稀土掺杂硅铝氧烷凝胶的制备及电流变效应

采用乳液聚合的方法以α－甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体对硅铝氧烷溶胶进行表面覆合，将所制得包裹了PMMA的高介电硅铝氧烷凝胶粉末，与硅油相充分混合是到了电流变效应非常显著的ER流体。同时，通过掺杂稀土化合物得到了一系列掺杂了稀土离子的PMMA包裹的硅铝氧烷凝胶粉末样品，测量 了在外加电场作用下该ER流体粘度随不同的样品浓度，不同的掺杂离子，温度的改变等影响，同时测量了漏电流密度，介电常等相关的物理量。讨论了乳液聚合原理，电流变效应机制。     

稀土PMMA包裹硅铝氧烷凝胶填充天然橡胶的抗疲劳作用

用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）对水玻璃、硝酸铝和α－甲基丙烯酸形成的硅铝氧烷溶胶进行包裹，得到PMMA包裹的硅铝氧烷凝胶，同时在反应过程中用稀土离子进行掺杂，得到的稀土掺杂PMMA微囊粉末填充到天然橡胶之中，经力学性能分析发现杨氏模量普遍提高，抗疲劳效果显著，一万次伸张疲劳后，拉伸强度的保持率比参照样品提高两倍以上。     

稀土掺杂PMMA包裹硅铝氧烷凝胶的ER效应

以二氧化硅微粒制备电流变液是研究者使用较多的一种方法[1] ,但由于二氧化硅的密度相对于分散相硅油来说太大 ,所以制成的电流变液稳定性较差。而用导电高分子微粒制成的电流变液则有在高电场时漏电流密度较大的问题[2 ] 。有研究者用直接聚合法在二氧化硅纳米微粒外包裹一层有机共聚物 ,生成一种微囊复合颗粒 ,可以使其相对密度减小 ,提高了电流变液的稳定性[3] 。我们以廉价水玻璃为原料制取硅铝氧烷溶胶 ,在其表面包裹聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (ＰＭＭＡ)后 ,得到ＰＭＭＡ包裹的硅铝氧烷凝胶具有相当的稳定性和易极化性 ,易形成较稳定的悬浮液 …     

稀土对硅铝氧烷凝胶电流变性能的改性及其表征

合成了镧、镨、钇、钆、铕等稀土离子掺杂的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)包裹的硅铝氧烷凝胶样品，采用显微照片、FTIR，XRD，XRF，TG等方法表征了样品的特性，研究了稀土对其硅油悬浮液的电流变效应的改性作用。     

稀土PMMA包裹硅铝氧烷凝胶的电流变效应

用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）对由水玻璃,硝酸铝和α－甲基丙烯酸形成的硅铝氧烷溶胶进行包裹,得到PMMA包裹的硅铝氧烷凝胶,同时在反应过程中用稀土离子进行掺杂,得到的稀土掺杂PMMA微囊粉末加入到甲基硅油中得到稳定的悬浮液,加载电场后发现其电流变效应显著提高,在一定浓度下与未掺杂体系相比即时粘度从95Pa.s提高到178Pas.s。     

由烷氧铝合成有机铝聚合物及其主要应用

本文就从烷氧铝合成有机铝聚合物的方法及有机铝聚合物的分类,作较详细的综合评述,并对其主要的应用作归纳和总结。     

硅倍半氧烷改性聚酰亚胺(PI/Si)复合膜性能

通过在聚酰亚胺(PI)中分别添加笼型八氨基苯基硅倍半氧烷(OAPS)、笼型八苯基硅倍半氧烷(OPS)、梯形聚苯基硅倍半氧烷(PPSQ)和无机纳米SiO2,制备了4种含硅聚酰亚胺(PI/Si)复合膜.对PI/Si复合膜的相容性、力学性能、热性能和阻燃性能进行了研究.结果表明,OAPS与PI间展现出较好的相容性,PPSQ次之,而OPS,SiO2与PI的相容性较差;但相容性与复合膜的力学和热性能无明显的对应关系.SiO2可提高PI的力学性能;PI/OAPS复合膜的T g最高;OAPS,PPSQ或SiO2的加入使PI复合膜的热稳定性稍有提高,而少量OPS的加入大大降低PI膜的热稳定性.这类PI/Si复合膜的显著特点是能够大幅提高PI膜的极限氧指数,含硅化合物能够增加PI燃烧后残炭量,使残炭的形貌得到显著改善.PI/Si复合膜在燃烧过程中在表面形成一层白色含硅包裹层,起到隔热隔氧及保护内层有机物不被燃烧的作用.硅倍半氧烷对炭层形貌的改善显著,展现出比SiO2更好的阻燃性能.     

