TS-1/过氧化氢催化体系中有机硫化物的选择氧化

 研究了TS-1/过氧化氢催化体系中几种典型有机硫化物的选择氧化脱除. 结果表明,噻吩和2-甲基噻吩仅在水或叔丁醇溶剂中才能被有效氧化脱除,且两者的反应历程不同. 噻吩分子中的硫原子先被氧化,2-甲基噻吩分子中的噻吩环先被氧化. 当过氧化氢与硫化物摩尔比为4时,噻吩和2-甲基噻吩均可被氧化为硫酸. 采用甲醇、乙腈和水作溶剂时,甲基硫醚和丁基硫醇均可被选择氧化脱除. 由于存在空间位阻,苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩及4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩在TS-1/过氧化氢体系中均不能被有效脱除.     

Ti-HMS催化氧化脱除模拟燃料中的硫化物

 将噻吩、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(DMDBT)分别溶于正辛烷配成模拟燃料,以Ti-HMS为催化剂,以H2O2为氧化剂,对模拟燃料的氧化脱硫进行了研究,考察了Ti-HMS的催化活性及硅/钛比和结晶度对催化剂活性的影响. 结果表明,在Ti-HMS上硫化物氧化的难易顺序是由噻吩环上硫原子的电子云密度和硫化物分子的空间位阻共同决定的; 氧化反应发生在分子筛孔道内,骨架钛原子为活性中心; DMDBT在Ti-HMS上的氧化脱除效果比在TS-1,Ti-β或Ti-MCM-41上好. 随着Ti-HMS中硅/钛比的增大,DMDBT的脱除率降低; 随着Ti-HMS分子筛结晶度的升高,DMDBT的脱除率升高.     

Ti-MWW催化烯丙基氯环氧化高效合成环氧氯丙烷

 研究了具有MWW结构的新一代钛硅分子筛Ti-MWW催化剂对烯丙基氯液相环氧化高效合成环氧氯丙烷的催化性能. 结果表明, Ti-MWW的催化活性以及产物选择性均优于传统的钛硅分子筛TS-1. 对于Ti-MWW,合适的溶剂为非质子性溶剂丙酮和乙腈,在该溶剂中环氧化物不易发生溶剂化开环反应; 而对于TS-1,合适的溶剂是质子性溶剂甲醇,但甲醇可导致醇醚副产物的生成. 在Ti-MWW催化剂上烯丙基氯的转化率和环氧氯丙烷的选择性都能达到99%以上.     

无机钛硅原料合成TS-1催化氯丙烯环氧化反应

采用无机钛硅原料体系合成出了TS-1分子筛,并对TS-1分子筛催化氯丙烯环氧化反应进行了研究.在以甲醇为溶剂的体系中考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量、氯丙烯与双氧水的摩尔比对反应的影响,得到了无机钛硅原料体系合成的TS-1催化氯丙烯环氧化反应的最优条件:反应时间为60 min,反应温度为45℃,催化剂用量为22.5 g L-1,氯丙烯与双氧水的摩尔比n(AC):n(H2O2)=1.8,并对无机钛硅原料体系合成的TS-1进行了修饰改性,评价了其催化性能.     

合成条件对TS-1结构及其催化氯丙烯环氧化的影响

采用水热法合成了TS-1分子筛，根据XRD、FT-IR、FT-Raman和UV-Vis的表征结果计算了TS-1的相对结晶度和骨架钛相对含量，并以氯丙烯环氧化反应为探针反应，研究了合成条件对TS-1的结构和催化性能的影响，结果表明，TS-1的结晶度随合成液中Si／Ti比和TPAOH／Si比的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势，TS-1的骨架钛相对含量也随合成液中钛含量的减少呈先增大后减小的趋势，随TPAOH含量的增加TS-1的骨架钛相对含量和非骨架钛含量一直增加，且非骨架钛的类型有所改变．具有较高结晶度和骨架钛含量及较低非骨架钛含量的TS-1的催化性能较好．较好的氯丙烯的转化率和环氧氯丙烷的选择性分别为92．1％和87．5％．     

钛硅分子筛TS-1的酸性表征及酸催化性能

采用Hammett指示剂滴定法表征了钛硅沸石TS-1的酸性.结果表明,TS-1酸强度范围为+3.3相似文献   

干胶法制备钛硅沸石及其催化性能

以四丙基溴化铵为模板剂,以乙二胺(EDA)为碱源,采用干胶法制备了TS-1,并在此基础上引入介孔/大孔模板剂蔗糖而制备出多级孔道TS-1.采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见光谱及N2物理吸附-脱附等手段对所得样品进行了表征,并考察了它们催化噻吩(Th)及苯并噻吩(BT)氧化反应的性能.结果表明,随着釜底部n(EDA)/n(H2O)比的降低,TS-1结晶度、骨架Ti含量及其在Th氧化反应中的催化活性均升高.而当以乙胺和正丁胺为碱源时,TS-1难以晶化.所制备的多级孔道TS-1样品具有介孔/大孔孔道,在Th氧化反应中的催化活性高于TS-1;对于BT的氧化,当n(sucrose)/n(SiO2)为0.35时,制备的多级孔道TS-1样品的催化活性最高,BT脱除率可达100%,而TS-1则无催化活性.     

