纳米Ce1—xMnxO2催化剂上乙醇催化氧化发光研究

研究了纳米Ce_1—xMn_xO₂上乙醇催化氧化发光特性, 重点考察了反应温度和催化剂组成(Ce/Mn比)对发光强度的影响规律. 为研究催化发光机理, 在相近的反应条件下考察了纳米Ce_1—xMn_xO₂上乙醇催化氧化反应的活性和选择性. 结果表明: 催化发光强度与催化反应中生成CH₃CHO的产率有很好的顺变关系, 表明CH₃CHO是导致C₂H₅OH分子在纳米Ce_1—xMn_xO₂催化剂上氧化发光的“活性分子”.     

纳米Ce1—xMnxO2催化剂上乙醇催化氧化发光研究

研究了纳米Ce_1—xMn_xO₂上乙醇催化氧化发光特性, 重点考察了反应温度和催化剂组成(Ce/Mn比)对发光强度的影响规律. 为研究催化发光机理, 在相近的反应条件下考察了纳米Ce_1—xMn_xO₂上乙醇催化氧化反应的活性和选择性. 结果表明: 催化发光强度与催化反应中生成CH₃CHO的产率有很好的顺变关系, 表明CH₃CHO是导致C₂H₅OH分子在纳米Ce_1—xMn_xO₂催化剂上氧化发光的“活性分子”.     

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2对CH4燃烧催化剂Fe2O3/Al2O3的改性作用

固定n(Ce)/n(Zr)比为0.67/0.33,用共沉淀法制得一系列CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3固溶体.采用这些固溶体作载体,以Fe2O3为活性组分,用浸渍法制备了一系列催化剂.BET结果显示,将适量Ce0.67Zr0.33O2引入到Al2O3载体中有助于催化剂保持较高的比表面积.TPR结果显示,载体中引入适量的Ce0.67Zr0.33O2可以改善催化剂的氧化还原性能.XRD结果表明,Fe2O3在CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3载体上呈现出良好的分散状况,老化前后催化剂的晶相结构基本无明显变化.特别是当载体中m(Ce0.67Zr0.33O2)∶m(Al2O3)的值为1∶2时,Fe2O3/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧中显示出最佳的催化性能和抗高温老化性能.     

湿式氧化吡虫啉农药生产废水的MnOx-CeO2催化剂性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了用于湿式氧化吡虫啉农药废水的MnOx-CeO2系列催化剂, 利用比表面测定仪(BET), X射线衍谢仪(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对其进行了表征, 并研究了不同Mn/(Mn+Ce)摩尔比对催化剂表面形态的影响以及催化剂表面形态与活性之间的关系. BET和XRD表征结果表明, Mn/(Mn+Ce)摩尔比为0.6时, 催化剂晶粒尺寸最小, 比表面积最大. XRD和XPS表征结果显示, Mn和Ce氧化物之间存在明显的相互作用, 催化剂表面Mn的氧化态和化学需氧量(COD)随着组成的变化而变化, 当Mn/(Mn+Ce)摩尔比为0.7时, 催化剂表面出现高价锰氧化物, 而且其化学吸附氧最多. 用Mn/(Mn+Ce)摩尔比为0.7的MnOx-CeO2催化湿式氧化吡虫啉农药废水时, 当催化剂用量为4 g/L, 反应温度190 ℃, 进水pH为7.0, 氧分压1.6 MPa, 搅拌速度500 r/min, 反应60 min时, COD去除率最大为89.3%.     

CuMnCeLa-O/γ-Al2O3催化剂助燃脱硝性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Cu Mn-O/γ-Al_2O_3、Cu Mn Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3和Cu Mn Ce La-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂.用XRD、BET、SEM、XPS和H_2-TPR技术对其物相和表面性质进行了表征.在连续固定床微反装置上评价了催化剂的CO+O_2和CO+NO反应性能.结果表明,催化剂样品中观测不到Cu O、Mn O_x、Ce O_2和La_2O_3的XRD晶相峰,活性组分在γ-Al_2O_3载体表面呈高度分散状态.Ce、La的引入对催化剂的比表面积、孔容和孔径分布影响不大.SEM谱图中未观测到活性组分的形貌,金属氧化物在载体表面均匀分布.Ce~(3+)!Ce~(4+)之间的可变价转换,引起Cu Mn Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂表相Cu O中具有非完整结构的[Cu~(2+)_(1-x)Cu_x~+][O_(1-2)1_x□1_(2x)]增多,Cu~+/Cu~(2+)比例增大,表相氧空位增多,H_2-TPR还原峰温度向低温区偏移.Ce~(4+)、La~(3+)之间不平衡电荷以及共生过程中Cu-Mn-Ce-La-O之间的强相互作用,加大了Cu O和Mn O_x结构的不完整性,导致Cu Mn Ce La-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂样品表相产生更多的Cu~+、Mn~(2+)、Mn~(3+)和氧空位,相应的H_2-TPR还原峰温度进一步向低温区偏移.催化氧化CO和CO催化还原NO实验结果表明,在反应空速20 000 h~(-1),350℃反应温度下,Cu Mn Ce La-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂CO催化还原NO反应的CO转化率达到88.2%,NO转化率达到了96.1%,表现出了较好的氧化还原活性.     

