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1.
比较了旋转蒸发仪、全玻璃蒸馏装置和全自动蒸馏控制系统3种蒸馏方法,对葡萄酒乙醇δ13C值的影响,确定了元素分析-同位素比质谱仪(Elementary analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometer)最佳测定条件,建立了元素分析-同位素比质谱法测定乙醇δ13C值方法。在重复性和再现性条件下,对乙醇标准及葡萄酒乙醇δ13C值进行测定,标准偏差低于0.25‰。检测食品同位素分析技术-能力测试计划(FIT-PTS)两个葡萄酒样品乙醇δ13C值,与给定值相差0.2‰。采用液相色谱-同位素比质谱法(Liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry)与本方法分别对16个国家和地区40个葡萄酒样品的乙醇δ13C值测定,其结果为!23.90‰~28.29‰,且两种检测方法的检测结果差值︳Δδ(EA-LC)max︳<0.3‰,具有较强的相关性(R2=0.9749)。本方法无同位素分馏,适用于葡萄酒中乙醇δ13C值测定。 相似文献
2.
本文以鸡油和猪油为例,旨在运用稳定碳同位素技术建立区分痕量动物油与植物油的区分检验方法。先在实验室内制备猪油和鸡油样品,然后运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、气相色谱-同位素比值质谱仪(GC-IRMS)和元素分析-同位素比值质谱仪(EA-IRMS)对猪油和鸡油的脂肪酸组成与其全油和脂肪酸的稳定碳同位素比值进行了研究。结果显示:鸡油的δ13C值处于-21.58‰至-18.30‰(脂肪酸:-21.58‰~-18.30‰;全油:-19.82‰~-19.30‰)的区间;猪油的δ13C值处于-22.16‰至-16.15‰(脂肪酸:-22.16‰~-16.15‰;全油:-18.70‰~-16.83‰)的区间;鸡油和猪油的δ13C值与大多数植物油的δ13C值存在显著差异。因此,基于动物油与植物油在δ13C值方面存在的显著差异性,建立区分痕量动物油和植物油的高灵敏的检验方法。 相似文献
3.
元素分析-碳同位素比值质谱法在纯正葡萄汁掺假鉴别中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用元素分析-同位素比值质谱法(EA-IRMS)对纯正葡萄汁掺假情况进行研究。通过测定152个不同产区纯正葡萄汁的碳同位素比值(δ~(13)C值),初步建立了纯正葡萄汁的同位素数据库。检测结果表明,纯正葡萄汁中糖的δ~(13)C值(δ~(13)CS)范围为-26.92‰~-24.16‰,而有机酸的δ~(13)C值(δ~(13)CO)范围为-27.56‰~-24.99‰。根据上述两个参数,提出了纯正葡萄汁应满足的δ~(13)C值要求:有机酸和糖的差值(Δδ~(13)C_(O-S))在-1.63‰~0.72‰范围内。采用该法对85个市售葡萄汁进行检测,检出31个掺入碳-4植物糖和有机酸的阳性样品。糖浆添加实验的结果表明,该方法可以检测8%以上碳-4植物糖的掺假,能有效鉴别葡萄汁的掺假,在葡萄汁的品质保证方面有很大的实际应用潜力。 相似文献
4.
液相色谱-同位素比值质谱法研究桔橙汁中柠檬酸碳同位素比值 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以国际原子能机构提供的蔗糖(δ13C为-10.449‰)作为溯源标准,建立了液相色谱-同位素比值质谱联用法(LC-IR MS)分析天然柑桔、橙汁中柠檬酸碳同位素比的方法,对不同产地个柑桔、橙子中有机酸碳同位素情况进行了研究。基于建立天然水果的柠檬酸碳同位素δ13C值的数据,提出了柑桔、橙子样品的δ13C值范围。方法将果汁用水稀释后,液相色谱-钙离子交换色谱在线制备柠檬酸,氢型离子交换柱分离柠檬酸后采用液相色谱-稳定同位素比质谱分析,柠檬酸方法检出限为5μg/m L,在2.00~100μg/m L水平时,柠檬酸响应与浓度成线性关系,相关系数为0.9997。方法日内、日间和人员比对结果相对标准偏差小于0.82%。收集不同产地161个橙子、167个柑桔测得天然桔汁中柠檬酸δ13C值在-32.87‰~-27.07‰之间,橙汁柠檬酸δ13C值在-32.73‰~26.01‰之间。采集40个市售柑桔、橙汁样品进行鉴定,检出17个掺有C4植物柠檬酸的的阳性样品,新方法可提高勾兑柠檬酸掺假果汁的鉴别能力。 相似文献
5.
