固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测食用油和地沟油中辣椒素和二氢辣椒素

采用基于氢键相互作用原理的固相萃取与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术,建立了食用油和地沟油中天然辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的快速分析方法。该方法中油脂样品经正己烷稀释后直接进行固相萃取。优化了一系列影响萃取效率的参数,包括固相萃取材料用量、解吸液种类、解吸液体积、上样液中油脂基质的含量等。在优化条件下,以上两种目标物在0.01~100ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(R2>0.9983),检出限低至4.5pg/mL,日内、日间相对标准偏差分别小于12.2%和14.1%。该方法已成功应用于多种食用油和地沟油中天然辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的分析检测,具有简便快捷,有机溶剂消耗少等优点,为地沟油的鉴别提供了一种新选择。     

液-液萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定“地沟油”中辣椒碱类化合物及丁香酚

建立了“地沟油”中辣椒碱类化合物(包括辣椒素、二氢辣椒素、合成辣椒素)及丁香酚的液-液萃取及液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。“地沟油”中辣椒碱类化合物及丁香酚用甲醇萃取,采用SUPEL COSIL ABZ+Plus dC18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离,电喷雾离子源在正、负离子模式下电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式扫描。对辣椒素、二氢辣椒素、合成辣椒素及丁香酚的检出限分别为0.02、0.03、0.03和0.6 μg/L,且在一定的质量浓度范围内线性良好。同一操作人员与不同操作人员间测定的精密度低于5%。该方法专属性强、灵敏、准确,可以作为“地沟油”的判定标准之一。     

非正常食用油鉴别新方法(二): 特征奇数碳脂肪酸的多维气相色谱-质谱检测

通过对脂肪酸的非靶标/靶标筛查,确立了非正常食用油(俗称地沟油)的内源性特征指示物: 两种奇数碳脂肪酸,包括源自动物油的13-甲基十四烷酸和源自加热植物油的十一烷酸。并借助多维气相色谱-质谱技术,依据不同极性气相色谱柱的保留作用,不仅实现了不同碳数烷酸以及同碳数烷酸异构体之间的有效分离,达到了对13-甲基十四烷酸和十一烷酸准确定量的目的;而且实现了对目标化合物的在线净化、富集。凭借该项检测方法,参加了国家食品安全风险评估中心组织的第四、五批地沟油盲样考核。经过不断完善,该方法阴性样品的正确率提高到100%,阳性样品的正确率分别达到71%和75%。再结合辣椒碱指标,从内、外源指示物两方面全面、准确地对食用油样品进行判定,使得阳性样品的正确率分别提高至89%和100%。目前,该方法已经入选国家卫生部公布的四大地沟油鉴定仪器分析方法,正等待权威部门的协同性验证。     

液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱分析鉴别地沟油中的氧化成分

采用液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱(HPLC-APCI-MS)方法,分析了食用油脂和地沟油的甘油三酯(TAG)组成。采用C18色谱柱,乙腈-丙酮为流动相,梯度洗脱,APCI正离子模式检测。应用本方法检测了15个地沟油和11个食用油样品,结果表明,地沟油中存在三亚油酸甘油酯(LLL)、二亚油酸单油酸甘油酯(LOL)、二亚油酸单亚麻酸甘油酯(LLnL),二油酸单亚油酸甘油酯(OOL)等甘油三酯的5种亚油酰基氧化产物。采用偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)化学计量学方法,分析建立了地沟油和正常食用油的判别模型,实现了正常食用油和地沟油区分,模型正确判别率96.2%。在判别模型中,含有亚油酸环氧化物的TAG分子对判别贡献率较大,该类化合物可作为地沟油区别于正常油脂的标志成分。     

高效液相色谱法测定富含油脂辣椒制品中的辣椒素类物质

建立了高效液相色谱法测定高油脂辣椒制品中3种主要辣味成分的方法.样品以70%乙醇提取,采用反相高效液相色谱分离,紫外检测器;根据色谱峰的保留时间定性,以外标峰面积法定量辣椒素(C)、二氢辣椒素(DC)、去甲二氢辣椒素(NDC),结果以斯氏指数(SHU)计.NDC的色谱行为与C极其类似,NDC可采用C的标准曲线定量.采用色谱柱,ZORBAX SB-C18;流动相,V(甲醇)∶V(水)=70∶30;UV检测波长,230 nm;辣椒素和二氢辣椒素RSD分别为1%,1.5%(n=5);回收率分别为97.5%、94.5%.辣椒素和二氢辣椒素在0.001～0.1 mg/mL范围内线性良好;LOD 0.1 mg/L,LOQ 0.5 mg/L.供试品溶液稳定,12 h内测定RSD为1%.方法满足辣味水平评价要求.     

