高硫合成气制甲硫醇钼硫基催化剂的制备

钼硫基催化剂;含硫化氢合成气;高硫合成气制甲硫醇钼硫基催化剂的制备     

CO2与CH4催化反应合成气研究

CO_2与液化天然气(98%为C_3-C_4烃)催化重整制合成气,八十年代初期在当时的西德已建立了工业生装置.近年来,由于石油资源日趋短缺,促进世界各国重视探讨和研究天然气资源利用的新途径.除甲烷氧化偶联制乙烯,甲烷氧化制甲醇和甲醛等直接转化过程已引起广泛的重视外,研究和开发由甲烷制取合成气的新过程也正日益受到人们的关注,其中利用CO_2与甲烷催化重整制合成气,可将造成温室效应,破坏人类生存环境的CO_2气体转化为宝贵的化工原料,所制得的合成气中CO/H_2=1,特别适合做羰基合成和合成有机含氧化合物的原料,近年来对该反应的研究已引起人们的重视.其反应表示如下:     

压力对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的影响

甲烷部分氧化制合成气是近年来催化界关心的课题之一，文献报导的工作多在常压下进行［１～４］．然而天然气和纯氧都有一定压力，且以合成气为原料的后续过程通常都在较高压力下操作，从节能的角度出发，研究加压甲烷部分氧化制合成气具有重要的实际意义［１，２］．我们...     

Ni整体型催化剂大空速甲烷自热氧化制合成气

随着石油资源的逐渐减少,天然气将是未来基本化学品的主要碳源.因此,天然气的开发利用已日益受到世界范围的广泛重视.当前,天然气的化工利用主要是用于生产合成气,再由合成气制取大量化学品,如合成氨、甲醇和烃类等.目前,工业上生产合成气主要采用水蒸气催化重整工艺.     

Experimental study of bio-oil gasification with steam

利用固定床反应器对生物油的水蒸气非催化气化性能进行了实验研究,考察了温度和水蒸气的加入量对气化过程的影响,对气化所得粗合成气的组成分布进行了分析.结果表明,升高温度有利于生物油向合成气转化,1200℃时,生物油的碳转化率可达97.8％,合成气有效成分(H2+CO)的产率可达77％,其中H2/CO摩尔比为1.19;水蒸气的加入可以提高合成气中的H2/CO摩尔比,当S/C(水碳比)=4时,合成气中的H2/CO摩尔比可达3.69,与此同时,水蒸气的加入不利于合成气有效成分产率的提高;生物油气化所得气体为中热值气体.     

煤在合成气、氢气和氮气气氛下的热解研究

采用固定床反应器，在合成气气氛下对中国寻甸褐煤、蒙古Shiveeovoo褐煤和Khoot油页岩进行了热解研究。升温速率10 ℃/min，褐煤热解温度400 ℃～800 ℃，油页岩热解温度300 ℃~600 ℃，研究结果与氢气和氮气气氛下的热解进行了比较。结果表明,与加压热解不同，褐煤在不同气氛下常压热解半焦和焦油收率差别不大，但对油页岩，合成气和氢气气氛下热解焦油收率高于氮气，气体收率低于氮气。黄铁矿硫在不同气氛下热解均极易脱除，并部分转化为有机硫。油页岩的总硫脱除率远低于褐煤，与油页岩的高灰分含量有关。与氮气甚至氢气相比，合成气下寻甸褐煤的高总硫脱除率和低有机硫含量与合成气中的CO有关。但CO在油页岩热解脱硫中不起作用，也与油页岩高灰分含量有关。研究结果也表明合成气可代替氢气进行加氢热解。     

合成气制低碳燃料醇工业侧线模试

在接近工业操作条件下,综合考察催化剂制备放大、工业粒度催化剂、反应器放大及工业合成气等放大效应对合成气制低碳燃料醇催化反应的影响。在模试反应器中采用多段蛇管换热及移热与催化剂床层合理稀释,从而保证反应温度均匀。在模试中较系统地考察了温度、压力、空速及合成气中CO_2含量对合成低碳燃料醇反应的影响。在400—405℃,14—15MPa,尾气空速4000h~(-1)条件下进行了1000小时寿命试验,结果良好。低碳燃料醇的时空产率为0.21—0.25升醇/升催化剂/小时。在燃料醇中,甲醇占74—77%,异丁醇12—15%。本工作为合成气制低碳燃醇料工业试验装置的基础设计提供数据。     

生物油水蒸气气化实验研究

利用固定床反应器对生物油的水蒸气非催化气化性能进行了实验研究,考察了温度和水蒸气的加入量对气化过程的影响,对气化所得粗合成气的组成分布进行了分析。结果表明,升高温度有利于生物油向合成气转化,1 200 ℃时,生物油的碳转化率可达97.8%,合成气有效成分(H₂+CO)的产率可达77%,其中H₂/CO摩尔比为1.19;水蒸气的加入可以提高合成气中的H₂/CO摩尔比,当S/C(水碳比)=4时,合成气中的H₂/CO摩尔比可达3.69,与此同时,水蒸气的加入不利于合成气有效成分产率的提高;生物油气化所得气体为中热值气体。     

煤间接液化研究进展

报道了中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所“七五”期间在煤间接液化研究方面的进展，包括煤基合成气合成发动机燃料及合成气制低碳燃料醇技术的研究开发￣［１］。其中煤基合成气合成发动机燃料已完成８０～１００ｔ／ａ中间试验，燃料油收率达１００ｇ／ｍ￣３（ＣＯ＋Ｈ＿２），汽油辛烷值（马达法）达８０，尾气热值达１２５４ｋＪ／ｍ￣３。合成气制低碳燃料醇技术研究开发已完成升级模式，在燃料醇组成中，甲醇占７１～７７％，异丁醇１２～１５％，时空产率为０．２１～０．２５Ｌａｌｃ／Ｌｃａｔ·ｈ．参考文献６篇。     

富氢气氛下煤热解特性的研究

选用云南先锋褐煤在１０ｇ固定床反应器中分别与总压和氢分压下的氢气，氮气，合成气以及焦炉煤气共热解，通过比较它们的热解特性来考察合成气和焦炉煤气替代纯氢作加氢热解反应气氛的可能性。实验结果表明，与相同总压的加氢热解相比，焦炉气与合成气气氛下煤热解总转化率及焦油收率的略有降低且水分有所增加，煤－焦炉气共热解焦油中ＢＴＸ和萘的收率五之相当；     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.