《分析试验室》2015,(11)
以IAEA-600咖啡因(δ13C-27.771‰)作为溯源标准,建立了气相色谱同位素质谱技术测定鱼油中功能因子亚油酸(LIA)、亚麻酸(LNA)、花生四烯酸(ARA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)等5种不饱和脂肪酸碳稳定同位素比值δ13C的分析方法。鱼样品先经HCl水解,乙醚液液萃取脂肪,提取的脂肪在2 mol/L KOH-甲醇溶液中反应生成脂肪酸甲酯,采用强极性毛细管气相色谱柱(Sil-88 100 m×0.25 mm×0.2μm)分离,稳定同位素比质谱测定。方法经日内、日间和人员比对验证,表明测定结果稳定,标准偏差小于0.82%。收集了不同产地的241个淡水鱼和深海鱼,对于提取的天然鱼油进行5种不饱和脂肪酸同位素比值分析,测得天然鱼油中5种不饱和脂肪酸同位素比值(δ13C)在-32.87‰~27.07‰之间,经计算,鱼油中不饱和脂肪酸δ13C值与硬脂酸δ13C值之比在-5.79~1.88之间,同时测得了相同的产地、品种鱼油中不饱和脂肪酸δ13C的分布范围,构建了天然鱼油的同位素指纹特征数据库,用于鉴定鱼油真伪。将不同浓度玉米油添加至天然金枪鱼油中进行测定,证明δ13C值的变化与掺入C4植物油量呈良好的线性关系,方法可根据δ13C值的变化鉴别掺假的鱼油。 相似文献
6.
气相色谱-燃烧-同位素比率质谱法测定葡萄酒中5种挥发性组分的碳同位素比值及其在产地溯源中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
建立了一种利用气相色谱-燃烧-同位素质谱(Gas chromatography-combustion-Isotope ratio mass spectrometers,GC-C-IRMS)测定葡萄酒中5种挥发性组分(即乙醇、丙三醇、乙酸、乳酸乙酯、2-甲基-丁醇)碳稳定同位素比值新方法。优化了GC-C-IRMS测定条件,进样量小于0.5μL,样品分析时间小于14 min。对以上5种挥发性成分标准品的测定精密度为0.08‰~0.25‰,葡萄酒样品的测定精密度为0.09‰~0.36‰,与元素分析-同位素比率质谱仪(Element analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometers,EA-IRMS)比较,其测定偏差低于0.5‰。利用该技术分析了产自法国、澳大利亚、美国和中国共54支葡萄酒中5种挥发性组分的碳稳定同位素值并进行产地溯源分析,判别分析(Discriminant analysis,DA)结果表明,仅利用以上5种挥发性组分的碳同位素比值就能有效区分以上4个产地的葡萄酒,说明葡萄酒挥发性成分稳定碳同位素可应用于葡萄酒的产地溯源。 相似文献
7.