CeO2改性Ag-V2O5/TiO2催化剂的甲基吡啶氧化脱甲基性能

以锐钛矿TiO_2为载体,考察了CeO_2改性对Ag-CeO_2-V_2O_5/TiO_2催化3-甲基吡啶氧化脱甲基性能的影响,并优化了催化剂组成与制备条件.结果表明:Ce掺杂改性不仅能够与V物种作用形成Ce VO_4,而且促进V_2O_5分散,改善活性组分的氧化还原性能,从而提高3-甲基吡啶脱甲基转化率与选择性,改善Ag-V_2O_5/TiO_2催化性能.适宜的催化剂组成为V_2O_5负载量15%,Ce/V的摩尔比0.33,Ag质量分数1.0%.过高的焙烧温度将导致TiO_2载体向金红石型转变,Ag-CeO_2-V_2O_5/TiO_2适宜制备条件为450℃焙烧4 h.     

ZrxCe1－xO2催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸的活性研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Zr_xCe_1－xO₂催化剂, 利用BET, XRD和XPS对其进行了表征, 并研究了催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸的活性. 结果表明: Zr和Ce摩尔比为1∶9的催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸时具有最好的活性, 当乙酸溶液的初始化学需氧量(COD)为5000 mg/L, 反应温度为230 ℃, 压力为5 MPa时, 120 min后, COD的去除率为76% . 催化剂具有良好的活性是因为在CeO₂中加入Zr能够增大催化剂的比表面积和表面缺陷氧的含量, 并最终加快了HO₂•自由基的产生, 从而提高了催化剂的活性.     

ZrxCe1－xO2催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸的活性研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Zr_xCe_1－xO₂催化剂, 利用BET, XRD和XPS对其进行了表征, 并研究了催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸的活性. 结果表明: Zr和Ce摩尔比为1∶9的催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸时具有最好的活性, 当乙酸溶液的初始化学需氧量(COD)为5000 mg/L, 反应温度为230 ℃, 压力为5 MPa时, 120 min后, COD的去除率为76% . 催化剂具有良好的活性是因为在CeO₂中加入Zr能够增大催化剂的比表面积和表面缺陷氧的含量, 并最终加快了HO₂•自由基的产生, 从而提高了催化剂的活性.     

Ce掺杂Bi2MoO6/TiO2纳米纤维异质结的制备及可见光催化性能

以静电纺丝技术制备的TiO_2纳米纤维为基质,通过溶剂热法制备了异质结型稀土Ce掺杂Bi_2MoO_6/TiO_2复合纳米纤维。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)以及荧光光谱(PL)等分析测试手段对样品的物相、形貌和光学性能等进行表征。以罗丹明B为模拟有机污染物,研究了样品的可见光催化性能。结果表明:在稀土掺杂样品中,Ce离子进入Bi_2MoO_6晶格,部分取代Bi3+,导致晶胞膨胀,晶格畸变,形成缺陷;与TiO_2复合形成异质结,有利于光生电荷的产生、转移和有效分离,从而提高TiO_2纳米纤维的光催化活性。可见光照射180 min,罗丹明B的降解率达到95.1%。经5次循环光催化降解活性基本不变,样品具有良好的光催化稳定性。     

基于TiO2-Y2O3粉体催化发光甲醇气体传感器的研究

发现当甲醇气体通过TiO₂-Y₂O₃ (质量比为3∶1)粉体表面时, 可被空气中的O₂催化氧化产生强烈的化学发光, 基于此研制了一种新型的甲醇气体传感器. 此传感器对甲醇的检测具有较高灵敏度和较强的选择性. 在波长490 nm处进行定量分析, 催化发光强度与甲醇浓度在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系, 其线性范围为25.74～12870 mg/m³ (r＝0.9995, n＝8); 检出限为8.58 mg/m³(信噪比＝3). 外来物质如正己烷、三氯甲烷、苯、无水乙醇、甲醛、丙酮、氨、甲苯与甲醇共存时, 除了丙酮、乙醇和氨分别引起干扰外, 苯与其它气体不干扰测定. 该传感器工作时间可持续80 h以上, 是一种长寿命的、性能稳定的气体传感器, 并成功地实现了对甲醇气体的实时在线检测.     