硅倍半氧烷改性聚酰亚胺(PI/Si)复合膜性能简

通过在聚酰亚胺(PI)中分别添加笼型八氨基苯基硅倍半氧烷(OAPS)、笼型八苯基硅倍半氧烷(OPS)、梯形聚苯基硅倍半氧烷(PPSQ)和无机纳米SiO2,制备了4种含硅聚酰亚胺(PI/Si)复合膜. 对PI/Si复合膜的相容性、力学性能、热性能和阻燃性能进行了研究. 结果表明,OAPS与PI间展现出较好的相容性,PPSQ次之,而OPS,SiO2与PI的相容性较差;但相容性与复合膜的力学和热性能无明显的对应关系. SiO2可提高PI的力学性能;PI/OAPS复合膜的Tg最高;OAPS,PPSQ或SiO2的加入使PI复合膜的热稳定性稍有提高,而少量OPS的加入大大降低PI膜的热稳定性. 这类PI/Si复合膜的显著特点是能够大幅提高PI膜的极限氧指数,含硅化合物能够增加PI燃烧后残炭量,使残炭的形貌得到显著改善. PI/Si复合膜在燃烧过程中在表面形成一层白色含硅包裹层,起到隔热隔氧及保护内层有机物不被燃烧的作用. 硅倍半氧烷对炭层形貌的改善显著,展现出比SiO2更好的阻燃性能.     

甲基铝氧烷的改性及其对乙烯聚合催化活性的影响

用BCl3为修饰剂制备了改性甲基铝氧烷(BMAO) 以二氯二茂锆为主催化剂、BMAO为助催化剂,考察了影响乙烯聚合活性的各种因素及其聚合动力学行为 与常用的甲基铝氧烷(MAO)相比,BMAO用于催化体系显著提高了乙烯聚合的催化活性.     

多核钕—铝双金属配合物催化丁二烯聚合Ⅴ.甲基铝氧烷的影响

以外添加的方式，考查了甲基铝氧烷ＭＡＯ对多核钕－铝双金属配合物催化丁二烯聚合的影响，并与烷基铝存在下的作用结果相比较。结果表明，ＭＡＯ用量较低时（ｎ（Ａｌ）／ｎ（Ｎｄ）在５－２０之间），即可较烷基铝更大程度提高稀土配合物的催化活性，获得顺式聚丁二烯；ＭＡＯ的链转移作用较烷基铝的低。     

The soapless emulsion polymerization for the encapsulation of aluminosiloxane sol with PMMA

In the methyl methacrylate (MMA)-K₂S₂O₈-H₂O system we investigated the effect of initiator concentration, monomer amount, and quantity of aluminosiloxane sol on the rate of soapless emulsion polymerization. The kinetic characteristic suggests that the particles grow in accordance with the encapsulation mechanism. FT-IR confirmed that PMMA had been covalently combined with the aluminosiloxane sol. The morphology analysis by TEM confirmed that the composite particles have core-shell structure.     

Theoretical examination of borosiloxane and aluminosiloxane oligomers

The quantum-chemical method SCF MO LCAO in the MNDO approximation has been used to investigate the spatial and electronic structure of borosiloxane and aluminosiloxane oligomers that are formed in the original stages of polymerization of silicic acid in the presence of boron or aluminum atoms. An analysis has been made of the energetics of the polycondensation process, the charge redistributions, and the Brönsted acidities O these systems.Institute of Surface Chemistry, Academy O Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 152–154, March–April, 1991. Original article submitted January 25, 1990.     

Preparation and colloidal dispersion behaviors of silica sol doped with organic pigment

Silica sol doped with organic pigment was prepared by hydrolyzing tetraethoxysilane with a basic catalyst via dispersing pigment in silica sol. The colloidal properties of SiO₂/pigment hybrid sol and its deposited film were investigated. The presence of pigment in SiO₂/pigment hybrid sol affects the Zeta potential, particle size and surface tension compared to the silica sol without pigment. The SiO₂/pigment hybrid sol exhibited good dispersion stability in the centrifuge process. The maximum absorption wavelength was consistent with that of the pigment disperse solution, indicating that the pigment in SiO₂/pigment hybrid sol remained unchanged. Thermogravimetric analysis of the contents of organic component in silica sol and SiO₂/pigment hybrid sol were conducted, and the differential value was ascribed to the weight of the pigment and the condensate of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether (OP-10) and γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560). The surface topography of SiO₂/pigment hybrid silica film was characterized by AFM. The analysis of silica sol doped with organic pigment provides useful information for an effective pathway to disperse pigment on fiber and other substrates.     