Ti-HMS和TS-1分子筛结构和催化性能的对比研究

 采用长链十二烷基胺为模板剂,成功合成出含钛中孔分子筛Ti-HMS, 并针对其晶化过程、结构特征以及催化性能与修正经典法制备的微孔分子筛TS-1进行了对比. 结果表明,中孔分子筛Ti-HMS的晶化机理不同于微孔分子筛TS-1的晶化机理. 随着晶化温度的提高, Ti-HMS分子筛的相对结晶度降低,且晶化过程中母液的pH值变化不大. TEM照片显示, Ti-HMS分子筛的孔壁整体上呈无定形,在局部区域可能存在晶态或者类晶态物种. 与TS-1分子筛相比, Ti-HMS分子筛的活性中心(骨架钛)处在畸变的四面体环境中. 中孔分子筛Ti-HMS可以满足大分子硫化物(如苯并噻吩)氧化反应的要求; 对于小分子硫化物(如噻吩)的氧化反应,微孔分子筛TS-1催化剂效果更好.     

叔丁醇溶剂中TS-1催化丙烯环氧化的动力学研究

研究了叔丁醇溶剂中TS-1催化丙烯环氧化反应的本征动力学，反应条件为:温度303.15K～323.15K，丙稀压力0.3 MPa～0.6 MPa。根据反应机理及组分在TS-1上的吸附特点建立了如下的机理模型方程式： 根据实验数据，我们对机理模型进行了参数估值。检验结果表明拟合效果较好，反应符合Eley-Rideal机理，丙烯环氧化反应发生在吸附态的过氧化氢与游离态的丙烯之间。     

氨基酸辅助合成高活性六配位钛物种的TS-1分子筛

TS-1分子筛是以TO4(T=Si,Ti)四面体为基本单元,通过氧桥连接而形成的具有MFI拓扑结构的微孔晶体材料,其在催化烯烃环氧化、酮类氨肟化、氧化脱硫及芳香烃羟基化等氧化反应中表现出较好的催化活性.目前,提高TS-1分子筛催化性能的方法主要包括:(1)制备纳米和多级孔TS-1分子筛,以提高其扩散传质性能;(2)提高TS-1分子筛的钛含量并抑制锐钛矿相的产生,以增加其催化活性位点.最新研究表明,相比于传统四配位钛物种(TiO4)作为催化活性中心,六配位(TiO6)钛物种在烯烃环氧化反应中具有更高的催化活性,可进一步降低反应活化能,最终实现高效催化转化.然而,TiO6物种结构中的Ti-OH组分,易导致开环反应发生,从而降低环氧化产物的选择性.因此,构筑高活性TiO6物种及调变TiO4/TiO6比例,对提高烯烃转化率及环氧产物选择性具有重要意义.当前,高活性钛物种的结构表征及其构筑已成为研究热点且仍面临挑战.本文协同采用氨基酸辅助合成策略和两步晶化方法,成功地制备出具有TiO4和TiO6物种且无锐钛矿相的多级孔TS-1分子筛.在该协同策略中,两步晶化过程有利于抑制锐钛矿相的形成,而氨基酸的引入对高活性TiO6物种的构筑具有重要作用.氨基酸分子可与钛原料形成螯合物,为TS-1分子筛晶化提供"养料",并有效平衡晶体成核与生长速率及稳定TiO6物种,最终实现制备富含TiO6物种的多级孔TS-1分子筛.相比于传统TiO4物种作为催化活性中心(1-己烯的转化率<25％,环氧化产物选择性>95％),本文所制备的TS-1分子筛(Si/Ti=36.9)因其兼具TiO4和TiO6物种,在1-己烯环氧化反应中表现出更好的催化性能(1-己烯的转化率33％,环氧化产物选择性95％).这是由于TiO4物种不会导致开环反应的发生,因此可以保证较高的环氧产物选择性,而TiO6物种经H2O2活化后,可形成具有更高活性及更小位阻效应的催化中心,极大提高了1-己烯转化率.综上,本文合成策略为构筑具有高活性钛物种及多级孔结构的钛硅分子筛提供了指导作用,为调控硅铝酸盐及硅取代磷酸铝分子筛材料活性位点的含量和分布提供了新思路.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.