采用热脱附与稳定同位素质谱联用技术分析了城市不同源及大气环境中挥发性有机物排放的单体同位素特征。系统考察了样品进样量、进样方式和样品分离度对同位素分馏影响情况。使用填有Tenax TA的吸附管采集汽油车尾气、汽油挥发、柴油车尾气、柴油挥发、溶剂挥发和餐饮油烟等污染源,以及城市不同功能区的挥发性有机物(VOCs)样品,不同污染源中挥发性有机物的稳定碳同位素δ13C值不同,97#汽油车尾气的δ13 C值偏重,平均值为-25.84‰,富集13 C;餐饮油烟的δ13 C值偏轻,平均值为-30.26‰。油品挥发比燃烧后以尾气的形式排放的苯系物δ13 C值重。厦门市各功能区挥发性有机物的δ13 C平均范围在-27.03‰~-25.40‰,接近于汽油和柴油挥发及尾气中的δ13 C值,表明厦门市空气中挥发性有机物以机动车排放源为主。 相似文献
8.
建立了元素分析-稳定同位素质谱(EA-IRMS)同时测定原料奶粉中δ13 C/δ15 N的检测方法。该方法稳定性(标准偏差):参考气体δ13 C<0.02‰/δ15 N<0.04‰、实际样品δ13C<0.18‰/δ15 N<0.06‰;线性(斜率):参考气体δ13 C<0.04/δ15 N<0.01,实际样品δ13C<0.04/δ15 N<0.01,长期稳定性能满足以上指标。对来源各异的原料乳粉(含半成品原料、牛初乳粉)持续性的检测结果表明,多种原料乳粉均有各自稳定且差异性显著的δ13 C区间:新西兰(-26‰~-29‰)、澳大利亚(-26‰~-27‰)、美国(-16‰)、丹麦(-22‰~-24‰)、内蒙古(-25‰)、新疆/宁夏(-17‰~-22‰)。同时在半成品原料乳粉中,δ13C值在1段到3段呈现规律性变大的趋势,而δ15 N无明显变化,多集中在6‰~8‰这一区间。对部分原料乳粉中可能非法加入的,用以提高乳粉中氮含量的外源物质进行测定发现,常见化工类高氮化合物如尿素、三聚氰胺δ15 N为负值,与原料奶粉及其他蛋白类高氮物有显著差异。将三聚氰胺作为添加物,按提高蛋白含量10%的比例加入某一原料乳粉中,经过此方法检测,发现其δ15 N从6.344‰降至5.660‰。EA-IRMS技术具有较好的稳定性和重现性,降低了操作难度和成本,可以应用到企业中作为监控原料乳粉来源和质量品质稳定性的方法。 相似文献
9.
用从国际原子能机构溯源得到的橄榄油标准物质[Cat No.B 2172-Batch 3130,其δ13CPDB为(-28.51±0.16)‰]作标准,应用稳定同位素比质谱法测定了苹果和苹果汁的δ13 C值,并以此确定国产苹果的δ13 C值的范围和鉴定制成的果汁的质量。苹果样品去皮后切碎,打成糊状,离心后取其上清液,在75℃加热2~3h至呈黏稠状液体,冷却至室温。此时其糖度约为70Brix。浓缩苹果汁样品是黏稠液体,其糖度一般也在70Brix左右。取2μL上述样品置于锡杯中,按方法处理后供质谱分析。标准物质的进样量为2μL。按所测得碳的稳定同位素13C与12C的比值代入所给公式计算δ13 C值。结果表明:方法的精密度较好,其相对标准偏差(n=11)均小于0.021%。根据测定结果发现,我国苹果的δ13C值在-29.1‰~-23.33‰之间。 相似文献
10.
中国化石燃料的同位素地球化学 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文总结了作者近20年对中国化石燃料同位素研究结果。对煤而言,δ~(13)C分布的主频度在—25.5‰到—23.5‰。热演化影响可以忽略,但煤岩组份对δ~(13)C值有明显影响,壳质组含量增加,全煤δ~(13)C值相应变轻。煤系热模拟产物δ~(13)C所显示的规律有:气态烃在液态烃产出的峰值处有最轻的δ~(13)C值。液态烃与全煤具有相似δ~(13)C值,族组份中烷烃部分随温度增高δ~(13)C有变重的趋势。通过天然气的δ~(13)C和δD研究,将中国天然气划分出生物-热催化过渡带气这一类型。甲烷δD随水介质盐度增大而相应变重。轻烃同位素研究把气-液-源岩的关系更好的联系起来,它们的δ~(13)C系列对比有利于确定源岩。陆相石油δ~(13)C值,在有机质为Ⅰ型,介质为淡水时δ~(13)C较轻;Ⅲ型,盐水沉积环境的石油相对富集~(13)C。液、固相化石燃料的碳同位素组成主要受母质同位素继承效应的影响,其它因素影响较小。 相似文献
11.