紫外光辐射对TiO2溶胶的影响研究

用紫外可见吸收光谱、动态光散射与透射电镜研究紫外光辐射对TiO2溶胶在可见光区的吸收减少，紫外区吸收增加，吸收带隙增大。与非光辐射的TiO2溶胶粒子相比，光辐射使TiO2溶胶粒子分布均匀且平均粒径减小，提高了TiO2纳米粒子在室温下的晶化程度。     

Role of ammonium ions on the stability of TiO2 sol

In this paper, the role of the trace ammonium ions on the stability of TiO₂ sol prepared by peroxo titanic acid (PTA) sol was investigated. The results showed that the removal of ammonium ions in PTA sol is beneficial to reduce agglomeration and increase the negative charge on the surface of TiO₂ colloidal particles, contributing to the higher stability and longer storage time of the TiO₂ sol. It was also approved by the increase of interaction energy calculated by classical DLVO theory. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ sol was improved due to the decrease of aggregation of TiO₂ colloidal particles.     

Correlation between dispersion properties of TiO2 colloidal sols and photoelectric characteristics of TiO2 films

TiO2 film for use as dye-sensitized solar cell was prepared using the TiO2 colloidal sols (unpeptized sol and peptized sol). The optical properties and photocurrent-voltage characteristics of the resultant films were investigated. The optical transmittance of TiO2 thin film prepared from the peptized colloidal sol was over 90%, while that of TiO2 film from the unpeptized sol was under 80%. The TiO2 photoelectrode prepared from the peptized colloidal sol showed low photoelectric conversion efficiency (eta), 1.30%, whereas the efficiency of photoelectrode from the unpeptized sol was 2.21%. The high optical transmittance and low conversion efficiency of TiO2 film from the peptized sol are discussed in terms of dense microstructure due to the drying nature of well-dispersed colloidal sol.     

氟掺杂锐钛矿型TiO2溶胶的制备、表征及催化性能

以四氯化钛为前驱物, 采用改性的沉淀-溶胶-水热晶化法制备了一种具有锐钛矿型结构的氟掺杂的二氧化钛(F-TiO₂)溶胶. 研究了氟掺杂、水热晶化的温度、时间及介质pH值对溶胶粒子的晶型和晶化度的影响. 采用XRD, TG-DTA, TEM, UV-Vis-DRS, FTIR, XPS技术及吸附、表面酸度测定手段对溶胶粒子的结构进行了表征. XRD分析结果表明: 氟的掺入可以降低水热晶化反应的温度或减少反应时间、提高粒子的晶化度, 溶胶粒子具有锐钛矿型结构; TEM分析显示: 粒子呈圆球型, 平均粒径大约为6.5 nm. XPS测定结果表明; 氟在溶胶粒子中以吸附态和结合态两种形式存在; 吸附、表面酸度及光催化活性测定表明: 与P25型TiO₂及纯TiO₂溶胶粒子相比, F-TiO₂溶胶粒子具有更大的吸附能力、更强的表面酸度及更高的光催化活性. 还从光生载流子分离效率等方面探讨了掺杂对催化剂活性影响的机理.     

NMP中制备TiO2溶胶及其凝胶化

溶胶-凝胶过程;NMP中制备TiO2溶胶及其凝胶化     

TiO2-Al2O3复合氧化物负载NiMo加氢脱硫催化剂的研究

采用溶胶凝胶技术，从Al2O3载体的表面改性出发，制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体。采用此改性载体制备了NiMo／TiO2-Al2O3催化剂；用中压固定床微反装置考察了载体改性对制备的催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)活性的影响．用透射电镜、NH3-TPD及吡啶红外光谱法对改性载体和催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，经钛溶胶改性的载体制备的催化剂与原有载体制备的催化剂相比，催化剂活性提高了20％．改性载体表面负载的钛溶胶以纳米尺寸的TiO2微粒形态存在．     

Low-temperature synthesis of niobium oxide nanoparticles from peroxo niobic acid sol

A peroxo niobic acid sol was prepared by peptization of the niobic acid precipitate (Nb2O5.nH2O) with a H2O2 aqueous solution. Crystallized Nb2O5 nanoparticles and niobic acid nanoparticles were obtained by heating the peroxo niobic acid sol. When peroxo niobic acid sol prepared by peptization of the niobic acid precipitate ([NH3]=0.3 mol/l) was heated at 348 K for 1 week, Nb2O5 nanoparticles with a diameter of 4.5 nm and a S(BET) of 275 m2/g were obtained. When peroxo niobic acid sol prepared by peptization of the niobic acid precipitate ([NH3]=1 mol/l) was heated at 348 K for 1 week, niobic acid nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 2 nm were obtained. The pore structure and degree of crystallinity of the nanoparticles prepared by heating the peroxo niobic acid sol greatly depended on the concentration of the ammonia solution used for preparing the niobic acid precipitate.