An ethanol sensor based on cataluminescence on ZnO nanoparticles

A novel gas sensor for the determination of ethanol was proposed in the present work, which was based on the generated cataluminescence emission from catalytic oxidation of ethanol on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. The cataluminescence characteristics and the effect of different parameters on the signal intensity, such as morphology of synthesized ZnO, temperature and flow rate, were discussed in detail. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calibration curve of cataluminescence intensity versus ethanol vapor concentration was linear in the range 1.0-100 ppm, and with a detection limit of 0.7 ppm (S/N = 3). Compared with the traditional electrical conductivity-based ZnO gas sensor for the determination of ethanol, the proposed ethanol sensor showed the advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity and low working temperature.     

Ce掺杂对La1-xCexCoO3催化剂的结构和催化氧化性能的影响

采用非晶态配合物的方法合成了La1-xCexCoO3(x=0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3)催化剂, 并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和比表面测定仪(BET)等手段对催化剂的微观结构进行了研究. 揭示了Ce掺杂对催化剂的钙钛矿结构, CO催化氧化以及催化氧化发光性能的影响规律. 结果表明, 在Ce4+掺杂部分取代La3+后, 催化剂形成了镧不足的La1-xCeyφx-yCoO3(φ是A位离子空位)钙钛矿相以及CeO2和Co3O4物相. 与LaCoO3催化剂相比, x=0.1催化剂的CO催化氧化活性最高(T100%=290 ℃). La1-xCexCoO3催化剂对CO催化氧化发光的响应与其催化活性密切相关.     

Selective catalytic oxidation of NO with O2 over Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts

A series of Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and used for catalytic oxidation of NO in the presence of excess O2. The sample with the Ce doping concentration of Ce/Mn=1/3 and calcined at 300°C shows a superior activity for NO oxidation to NO2. On Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti catalyst, 58% NO conversion was obtained at 200°C and 85% NO conversion at 250°C with a GHSV of 41000 h-1, which was much higher than that over MnOx/TiO2 catalyst (48% at 250°C). Characterization results implied that the higher activity of Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti could be attributed to the enrichment of well-dispersed MnOx on the surface and the abundance of Mn3+ and Ti3+ species. The addition of Ce into MnOx/TiO2 could improve oxygen storage capacity and facilitate oxygen mobility of the catalyst as shown by PL and ESR, so that its activity for NO oxidation could be enhanced. The effect of H2O and SO2 on the catalyst activity was also investigated.     

中空纤维Au-CeZr/FAU催化膜的制备及在富氢气氛CO选择性氧化反应中的应用

采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Ce/Zr掺杂比例的FAU分子筛膜, 并进一步负载纳米金, 制备了Au-CeZr/FAU催化膜. 对催化膜的微观形貌及结构进行了表征, 并对其在富氢气氛中催化CO优先氧化性能进行了研究. H₂-TPR结果表明, Ce/Zr掺杂比为1∶1时制得的催化膜Au-Ce₁Zr₁/FAU具有最好的被还原能力, 更有利于Au的分散与还原; O₂-TPD结果表明, 该样品的氧物种比其它样品上的氧物种活性更高. 更好的被还原性能和更高的氧物种活性使得制备的Au-Ce₁Zr₁/FAU催化膜性能最佳, 在60 ℃时CO转化率与O₂选择性可以同时达到100%, 并且在经过10次热循环测试后仍然可以保持稳定的催化性能.     

Development of a chemiluminescence ethanol sensor based on nanosized ZrO2

Chemiluminescence was observed on introducing ethanol vapor to the surface of nanosized ZrO2 and this effect could be utilized to design a sensor for trace ethanol detection. The term cataluminescence (CTL) was used to describe this kind of chemiluminescence because the luminescence is generated by the catalytic oxidation of organic vapors on the solid surface. The proposed sensor showed high sensitivity to ethanol at 195 degrees C. The stability of the gas sensor was demonstrated by continuous reaction with ethanol for 100 h. Quantitative analysis was performed at an optimum wavelength of 460 +/- 10 nm. The chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the concentration of ethanol from 1.6 to 160 microg ml(-1), with a detection limit of 0.6 microg ml(-1) (signal-to-noise ratio = 3:1). The mechanism of the chemiluminescence reaction is discussed and the results show that one of the possible luminescent intermediates is acetaldehyde. The chemiluminescence on nanosized ZrO2 observed in this work demonstrates the possibility of developing new nanomaterials for low-temperature cataluminescence detection.     