Freddy Thomas 《Analytica chimica acta》2009,649(1):98-105
An international collaborative study of isotopic methods applied to control the authenticity of vinegar was organized in order to support the recognition of these procedures as official methods. The determination of the 2H/1H ratio of the methyl site of acetic acid by SNIF-NMR (site-specific natural isotopic fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance) and the determination of the 13C/12C ratio, by IRMS (isotope ratio mass spectrometry) provide complementary information to characterize the botanical origin of acetic acid and to detect adulterations of vinegar using synthetic acetic acid. Both methods use the same initial steps to recover pure acetic acid from vinegar. In the case of wine vinegar, the determination of the 18O/16O ratio of water by IRMS allows to differentiate wine vinegar from vinegars made from dried grapes. The same set of vinegar samples was used to validate these three determinations.The precision parameters of the method for measuring δ13C (carbon isotopic deviation) were found to be similar to the values previously obtained for similar methods applied to wine ethanol or sugars extracted from fruit juices: the average repeatability (r) was 0.45 ‰, and the average reproducibility (R) was 0.91‰. As expected from previous in-house study of the uncertainties, the precision parameters of the method for measuring the 2H/1H ratio of the methyl site were found to be slightly higher than the values previously obtained for similar methods applied to wine ethanol or fermentation ethanol in fruit juices: the average repeatability was 1.34 ppm, and the average reproducibility was 1.62 ppm. This precision is still significantly smaller than the differences between various acetic acid sources (δ13C and δ18O) and allows a satisfactory discrimination of vinegar types. The precision parameters of the method for measuring δ18O were found to be similar to the values previously obtained for other methods applied to wine and fruit juices: the average repeatability was 0.15‰, and the average reproducibility was 0.59‰. The above values are proposed as repeatability and reproducibility limits in the current state of the art.On the basis of this satisfactory inter-laboratory precision and on the accuracy demonstrated by a spiking experiment, the authors recommend the adoption of the three isotopic determinations included in this study as official methods for controlling the authenticity of vinegar. 相似文献
12.
Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is applied to confirm testosterone (T) abuse by determining the carbon isotope ratios (δ13C value). However, 13C labeled standards can be used to control the δ13C value and produce manipulated T which cannot be detected by the current method. A method was explored to remove the 13C labeled atom at C-3 from the molecule of androsterone (Andro), the metabolite of T in urine, to produce the resultant (A-nor-5α-androstane-2,17-dione, ANAD). The difference in δ13C values between Andro and ANAD (Δδ13CAndro–ANAD, ‰) would change significantly in case manipulated T is abused. Twenty-one volunteers administered T manipulated with different 13C labeled standards. The collected urine samples were analyzed with the established method, and the maximum value of Δδ13CAndro–ANAD post ingestion ranged from 3.0‰ to 8.8‰. Based on the population reference, the cut-off value of Δδ13CAndro–ANAD for positive result was suggested as 1.2‰. The developed method could be used to detect T manipulated with 3-13C labeled standards. 相似文献
13.