LC-MS/MS鉴别地沟油新方法

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时测定地沟油中辣椒素、二氢辣椒素及胡椒碱3种难挥发性微量杂质成分的方法。样品采用正己烷饱和的乙腈提取,经Thermo BDS Hypersil C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.4μm)色谱柱梯度洗脱分离,在电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式采集数据进行定性定量测定。3种地沟油特征物质在相应的浓度范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99,在3个不同加标水平下,平均回收率为65%～89%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.3%～16.1%,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)和定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)分别为0.03、0.1μg/kg。实际样品测试表明,该方法简便快速、灵敏可靠,可作为地沟油鉴别的重要手段之一。     

超高效液相色谱法快速测定辣椒素类物质

建立了超高效液相色谱法快速测定辣椒制品中辣椒素、二氢辣椒素、降二氢辣椒素的方法.样品以四氢呋喃-甲醇(体积比1:1)提取,采用反相高效液相色谱分离.色谱柱为BEH C18,流动相乙腈-水进行梯度洗脱;二极管阵列检测器(DAD),检测波长为280 nm.各成分在1.0 -100.0 mL/L范围内线性良好.辣椒素、二氢辣...     

反相高效液相色谱法测定辣椒果实中辣椒素含量

１引言辣椒是我国广泛栽培的蔬菜作物，品种多，资源丰富，为了对大批辣椒品种资源进行辣味品质鉴定，需建立快速测定辣椒果实中辣椒素（ｃａｐｓａｉｃｉｎ）含量的方法。在国内，辣椒素的测定一般采用分光光度法，但该方法的样品前处理繁琐，且灵敏度较低。应用反相高效液相色谱法进行辣椒素的定量分析在国内尚未见报道，本文对辣椒果实中辣椒素的卒取及色谱分离条件进行了探讨，得到了满意的分离效果。２实验部分２．１仪器与试剂Ｖａｌｌａｎ５０００型高效液相色谱仪，ＵＶ－１００可变波长紫外检测器，ＣＤＳ４０１数据处理系统。辣椒…     

GPC–HPLC–MS/MS法测定食用油中天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素含量

以动植物油脂为实验材料,建立了测定食用油中天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素含量的凝胶渗透色谱–高效液相色谱–串联质谱(GPC–HPLC–MS/MS)法。样品经凝胶渗透色谱净化后,采用液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC–ESI–MS/MS)分析,多反应监测模式(MRM)下外标法定量。在0.1~5.0μg/L范围内线性良好,天然辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和合成辣椒素的相关系数分别为0.999 6,0.999 8,0.999 8,检出限为0.5μg/kg。在5μg/kg添加水平下,空白加标回收率为71.5%~82.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.0%~8.3%(n=6)。该方法样品处理过程简便快捷,测定结果准确,可满足实验室大量、快速分析的需求。     

超高效液相-串联质谱法同时测定蜂蜜中15种喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了蜂蜜样品中15种喹诺酮类兽药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。蜂蜜样品用磷酸盐缓冲溶液溶解提取后,用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相-电喷雾串联四级杆质谱检测,外标法定量。测定时用Acquity UPLC BEHC18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,体积分数0.1%甲酸溶液-乙腈系统梯度洗脱,质谱测定采用多重反应监测(MRM)模式。15种喹诺酮类兽药的检出限均低于或等于1.0 ng/mL,回收率均在78.6%～112.9%范围内,相对标准偏差均在10%范围内。该方法各项指标均能满足国内外各项法规的要求,可用于蜂蜜样品中喹诺酮类药物残留的定量和定性检测。     

基于~1H NMR指纹图谱结合多变量分析的地沟油检测方法

地沟油事件是中国近期发生的严重食品安全事故,而针对地沟油的检测目前尚无非常有效的方法报道.本研究对60种市售植物油和地沟油样品分别进行了核磁H谱测定,建立了12个鉴别指标,采用聚类分析技术对样品进行聚类分析,并将样品分为8大类,建立了判别函数.将未知样品的1H NMR数据代入判别函数,可检测和判别未知油的来源和品质.将该方法应用于两次盲测共69个样品,结果显示,两次盲测的正确率分别为91.9%和93.8%,可作为食用油品质检测的重要参考.     

Sequential (step-by-step) detection,identification and quantitation of extra virgin olive oil adulteration by chemometric treatment of chromatographic profiles

An analytical method for the sequential detection, identification and quantitation of extra virgin olive oil adulteration with four edible vegetable oils--sunflower, corn, peanut and coconut oils--is proposed. The only data required for this method are the results obtained from an analysis of the lipid fraction by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total number of 566 samples (pure oils and samples of adulterated olive oil) were used to develop the chemometric models, which were designed to accomplish, step-by-step, the three aims of the method: to detect whether an olive oil sample is adulterated, to identify the type of adulterant used in the fraud, and to determine how much aldulterant is in the sample. Qualitative analysis was carried out via two chemometric approaches--soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) and K nearest neighbours (KNN)--both approaches exhibited prediction abilities that were always higher than 91% for adulterant detection and 88% for type of adulterant identification. Quantitative analysis was based on partial least squares regression (PLSR), which yielded R2 values of >0.90 for calibration and validation sets and thus made it possible to determine adulteration with excellent precision according to the Shenk criteria.     

