties, and interlayer spacing of montmorillonite was observed at ca. 20 Å. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

12.
聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料Ⅰ.制备、表征及动态力学性能   总被引:56,自引:0,他引:56  
用原位接枝插层法成功地制备了聚丙烯 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料 (PPMNC) .采用X射线衍射研究复合材料中蒙脱土硅酸盐片层间距 ,发现硅酸盐片层间距从 1 94nm升至 4nm左右 .同时研究了PPMNC的动态力学性能 ,结果表明 :PPMNC的动态储能模量明显高于聚丙烯 (PP) ,尤其在T >Tg 高温段 ,甚至可以达到PP基体的 2倍  相似文献   

13.
Highly exfoliated isotactic‐polypropylene/alkyl‐imidazolium modified montmorillonite (PP/IMMT) nanocomposites have been prepared via in situ intercalative polymerization. TEM and XRD results indicated that the obtained composites were highly exfoliated PP/IMMT nanocomposites and the average thickness of IMMT in PP matrix was less than 10 nm, and the distance between adjacent IMMT particles was in the range of 20–200 nm. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of highly exfoliated PP/IMMT nanocomposites were investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and polarized optical microscope (POM). The crystallization half‐time t1/2, crystallization peak time tmax, and the Avrami crystallization rate constant Kn showed that the nanosilicate layers accelerate the overall crystallization rate greatly due to the nucleation effect, and the crystallization rate was increased with the increase in MMT content. Meanwhile, the crystallinity of PP in nanocomposites decreased with the increase in clay content which indicated the PP chains were confined by the nanosilicate layers during the crystallization process. Although the well‐dispersed silicate layers did not have much influence on spherulites growth rate, the nucleation rate and the nuclei density increased significantly. Accordingly, the spherulite size decreased with the increase in MMT content. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2215–2225, 2009  相似文献   

14.
采用多碳氨基酸对蒙脱土进行改性 ,得到改性蒙脱土 (MTN) ,并使其层间距扩大 ,在一定条件下用茂金属催化剂Cp Ti(O C6 H4 F) 3 进行苯乙烯原位聚合发现 ,在氨基酸改性的蒙脱土存在下 ,茂金属催化剂活性有所提高 ,能制得间规聚苯乙烯 (sPS) 蒙脱土纳米复合材料 ,考察了蒙脱土用量对配位聚合的影响及该复合材料的形态结构、热稳定性和结晶性能  相似文献   

15.
In order to prevent the properties, especially transparency, color and health security, of PET/clay nanocomposites from being deteriorated due to the thermal degradation of clay organo‐modifer, we had directly modified sodium montmorillonite (Na+‐MMT) with PET's monomer, bis (hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) which had a degradation temperature higher than 400°C, and successfully prepared the hybrids via in situ polymerization. Nanodispersion of clay and the intercalated morphology were determined, and compared with PET/Na+‐MMT hybirds in which Na+‐MMT was directly added without any treatment. Improved mechanical properties and Tg were observed for the prepared PET/ BHET‐modified clay composites. More importantly, the film produced from the composites had the same transparency as that of pure PET even when 2 wt% of clay was added. Non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization experiments showed a very good neculation capability of the nano‐dispersed clay, particularly at higher crystallization temperatures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
We investigated the effects of montmorillonite (clay) on the crystallization kinetics of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) with isothermal differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The clay was dispersed into the sPS matrix via melt blending on a scale of 1–2 nm or up to about 100 nm, depending on the surfactant treatment. For a crystallization temperature of 240 °C, the isothermal crystallization data were fitted well with the Avrami crystallization equation. Crystallization data on the kinetic parameters (i.e., the crystallization rate constant, Avrami exponent, clay content, and clay/surfactant cation‐exchange ratio) were also investigated. Experimental results indicated that the crystallization rate constant of the sPS nanocomposite increased with increasing clay content. The clay played a vital role in facilitating the formation on the thermodynamically more favorable all‐β‐form crystal when the sPS was melt‐crystallized. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2097–2107, 2001  相似文献   

17.
The kinetics of crystallization of quenched poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films during the imbibition of methylene chloride (MeCl2) vapor is studied by density measurements. The effects of film thickness (0.0025–0.086 cm) and temperature (0–38°C) were examined. The data suggest that MeCl2 transport controls the crystallization in thick films and at elevated temperatures, but that spherulite growth controls in thin films and at reduced temperatures. The application of a mathematical model developed previously supports this mechanistic interpretation of the data.  相似文献   

18.
一些无机微粒被广泛用做聚合物的增强材料,其中特别引起人们注意的是一种粘土,即蒙脱土(montmorillonite).蒙脱土具有层状结构,其特点一是微粒尺寸小,二是可以和多种单体发生插层聚合反应,给出聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料[1~3].纳米复合材料指的是其基质中分散相的尺寸至少有一维小于100nm数量级的复合材料.由于其纳米尺度效应、大的比表面积以及强的界面相互作用,纳米复合材料的物理力学性能优于相同组分常规复合材料.因此,无论从基本理论研究角度还是从应用角度上看,对聚合物纳米复合材料的研究都…  相似文献   

19.
将插层聚合的概念引入烯烃聚合,制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/MMT)纳米复合材料。X射线衍射和TEM分析结果表明,蒙脱土在聚丙烯基体中达到了纳米级的分散,动态力学性能研究结果表明,在高于Tg的温度区域内PP/MMT纳米复合材料的储能模量(E′)成倍增加,加入8%的蒙脱土(MMT),PP/MMT的E′提高近3倍。PP/MMT的玻璃化转变温度Tg有一定程度的提高,随蒙脱土含量的增加,PP/MMT的热分解温度和热变形温度(HDT)都有大幅度提高。  相似文献   

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