Vetter W Armbruster W Betson TR Schleucher J Kapp T Lehnert K 《Analytica chimica acta》2006,577(2):250-256
The δ2H- and δ13C-values of polyhalogenated compounds were determined by EA-IRMS. Most of the compounds were related to the chloropesticides DDT and its metabolites, hexachlorocyclohexanes, and toxaphene, as well as several polybrominated compounds such as bromophenols and -anisoles. δ2H-values ranged between −235‰ and +75‰ whereas δ13C-values were found in the range −22‰ to −38‰. No correlation between δ2H- and δ13C-values could be identified. Comparative analysis clarified that bromophenols and the corresponding bromoanisoles may vary in their isotopic distribution. 2H NMR was used to quantify abundances of 2H isotopomers. Quantification of isotopomers of 2,4-dibromophenol and 2,4-dibromoanisole proved that both compounds from different suppliers do not originate from the same source. Differences in the δ2H-values of two toxaphene products were further investigated by the synthesis of products of different degree of chlorination from camphene. It was shown that the δ13C-values remained mostly unaltered as was expected since no carbon is lost in this procedure. However, the reaction products became enriched in 2H with increasing degree of chlorination. Different δ2H-values of the starting material will also impact the δ2H-values of the chlorination products. 相似文献
14.
In the present study the natural abundance of 13C is quantified in agricultural soils in Mexico which have been submitted to different agronomic practices, zero and conventional tillage, retention of crop residues (with and without) and rotation of crops (wheat and maize) for 17 years, which have influenced the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. The natural abundance of C13 is quantified by near infrared spectra (NIRS) with a remote reflectance fibre optic probe, applying the probe directly to the soil samples.Discriminate partial least squares analysis of the near infrared spectra allowed to classify soils with and without residues, regardless of the type of tillage or rotation systems used with a prediction rate of 90% in the internal validation and 94% in the external validation. The NIRS calibration model using a modified partial least squares regression allowed to determine the δ13C in soils with or without residues, with multiple correlation coefficients 0.81 and standard error prediction 0.5‰ in soils with residues and 0.92 and 0.2‰ in soils without residues. The ratio performance deviation for the quantification of δ13C in soil was 2.5 in soil with residues and 3.8 without residues. This indicated that the model was adequate to determine the δ13C of unknown soils in the −16.2‰ to −20.4‰ range. The development of the NIR calibration permits analytic determinations of the values of δ13C in unknown agricultural soils in less time, employing a non-destructive method, by the application of the fibre optic probe of remote reflectance to the soil sample. 相似文献
15.
液相色谱/元素分析-同位素比值质谱联用法鉴定蜂蜜掺假 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用液相色谱/元素分析-同位素比值质谱联用法(LC/EA-IRMS)对国内蜂蜜掺假情况进行了研究。基于测定得到的38个纯正蜂蜜样品的碳同位素δ13C值数据,提出了纯正蜂蜜样品的δ13C值要求: 蛋白质和蜂蜜的δ13C差值(Δδ13CP-H)≥~0.95‰,果糖和葡萄糖的δ13C差值(Δδ13CF-G)在~0.64‰至0.53‰范围内,各个组分间的δ13C最大差值(Δδ13Cmax)<2.09‰。对150个日常检测样品、蜂农和蜂蜜供应商的蜂蜜样品分别采用本文建立的LC/EA-IRMS和国家标准方法(EA-IRMS)进行鉴定,LC/EA-IRMS方法检出58个掺有C3或C4植物糖浆的阳性样品,而EA-IRMS方法仅检出7个掺有C4植物糖浆的阳性样品,可见新方法大大提高了对蜂蜜掺假的鉴别能力。 相似文献
16.
Substituent Distribution of Cyanoethyl Cellulose 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Estimation of the substitution distribution for cyanoethyl cellulose was carried out by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses after the additional acetylation. Based on the complemental function of cyanoethyl and acetyl substituents, the degree of substitution (DS) of cyanoethyl groups could be calculated from the ratios of the 1H integrated intensities in acetyl methyl ( 1.8–2.1) and cyanoethyl methylene ( 2.6–2.9) protons, and also from the corresponding ratios for acetyl methyl carbon signals ( 19.7–21.3) and cyanoethyl methylene carbon signals ( 17.5–19.0). Good agreement was obtained between the DS values obtained from the NMR spectroscopic analyses and those determined by the conventional nitrogen content method, indicating the validity of the NMR method used. In addition, the NMR method was found to be effective in determining the positional substituent distribution by the quantitative analysis of the three cyan carbon signals ( 118–120). 相似文献
17.