Monitoring of the Sources of Environmental Pollution with Crude Oil

The possibility of preliminary identification of sources of environmental pollution with crude oil was studied by IR Fourier spectroscopy, gamma-ray spectrometry, chromatography-mass spectrometry, and capillary gas-liquid chromatography with oil samples from six fields of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District and samples of soil and ground water contaminated with these oils.     

Characterisation of lavender essential oils by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with correlation of linear retention indices and comparison with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Nine samples of lavender essential oil were analysed by GC–MS using low-polarity and polar capillary columns. Linear retention indices (LRI) were calculated for each component detected. Characterisation of the individual components making up the oils was performed with the use of an mass spectrometry (MS) library developed in-house. The MS library was designed to incorporate the chromatographic data in the form of linear retention indices. The MS search routine used linear retention indices as a post-search filter and identification of the “unknowns” was made more reliable as this approach provided two independent parameters on which the identification was based. Around 70% of the total number of components in each sample were reliably characterised. A total of 85 components were identified. Semi-quantitative analysis of the same nine samples was performed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionisation detection (FID). The identified components accounted for more than 95% of each oil. By comparing the GC–MS results with the results from the GC×GC–FID analysis of a lavender essential oil, many more components could be found within the two-dimensional separation space.     

Determination of pesticide residues in olives and olive oil by matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A novel analytical approach has been developed and evaluated for the quantitative analysis of a selected group of widely used pesticides (dimethoate, simazine, atrazine, diuron, terbuthylazine, methyl-parathion, methyl-pirimiphos, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulphate, cypermethrin and deltamethrin), which can be found at trace levels in olive oil and olives. The proposed methodology is based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), (with a preliminary liquid-liquid extraction in olive oil samples) using aminopropyl as sorbent material with a clean-up performed in the elution step with Florisil, followed by mass spectrometric identification and quantitation of the selected pesticides using both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) in positive ionization mode. The recoveries obtained (with mean values between 85 and 115% (obtained at different fortification levels) with RSD values below 10% in most cases, confirm the usefulness of the proposed methodology for the analyses of these kind of complex samples with a high fat content. Moreover, the obtained detection limits, which were below 5 microg kg(-1) by LC-MS analyses and ranged from 10 to 60 microg kg(-1) by GC-MS meet the requirements established by the olive oil pesticide regulatory programs. The method was satisfactorily applied to different olives and olive oil samples.     

分散液-液微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用分析环境水样中痕量的2,4-二硝基甲苯和磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯

建立了分散液-液微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用同时测定环境水样中痕量2,4-二硝基甲苯和磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯的新方法。对影响萃取效率的因素进行了详细的考察和优化,确定采用的最佳萃取条件为: 将0.8 mL乙醇和60 μL氯仿的混合溶液快速注入5.0 mL的样品溶液中,振动混匀120 s后,离心分离,吸取沉积在试管底部的氯仿相直接进样分析。该方法对磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯和2,4-二硝基甲苯的检出限(信噪比为3)分别为0.01和0.04 μg/L,富集倍数分别为96.6和127.5;两种物质的线性范围达3到4个数量级;日内和日间测定的相对标准偏差(RSDs, n=6)分别为8.6%～11.5%和8.9%～12.0%。将该方法用于环境水样中2,4-二硝基甲苯和磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯的分析,其加标回收率为102.1%～110.9%。方法具有操作简单、方便快速、灵敏度高、无交叉污染和环境友好等优点。     

Identification of vertebrate type steroid hormones in the shrimp Penaeus japonicus by tandem mass spectrometry and sequential product ion scanning

The identification of testosterone, pregnelonone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone by tandem mass spectrometry and of progesterone by sequential product ion scanning in the shrimp gonads of Penaeus japonicus is described. The identification of these substances in biological samples is usually done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and involves several liquid chromotographic purification steps followed by derivatization. The utilization of tandem mass spectrometry in this analysis has simplified considerably the sample pretreatment and provided a very simple method of screening these substances in complex mixtures.     

液相色谱-质谱联用在兴奋剂检测中的应用及进展

液相色谱-质谱联用技术已越来越广泛地应用在兴奋剂的检测中,其中包括对各类小分子兴奋剂和肽类激素等的检测。本文综述了近年来液相色谱-质谱联用在兴奋剂检测中的筛选、确证和定量方面的应用及进展情况,并讨论了相关的检测标准。     

Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions

Summary A method for determination of the composition of the light oil fractions in high-temperature coal tar by means of distillation, followed by gas chromatography on a crosslinked fused-silica, capillary column coated with optimum amount of stationary phase and identification by capillary gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry combined with GC retention indices (GC/FTIR-RI) is described. This method was effectively used to identify complex mixture such as coal tar without any standard samples, especially, adapted for isomeric compounds. More than 60 and 50 compounds were also separated and identified respectively in light oil fractions. This shows the capability of the capillary GC/FTIR combined with GC retention indices to identify isomers not accomplished by GC/MS.