The behavior of mixed-metal oxides: physical and chemical properties of bulk Ce1-xTbxO2 and nanoparticles of Ce1-xTbxOy

The physical and chemical properties of bulk Ce(1-x)Tb(x)O(2) and Ce(1-x)Tb(x)O(y) nanoparticles (xTb exchange nor the introduction of oxygen vacancies in Ce(1-x)Tb(x)O(y) significantly affect the charge on the Ce cations. In contrast, the O K-edge and Tb L(III)-edge XANES spectra for Ce(1-x)Tb(x)O(y) nanoparticles show substantial changes with respect to the corresponding spectra of Ce and Tb single oxide references. The Ce(0.5)Tb(0.5)O(y) compounds exhibit a much larger Tb(3+)/Tb(4+) ratio than TbO(1.7). A comparison with the properties of Ce(1-x)Zr(x)O(y) and Ce(1-x)Ca(x)O(y) shows important differences in the charge distribution, the magnitude of the dopant induced strain in the oxide lattice, and a superior behavior in the case of the Ce(1-x)Tb(x)O(y) systems. The Tb-containing oxides combine stability at high temperature against phase segregation and a reasonable concentration of O vacancies, making them attractive for chemical and catalytic applications.     

微波水热法对CoxNi(1-x)Fe2O催化活性的影响

到目前，人们已利用微波水热法合成了一些物质的超细粉体，但有关微波水热法合成粉体的催化性能研究仍没有见报导，这里，我们首次报导了在微波辐射下湿法合成的CoxNi（1-x）Fe2O4（0≤x≤1）粉体对催化分解H2O2有较高活性．微波辐射下合成CoxNi（1-x）Fe2O4催化剂的实验装置如     

金属核及氧化铈的物理化学性质对一氧化碳氧化的影响

氧化铈独特的氧化还原性能使其适合用作氧化反应中的催化剂或载体.氧化铈负载的过渡金属纳米粒子或孤立的单原子提供了金属-载体界面,从而降低了去除界面氧原子的能耗,提供了可以参与ManVanKulvian氧化过程的活性氧物种.CO氧化是测试氧化铈负载催化剂还原性的主要探针反应,并且它常见于在相对低温下消除CO的各种应用中.在过量H2中优先氧化CO(PROX)反应可控制CO浓度达到超低水平,以防止氢氧化电催化剂中毒.催化剂在CO氧化反应中的活性和在PROX反应中对CO和H2的选择性取决于金属物种的种类和分散性、CeO2的结构和化学性质以及催化剂的合成方法.在这篇综述中,我们总结了最近发表的关于CeO2负载的金属纳米粒子和单原子催化CO氧化和PROX反应的相关工作;以及不同的负载金属和同种金属在普通CeO2表面上的反应性.我们还总结了密度泛函理论计算中提出的最可能的反应机理;并且讨论了各种负载型金属在PROX反应中影响CO氧化选择性的因素.     

Unusual physical and chemical properties of Cu in Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2) oxides

The structural and electronic properties of Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2) nano systems prepared by a reverse microemulsion method were characterized with synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and density functional calculations. The Cu atoms embedded in ceria had an oxidation state higher than those of the cations in Cu(2)O or CuO. The lattice of the Ce(1)(-x)Cu(x)O(2) systems still adopted a fluorite-type structure, but it was highly distorted with multiple cation-oxygen distances with respect to the single cation-oxygen bond distance seen in pure ceria. The doping of CeO(2) with copper introduced a large strain into the oxide lattice and favored the formation of O vacancies, leading to a Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2-y) stoichiometry for our materials. Cu approached the planar geometry characteristic of Cu(II) oxides, but with a strongly perturbed local order. The chemical activities of the Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2) nanoparticles were tested using the reactions with H(2) and O(2) as probes. During the reduction in hydrogen, an induction time was observed and became shorter after raising the reaction temperature. The fraction of copper that could be reduced in the Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2) oxides also depended strongly on the reaction temperature. A comparison with data for the reduction of pure copper oxides indicated that the copper embedded in ceria was much more difficult to reduce. The reduction of the Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2) nanoparticles was rather reversible, without the generation of a significant amount of CuO or Cu(2)O phases during reoxidation. This reversible process demonstrates the unusual structural and chemical properties of the Cu-doped ceria materials.