Alain Chaintreau Wolfgang Fieber Horst Sommer Alexis Gilbert Keita Yamada Naohiro Yoshida Alain Pagelot Detlef Moskau Aitor Moreno Jürgen Schleucher Fabiano Reniero Margaret Holland Claude Guillou Virginie Silvestre Serge Akoka Gérald S. Remaud 《Analytica chimica acta》2013
Isotopic 13C NMR spectrometry, which is able to measure intra-molecular 13C composition, is of emerging demand because of the new information provided by the 13C site-specific content of a given molecule. A systematic evaluation of instrumental behaviour is of importance to envisage isotopic 13C NMR as a routine tool. This paper describes the first collaborative study of intra-molecular 13C composition by NMR. The main goals of the ring test were to establish intra- and inter-variability of the spectrometer response. Eight instruments with different configuration were retained for the exercise on the basis of a qualification test. Reproducibility at the natural abundance of isotopic 13C NMR was then assessed on vanillin from three different origins associated with specific δ13Ci profiles. The standard deviation was, on average, between 0.9 and 1.2‰ for intra-variability. The highest standard deviation for inter-variability was 2.1‰. This is significantly higher than the internal precision but could be considered good in respect of a first ring test on a new analytical method. The standard deviation of δ13Ci in vanillin was not homogeneous over the eight carbons, with no trend either for the carbon position or for the configuration of the spectrometer. However, since the repeatability for each instrument was satisfactory, correction factors for each carbon in vanillin could be calculated to harmonize the results. 相似文献
18.
Xavier de la Torre Cristiana Colamonici Davide Curcio Francesco Molaioni Francesco Botrè 《Analytica chimica acta》2012
The confirmation by GC/C/IRMS of the exogenous origin of pseudo-endogenous steroids from human urine samples requires extracts of adequate purity. A strategy based on HPLC sample purification prior to the GC/C/IRMS analysis of human urinary endogenous androgens (i.e. testosterone, androsterone and/or androstenediols), is presented. A method without any additional derivatization step is proposed, allowing to simplify the urine pretreatment procedure, leading to extracts free of interferences permitting precise and accurate IRMS analysis, without the need of correcting the measured delta values for the contribution of the derivatizing agent. The HPLC extracts were adequately combined to both reduce the number of GC/C/IRMS runs and to have appropriate endogenous reference compounds (ERC; i.e. pregnanediol, 11-keto-etiocholanolone) on each GC–IRMS run. The purity of the extracts was assessed by their parallel analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, with GC conditions identical to those of the GC/C/IRMS assay. The method has been validated according to ISO17025 requirements (within assay precision below 0.3 ‰ 13C delta units and between assay precision below 0.6 ‰ 13C delta units for most of the compounds investigated) fulfilling the World Anti-Doping Agency requirements. 相似文献
19.
The direct molecular structure implementations of the gage-including atomic orbital (GIAO), individual gages for atoms in
molecules (IGAIM) and continuous set of gage transformations (CSGT) methods for calculating nuclear magnetic shielding tensors
at both the Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional (B3LYP) levels of theory with 6-31G(d), 6-311G(d), 6-31++G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p),
and 6-311++G(df,pd) basis sets are presented. Dependence on the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts on the choice of method and basis set have been investigated. Also, these chemical shifts of 2-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles
5a–g have been performed related to dihedral angles (C4–C3–C2–O) of two conformers. The optimized molecular geometries and 1H and 13C chemical shift values of 2-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 5a–g in the ground state have been obtained. The linear correlation coefficients of 13C NMR chemical shifts for these molecules were given. The new nuclear magnetic shielding tensors of tetramethylsilane (TMS)
were calculated. The data of 2-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives display significant molecular structure and NMR analysis.
Also, these provide the basis for future design of efficient materials having the 1,3,4-oxadiazole core. 相似文献